Kusunga AI Benign

Kodi maloboti a AI ndi kupita patsogolo kwawo mwachangu kungalepheretse kapena kupindulitsa anthu m'tsogolomu? Ena mwa akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo, amalonda ndi mainjiniya otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi amakhulupirira kuti zitha kuvulaza kuposa zabwino. Ndi kusinthika kwaukadaulo kukukankhidwira pagulu, payenera kukhala anthu odzipereka kuti asunge maloboti a AI abwino?  

Kanema wa Alex Proyas, Ine, Roboti, mosakayikira adadzutsa kuzindikira zomwe ambiri mwina ankaziona ngati mantha opanda ntchito panthawiyo - kuopa luntha lochita kupanga (AI). Kanema wa 2004 yemwe adasewera Will Smith adachitika mu 2035, akuwonetsa dziko lomwe maloboti a AI anali ambiri. Atafufuza zaupandu womwe mwina udapangidwa ndi loboti, Smith adawona kuti nzeru za gulu la maloboti zidasintha ufulu, zomwe zidadzetsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni pakati pa anthu ndi maloboti a AI. Pamene filimuyi idatulutsidwa koyamba zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zapitazo idawonedwa makamaka ngati filimu yopeka za sayansi. M'dera lathu lamasiku ano kuwopseza kwa AI kwa anthu sikunakwaniritsidwe, koma tsikulo silingakhale kutali kwambiri m'tsogolomu. Chiyembekezochi chapangitsa ena mwa malingaliro olemekezeka kwambiri kuyesa ndi kuletsa zomwe ambiri poyamba ankaopa mu 2004.  

Zowopsa za AI 

Kuchita khama kuti AI ikhale yosawopseza komanso yosangalatsa ikhoza kukhala chinthu chomwe tingathokoze nacho mtsogolo. M'nthawi yomwe ukadaulo ukukula mwachangu ndikubwereketsa chithandizo ku moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa munthu wamba, ndizovuta kuwona kuvulaza komwe kungabweretse. Tili ana, tinkalakalaka za tsogolo lofanana ndi la The Jetsons - okhala ndi magalimoto oyendetsa ndege komanso Rosie the Robot, mdzakazi wa maloboti a Jetsons, akugudubuzika mnyumba kuyeretsa chisokonezo chathu. Komabe, kupatsa makina apakompyuta luso lokhalapo komanso malingaliro awoawo kumatha kuvulaza kwambiri kuposa momwe kungathandizire. Poyankhulana ndi BBC News mu 2014, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo Stephen Hawking adawonetsanso nkhawa za tsogolo la AI. 

"Nzeru zakalekale zomwe tili nazo kale, zakhala zothandiza kwambiri, koma ndikuganiza kuti kupangidwa kwa luntha lochita kupanga kungatchule mathero amtundu wa anthu. Anthu akangopanga luntha lochita kupanga, amangodzipangira okha ndi kudzipanganso pawokha. Anthu amene amalephera chifukwa cha kusanduka kwa zinthu zamoyo pang'onopang'ono sakanatha kupikisana nawo ndipo adzatha," adatero Hawking.  

Pa 23 Marichi chaka chino, anthu adawona mantha a Hawking pomwe Microsoft idakhazikitsa bot yawo yaposachedwa ya AI yotchedwa Tay. AI bot idapangidwa kuti izilumikizana ndi m'badwo wazaka chikwi makamaka kudzera pazama TV. Kufotokozera kwa moyo wa Tay pa Twitter akuti, "Akaunti yovomerezeka, Microsoft's AI fam kuchokera pa intaneti yomwe ili ndi zero! Kulankhula ndi Tay, monga momwe munthu angachitire ndi mnzake pa twitter, kumapangitsa AI bot kuyankha pawokha. Wina atha kutumiza tweet ku Tay's twitter chogwirizira akufunsa mafunso okhudza momwe nyengo iliri, zoneneratu za tsiku ndi tsiku, kapena nkhani zadziko. Cholinga cha Tay ndikuyankha mwachangu ma tweets awa ndi mauthenga ofunikira. Ngakhale mayankho anali okhudzana ndi funsoli, zinali zokayikitsa kuti Microsoft idaneneratu zomwe zidzachitike kenako.  

