Maganin ciwon sukari wanda ke canza sel masu ciwon sukari zuwa sel masu samar da insulin

Masu bincike a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Washington a St. Louis da Harvard sun samar da ƙwayoyin ɓoye-insulin daga ƙwayoyin da aka samo daga marasa lafiya masu fama da ciwon sukari na 1 (T1D), suna ba da shawarar hanyar da za ta iya bi don magance T1D ba ta da nisa a nan gaba. .

Nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 da yuwuwar magani na keɓaɓɓen

Nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 (T1D) wani yanayi ne na yau da kullun wanda tsarin garkuwar jiki yana lalata ƙwayoyin pancreatic masu sakin insulin - ƙwayoyin beta a cikin tsibiri - don haka ya sa pancreas ya kasa samar da isasshen insulin don kiyaye matakan sukari na jini na yau da kullun. 

Ko da yake akwai jiyya da aka rigaya don taimakawa marasa lafiya su jimre wa wannan yanayin - kamar motsa jiki da canjin abinci, allurar insulin na yau da kullun, da lura da hawan jini - a halin yanzu babu magani.

Koyaya, wannan sabon binciken ya nuna cewa keɓaɓɓen jiyya na T1D na iya kasancewa a nan gaba ba da nisa ba: ya dogara da ƙwayoyin jikin marasa lafiya na T1D don samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin beta waɗanda ke yin insulin don taimakawa sarrafa matakan sukari, don haka da gaske zama magani mai dorewa ga majiyyaci da kawar da buƙatar allurar insulin na yau da kullun.

Bincike da nasarar bambance-bambancen tantanin halitta a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje A cikin Vivo da kuma a vitro gwaji

Masu bincike a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Washington sun nuna cewa sabbin kwayoyin halitta da aka samu daga sel mai tushe na iya samar da insulin lokacin da suka ci karo da sukarin glucose. An gwada sabbin kwayoyin halitta a vivo akan beraye kuma a vitro a cikin al'adu, kuma a cikin al'amuran biyu, masu bincike sun gano sun ɓoye insulin don amsawa ga glucose.

An buga binciken masana kimiyya a cikin Jaridar Nature Communications a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2016:

"A ka'idar, idan za mu iya maye gurbin sel da suka lalace a cikin waɗannan mutane tare da sabbin ƙwayoyin beta na pancreatic - wanda babban aikinsu shine adanawa da sakin insulin don sarrafa glucose na jini - marasa lafiya masu ciwon sukari na 1 ba za su sake buƙatar allurar insulin ba." Jeffrey R. Millman (PhD), marubucin farko kuma mataimakin farfesa a fannin likitanci da injiniyan halittu a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Washington. Kwayoyin da muka kera suna fahimtar kasancewar glucose kuma suna ɓoye insulin don amsawa. Kuma ƙwayoyin beta suna yin aiki mafi kyau wajen sarrafa sukarin jini fiye da masu ciwon sukari."

An gudanar da irin wannan gwaje-gwaje a baya amma an yi amfani da su ne kawai daga mutane marasa ciwon sukari. Ci gaban ya faru ne lokacin da masu binciken suka yi amfani da ƙwayoyin beta daga jikin fata na marasa lafiya tare da T1D kuma sun gano cewa, a gaskiya ma, mai yiwuwa ne ga kwayoyin halitta na marasa lafiya na T1D su bambanta cikin sel masu samar da insulin.

"Akwai tambayoyi game da ko za mu iya yin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta daga masu fama da ciwon sukari na 1," in ji Millman. "Wasu masana kimiyya sun yi tunanin cewa saboda nama zai fito daga masu ciwon sukari, za a iya samun lahani don hana mu taimakawa kwayoyin halitta su bambanta zuwa kwayoyin beta. Ya zama ba haka ba ne."

Aiwatar da ƙwayoyin beta daban-daban mai tushe T1D don magance ciwon sukari 

Yayin da bincike da ganowa ke nuna babban alkawari a nan gaba, Millman ya ce ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tabbatar da cewa ciwace-ciwacen daji ba su samuwa ba sakamakon amfani da ƙwayoyin da aka samu na T1D masu haƙuri. Ciwon daji a wasu lokuta suna tasowa yayin binciken kwayar halitta, kodayake gwajin da mai binciken ya yi a cikin beraye bai nuna shaidar ciwace-ciwace ba har zuwa shekara guda bayan dasa kwayoyin.

Millman ya ce sel beta da aka samo asali na iya zama a shirye don gwaji na ɗan adam a cikin kusan shekaru uku zuwa biyar. Hanyar fiɗa mafi ƙanƙanta zai haifar da dasa sel a ƙarƙashin fata na marasa lafiya, ba da damar sel damar samun isar da jini don daidaita matakan sukari na jini.

"Abin da muke zato shine hanyar jinya wanda za'a sanya wani nau'in na'ura da ke cike da sel a ƙarƙashin fata," in ji Millman.

Millman ya kuma lura cewa sabuwar dabarar za a iya amfani da ita ta hanyoyi daban-daban don magance wasu cututtuka. Tun da gwaje-gwajen Millman da abokan aikinsa sun tabbatar da cewa yana yiwuwa a bambanta ƙwayoyin beta daga ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin daidaikun T1D, Millman ya ce akwai yuwuwar wannan dabarar za ta yi aiki a cikin marasa lafiya da wasu nau'ikan cutar - ciki har da (amma ba iyaka. to) nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ciwon sukari na jarirai (ciwon suga a jariran da aka haifa), da Wolfram Syndrome.

Ba wai kawai zai yiwu a yi amfani da T1D a cikin ƴan shekaru kaɗan ba, amma kuma yana iya yiwuwa a samar da sababbin jiyya don cututtuka masu dangantaka da kuma gwada tasirin magungunan ciwon sukari a kan bambance-bambancen sel na waɗannan marasa lafiya.