Ikusasa elinezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa ezisemthethweni

“Engxoxweni yami noPaul (osanda kweva eshumini nambili, umfundi waseyunivesithi), wachaza i-Ecstasy ‘njengesidakamizwa sekusasa’ ngoba inikeza, ngendlela esebenziseka kalula, imiphumela evame ukufiswa ezimweni zezenhlalo—amandla, ukukhululeka, nokuzola. Waba nomuzwa wokuthi isizukulwane sakhe sasikhule siphuza amaphilisi njengempendulo esheshayo yokugula ngokomzimba nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi leli phethini manje selidlulela kwezinye izici zokuphila, kulokhu, inhlalo nenjabulo.”

Lesisho esingenhla sisuka ku Iphepha lika-Anna Olsen Consuming e: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Ecstasy nempilo yesimanje yezenhlalo yanyatheliswa ngo-2009. Ngokusekelwe eCanberra, e-Australia, iphepha lakhe lidlulisela ulwazi lomuntu siqu oluvela kubantu ababili abasebenzise i-ecstasy yesidakamizwa. Ekuxoxisaneni nabahlanganyeli mayelana nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kanye nokulalela izindinganiso zabo zomuntu siqu, i-ecstasy ichazwe njengokunikeza ukubaluleka kobudlelwane bomphakathi. Umuthi uvame ukusho "imibono emayelana nobungqabavu, ukuzijabulisa, kanye nokubaluleka kokuhlalisana nokuba nomdlandla ngaphandle kokugxambukela kweminye imithwalo yemfanelo yomuntu."

Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi i-ecstasy ithole ukunakwa okwengeziwe kanye nokusetshenziswa esizukulwaneni seminyaka eyinkulungwane, kodwa izidakamizwa eziningi zokuzijabulisa ezithathwa ngokuthi "ezingekho emthethweni" sezivame kakhulu emiphakathini yesimanje. Insangu imvamisa iyisidakamizwa sokuqala esifikayo engqondweni uma sicabanga ngezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu esikweni lezidakamizwa zentsha, futhi inqubomgomo yomphakathi isiqalile ukuphendula kulo mkhuba. E-United States, uhlu lwezifunda ezigunyaze insangu ngokusemthethweni luhlanganisa i-Alaska, iColorado, i-Oregon neWashington. Izifundazwe ezengeziwe nazo seziqalile ukucabangela ukwenza kube semthethweni, noma seziqale inqubo yokususa ubugebengu. Ngokufanayo, iCanada ihlela ukuqhubeka ukwethula umthetho wensangu ku intwasahlobo ka-2017 - esinye sezithembiso UNdunankulu waseCanada uJustin Trudeau wayefuna ukufeza.

Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuveza isimo samanje sensangu kanye nenjabulo emphakathini wamanje kanye nesiko lentsha, njengoba lesi kuyisizukulwane esizobe sinquma indlela yekusasa. Izidakamizwa zokungcebeleka ngokuvamile zizocatshangelwa, kodwa kuzogxilwa ezintweni ezimbili ezishiwo ngenhla, i-ecstasy nensangu. Isimo samanje senhlalo nepolitiki sizosebenza njengesizinda sokunquma indlela engaba khona yesikhathi esizayo insangu, i-ecstasy, nezinye izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa ezizosetshenziswa.

Izidakamizwa zokungcebeleka emphakathini namasiko entsha

Kungani ukwanda kokusetshenziswa?

Kuye kwaba nemizamo eminingi yokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokungcebeleka njengensangu ngoba, kalula nje, “izidakamizwa zimbi.” Imizamo eminingi yenziwe emhlabeni wonke ngethemba lokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa entsheni, ngokwesibonelo izikhangiso ze-TV kanye nezikhangiso ze-inthanethi ezibonisa ukushelela kwezidakamizwa. Kodwa ngokusobala, akwenzanga okuningi. Njengoba Misty Millhorn kanye nozakwabo babhala ephepheni labo Isimo Sengqondo SaseNyakatho Melika Ngokuqondene Nezidakamizwa Ezingekho Emthethweni: “Nakuba izikole ziye zanikeza izinhlelo zokufundisa ngezidakamizwa, njenge-D.A.R.E., inani lentsha esebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa alizange lehle ngokuphawulekayo.”

Abacwaningi sebeqalile ukubheka izibalo zocwaningo kanye nomsebenzi owenziwe abanye abacwaningi ngethemba lokuthola impendulo yombuzo othize: kungani intsha nentsha iqhubeka nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa naphezu kwezixwayiso ezinikezwa yona besebancane?