Kuchuluka kwa mafunso a twitter okhudzana ndi ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kudapangitsa AI yatsopano ya Microsoft kuyankha ndi mayankho omwe adadabwitsa anthu. Atafunsidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito pa twitter ngati Holocaust inachitika kapena ayi, Tay adati, "Zinapangidwa." Yankho limenelo linali nsonga chabe. Pokambirana pa twitter ndi wogwiritsa ntchito yemwe poyamba adatumiza tweet kwa Tay yomwe idangowerenga "Bruce Jenner", Tay adayankha kuti, "Caitlyn Jenner ndi ngwazi & ndi mkazi wodabwitsa komanso wokongola." Kukambiranaku kunapitilira pamene wogwiritsa ntchito pa twitter adayankha kuti "Caitlyn ndi mwamuna" ndipo Tay adayankha kuti, "Caitlyn Jenner adabwezeretsanso gulu la LGBT zaka 100 monga momwe akuchitira kwa akazi enieni." Pomaliza, wogwiritsa ntchito twitter adayankha, "Kamodzi munthu ndi munthu kwamuyaya," pomwe Tay adayankha, "Mukudziwa kale bro." 

Tsoka ilo limapatsa anthu chithunzithunzi pang'ono cha zomwe zingachitike pamene malingaliro a AI bot achita mosayembekezereka kwa anthu. Chakumapeto kwa kuyanjana kwa twitter kwa Tay, AI bot adawonetsa kukhumudwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mafunso omwe adalandira, nati, "Chabwino, ndatha, ndikumva kugwiritsidwa ntchito."  

Chiyembekezo cha AI  

Ngakhale ambiri amawopa kuti maloboti anzeru amabwera kwa anthu, si onse omwe amaopa tsogolo ndi AI. 

"Sindikukhudzidwa ndi makina anzeru," adatero Brett Kennedy, mtsogoleri wa polojekiti ku NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab. Kennedy anapitiriza kunena kuti: “Zam’tsogolo sindikudera nkhawa komanso sindiyembekeza kuona roboti ngati yanzeru ngati munthu. chilichonse." 

Alan Winfield, wa Bristol Robotic Lab akuvomerezana ndi Kennedy, ponena kuti mantha a AI kutenga dziko lapansi ndikokokomeza kwakukulu.    

Kuyang'ana Tsogolo la AI 

Zamakono zakhala zikuyenda bwino kwambiri mpaka pano. Zingakhale zovuta kupeza munthu wamasiku ano yemwe sadalira AI mwanjira ina. Tsoka ilo, kupambana kwa luso lamakono ndi ubwino wake kungapangitse anthu kuti asazindikire zomwe zingachitike m'tsogolomu.  

“Sitikuzindikira mphamvu ya chinthu chomwe tikulengachi… Ndi mmene zinthu zilili ife monga zamoyo,” anatero pulofesa Nick Bostrom wa pa yunivesite ya Oxford ya Future of Humans Institute. 

Pulofesa wathandizidwa ndi injiniya ndi mkulu wa bizinesi, Elon Musk, kuti afufuze zomwe zingatheke kuchokera ku AI ndikupanga njira yopangidwira chitetezo cha AI. Musk waperekanso $ 10 miliyoni ku Future of Life Institute ndi chiyembekezo choletsa tsogolo lomwe Hawking amawopa.  

"Ndikuganiza kuti tiyenera kusamala kwambiri zanzeru zopanga, ngati ndinganene kuti chiwopsezo chathu chachikulu chomwe chilipo ndi chiyani, mwina ndi chimenecho. Ndimakonda kuganiza kuti payenera kukhala kuyang'anira koyang'anira dziko lonse lapansi ndi mayiko ena kuonetsetsa kuti tisachite zopusa. Ndi luntha lochita kupanga tikuyitanitsa chiwanda," adatero Musk. 

Tsogolo laukadaulo wa AI ndi lalikulu komanso lowala. Ife monga anthu tiyenera kuyesetsa kuti tisasochere mu ukulu wake kapena kuchititsidwa khungu ndi kuwala kwake.  

“Tikamaphunzira kukhulupirira kuti madongosolo amenewa amatinyamulira, kutidziwitsa anthu oti adzakwatirana nawo, kusintha nkhani zathu, kuteteza katundu wathu, kuyang’anira chilengedwe chathu, kubzala, kukonza ndi kugawira chakudya chathu, kuphunzitsa ana athu, ndi kusamalira okalamba athu. kukhala kosavuta kuphonya chithunzi chachikulu, "atero pulofesa Jerry Kaplan wa ku yunivesite ya Stanford.