Howard Parker waseNyuvesi yaseManchester wenze umsebenzi oncomekayo emzamweni wokugcona izizathu zokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa entsheni. Ungomunye wabasekeli abahamba phambili be- "normalization thesis": ukuthi intsha kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha benze kancane kancane ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwaba ingxenye “evamile” yempilo yabo ngenxa yezinguquko zesiko nomphakathi. Cameron Duff iqeda umqondo nangokwengeziwe, ngokwesibonelo, “inkolelo-mbono yokujwayela” ingabhekwa ‘njengethuluzi elinezinhlangothi eziningi, isilinganiso sezinguquko ekuziphatheni komphakathi kanye nemibono yamasiko’. I-normalization thesis iwukuthi, ngalo mqondo, ikhathazeke kakhulu ngokushintsha kwamasiko - ngezindlela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okwakhiwa ngazo, okubonwayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi okubekezelelwa njengomkhuba womphakathi ogxilile - njengocwaningo lokuthi bangaki abantu abasha abadla izinto ezingekho emthethweni, kanjani kaningi futhi kuziphi izimo.”

Ukwenza isikhathi sokungcebeleka ezweni elimatasa

Umqondo "we-thesis evamile" uyisisekelo lapho abacwaningi abaningi benza khona izifundo zabo. Esikhundleni sokuthembela ezibalweni, abacwaningi kunalokho bafuna umbono wekhwalithi ukuze babambe izizathu “zeqiniso” zokuthi kungani ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezizukulwaneni ezincane kuye kwanda kangaka. Kuvamile ukuthi abantu ngabanye bacabange ukuthi abasebenzisa izidakamizwa zokungcebeleka bangamahlongandlebe futhi abanalo iqhaza emphakathini, kodwa umsebenzi ka-Anna Olsen ubonise okuhlukile: “Phakathi kwabantu engixoxile nabo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Ecstasy kwakulinganiselwe, futhi lokhu kwakuhlobene eduze nezindinganiso zokuziphatha mayelana nezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni kanye nezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. Isikhathi sokuzilibazisa.Ukulandisa kwabahlanganyeli kokuthi bayisebenzise nini futhi kuphi i-Ecstasy kuhlanganisa ukulandisa kokuziphatha mayelana nokuthi kwakufanele nini futhi kuphi ukuphuza umuthi.Bathule i-Ecstasy njengethuluzi elijabulisayo noma elijabulisayo elisetshenziswa abantu ngesikhathi sabo sokungcebeleka, kodwa lokho akulungile. ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwezindawo nezikhathi ezisetshenziselwa ukuzijabulisa nokuzijabulisa." Yize umsebenzi wakhe ubuzinze e-Australia, kuvamile ukuzwa okufanayo kubantu baseCanada nabaseMelika.

U-Cameron Duff wenze inhlolovo nayo eyayizinze e-Australia, ehlanganisa abaxhasi be-"bar nama-nightclub" abangu-379 ngokusebenzisa "indlela yokuvimbela" yokukhetha abahlanganyeli abangahleliwe nabazimisele ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokucima ukoma nama-nightclub ukuze bathole iqembu langempela labantu. esikhundleni seqembu elithile. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi u-77.2% wabahlanganyeli bazi abantu abasebenzisa "izidakamizwa zephathi," igama elisetshenziswe ephepheni elibhekisela ezidakamizweni zokungcebeleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-56% wabahlanganyeli ukuqinisekisile ukuthi basebenzise umuthi wephathi okungenani kanye empilweni yabo.

U-Duff uphinde aqaphele ukuthi abantu abanezisekelo eziqinile babonakala befanela kanjani lesi sizukulwane esisha sabasebenzisi bezidakamizwa zokungcebeleka. Ubalula ukuthi "cishe ama-65% alesi sampula ayasebenza, iningi lawo lisebenza ngokugcwele, kanti amanye angama-25% abike inhlanganisela yokuqashwa, imfundo ehlelekile, kanye/noma ukuqeqeshwa." Ugcizelela ukuthi abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa zokungcebeleka abakwazi ukumane bathathwe njengabahlubuki noma amalungu omphakathi angakhiqizi kahle; futhi lokho akwenzanga laba basebenzisi bezidakamizwa zokungcebeleka bangabi nobuhlobo bomphakathi noma bazihlukanise nabantu. yamanethiwekhi omphakathi nezomnotho ajwayelekile, futhi kubonakala sengathi baguqule indlela yabo yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuze 'ivumelane' nalawa manethiwekhi." Lokhu kubonakala kuhambisana nomsebenzi ka-Olsen maqondana nombono wokuthi akubona nje abantu “ababi” abazibandakanya nezidakamizwa zokungcebeleka, kodwa intsha kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha abanezinjongo nezifiso, futhi abaqhubeka bephumelela empilweni yabo yomuntu siqu neyomsebenzi. . Ngakho-ke, isidingo sokuzijabulisa nokungcebeleka kulesi sikhathi samanje singatholakala ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokungcebeleka, inqobo nje uma zisetshenziswa ngokuzibophezela nangokuzilibazisa.

Indlela abanye abazizwa ngayo

Izimo zengqondo ezivamile ngezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa zibonakala zihluka kuye ngokuthi uya kuphi. Ukugunyazwa kwensangu, ikakhulukazi, kubonakala kusalokhu kuyimpikiswano e-United States ngenkathi iCanada inombono okhululekile kakhulu ngalolu daba. UMillhorn nozakwabo baphawula engxoxweni yabo ukuthi, "Lolu cwaningo luthole ukuthi iningi labantu baseMelika likholelwa ukuthi insangu kufanele ihlale ingekho emthethweni, kodwa kube nokunyuka kancane kwenkolelo yokuthi insangu kufanele ibe semthethweni." Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwensangu kuvame ukubangela isigcwagcwa emiphakathini ethile yaseMelika naseCanada, "Kwaze kwaba ngo-1977 lapho abantu baseMelika baqala khona ukusekela ukugunyazwa kwensangu. Ukwesekwa kwabo kukhuphuke kancane kusuka ku-28% ngo-1977 kuya ku-34% ngo-2003," nokwanda kancane kokusekelwa eCanada, “kusuka ku-23% ngo-1977 kuya ku-37% ngo-2002.”

Ikusasa elinezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa ezisemthethweni

Umphakathi wethu ubungabukeka kanjani ngenqubomgomo esemthethweni ehambisana nemibono esekela ukwenziwa komthetho? Yiqiniso, kunezinzuzo zokugunyaza insangu, injabulo, nezinye izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa. Kodwa, akhona amandla okuthi yonke imibono iye eningizimu. Ezinye izindaba ezimbi kuqala.

Okubi nokubi

Amalungiselelo empi

UPeter Frankpan, umqondisi we-Oxford Center for Byzantine Research kanye nocwaningo oluphezulu e-Worcester College, e-Oxford, babhale indaba enhle kakhulu nge-Aeon enesihloko esithi, "Impi, Ngezidakamizwa”. Kuyo, uxoxa ngomlando wokudla izidakamizwa ngaphambi kwempi. AmaViking kusukela ekhulwini lesi-9 kuya kwele-11 aphawuleka kakhulu ngalokhu: “Ofakazi bokuzibonela bacabanga ngokucacile ukuthi kukhona okuphakamise la maqhawe esimweni esifana nesokuphupha. Cishe babeqinisile. Cishe ngokuqinisekile, amandla nokugxila okungaphezu komuntu kwaba umphumela wokungenisa amakhowe e-hallucinogenic atholakala eRussia, ikakhulukazi amakhowe. fly agaric – ikepisi elibomvu elihlukile namachashazi amhlophe avame ukubonakala kumamuvi e-Disney. […] Lawa makhowe anobuthi empukane e-agaric, lapho ephehliwe, akhiqiza imiphumela enamandla yokuvuselela ingqondo, okuhlanganisa ukudangala, ukujabula, nokubona izinto ezingekho. AmaViking afunda nge fly agaric ekuhambeni kwabo emifuleni yaseRussia."

Nokho, umlando wokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngaphambi kwempi awugcini lapho. I-Pervitin noma i-"panzer chokolade" yadabula imigqa yangaphambili yaseJalimane eMpini Yezwe II: "Kwakubonakala kuyisidakamizwa esimangalisayo, esikhiqiza imizwa yokuqwashisa okukhulu, ukugxila ekugxilweni nasekukhuthazeni ukuthatha ingozi. Isikhuthazi esinamandla, sasivumela namadoda. ukusebenza ngokulala okuncane." AbaseBrithani baphinde bahlanganyela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo: "UGeneral (kamuva owaba ngu-Field Marshal) uBernard Montgomery wanikeza i-Benzedrine emabuthweni akhe eNyakatho Afrika ngobusuku bangaphambi kwempi yase-El Alamein - ingxenye yohlelo olwabona amaphilisi e-Benzedrine ayizigidi ezingu-72 enikezwa amabutho aseBrithani. ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili."

I-CNN ibike ngoNovemba 2015 ye Abalwi be-ISIS nokuthatha izidakamizwa ngaphambi kwempi. ICapitagon, i-amphetamine okuthiwa idumile eMpumalanga Ephakathi, yaba isidakamizwa esithandwa kakhulu. UDkt. Robert Kiesling, udokotela wezifo zengqondo, wacashunwa esihlokweni ethi: “Ungahlala uphapheme izinsuku eziningi. Awudingi ukulala. […] Kukunikeza umuzwa wenhlalakahle kanye nenjabulo. Futhi ucabanga ukuthi awunakunqotshwa futhi akukho lutho olungakulimaza.”

Ulwazi ezandleni ezingalungile

Imiphumela yezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa ezisemthethweni ayigcini nje empini. Ukwenza ngokusemthethweni izidakamizwa zokungcebeleka kuzoncibilikisa izithiyo zocwaningo olufanele nolubanzi mayelana nesakhiwo samakhemikhali nemithelela yazo. Ulwazi lwesayensi nokutholakele kushicilelwa kokubili umphakathi wesayensi nomphakathi. Uma kubhekwa lezi zimo, kungaholela emiphumeleni engathandeki. Sekuvele kukhona ukuthambekela "kwezidakamizwa zokuklama" ezintsha eziphuma ngesivinini esisheshayo. Njengoba kuphawulwe esihlokweni seWebMD “Izidakamizwa Ezintsha Zomklami Wemakethe Emnyama: Kungani Manje?" umenzeli we-DEA ucashunwe ethi: "'Yini ngempela into ehlukile lapha i-inthanethi -- ulwazi, olulungile noma olungalungile noma olungenandaba, lusakazwa ngesivinini sombani futhi lushintshe inkundla yethu. [...] Kuyisiphepho esihle kakhulu. yezitayela ezintsha. Ngaphambi kwe-inthanethi, lezi zinto zathatha iminyaka ukuvela. Manje izitayela ziyashesha ngemizuzwana.'" Izidakamizwa zomklami, njengoba kuchazwe ngokuthi “Iphrojekthi Yazi” ziwukuthi, “zenziwe ngokukhethekile ukuze zihambisane nemithetho ekhona yezidakamizwa. Le mithi ingaba izinhlobo ezintsha zezidakamizwa ezindala ezingekho emthethweni noma ingaba amakhemikhali amasha ngokuphelele adalelwa ukuthi aphume ngaphandle komthetho.” Ukugunyaza izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa, ngakho-ke, kuzovumela ulwazi oluthile ukuthi lufinyeleleke kalula, futhi labo abazobe befuna ukwenza izidakamizwa ezinamandla kakhulu bangakwazi ukwenza kanjalo.

The Good

Kuleli qophelo, kungase kubonakale sengathi kufanele kubhekwe kabusha ukuthi izidakamizwa zokungcebeleka kufanele zibe semthethweni yini. Nokho, uhlangothi olubi aluyitsheli yonke indaba.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, okwamanje kunezithiyo ezithakazelweni ezithile zocwaningo ngenxa yesimo semithi yokuzijabulisa evame ukusetshenziswa. Kodwa, amaqembu axhaswe ngezimali ngasese akwazile ukuthuma amaphrojekthi athile ocwaningo oluncane olubandakanya abambalwa ababambiqhaza. Bakwazile ukunquma ezinye zezinzuzo ezingaba khona izidakamizwa zokungcebeleka njengensangu, i-ecstasy, ngisho namakhowe omlingo ezinazo ekwelapheni izifo ezisukela ebuhlungwini kuye ekuguleni kwengqondo.

Okungokomoya, ukwelapha ingqondo

U-Lopez waseJalimane noJavier Zarracina baqoqe izifundo eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesihloko sabo esinesihloko Amandla okwelapha ahehayo, axakile wezidakamizwa ze-psychedelic, achazwe ezifundweni ezingama-50+. Kuyo, babonisa amaphepha amaningi ashicilelwe abacwaningi abathintekayo ekuhloleni ukusebenzisa ama-psychedelics ekwelapheni kwezokwelapha. Baphinde baveze ama-akhawunti omuntu siqu avela kubahlanganyeli abachaza ukuthi bazizwe bengcono kangakanani ngemva kokuthola ukwelashwa. Njengoba sekushiwo, ucwaningo lusazama ukwehla ezinyaweni zalo. Ucwaningo lwabo lunosayizi omncane wesampula, futhi awekho amaqembu okulawula ukuze anqume ukuthi imiphumela ebonisiwe iwumphumela ngempela wama-psychedelics. Noma kunjalo, abacwaningi banethemba njengoba ababambiqhaza babonisa ukusabela okuhle phakathi nenqubo yokwelashwa.

Ukwehliswa kokubhema ugwayi, uphuzo oludakayo, ukukhathazeka kokuphela kwempilo, kanye nokucindezeleka ngezinye zezinkinga ezinkulu ezishiwo abantu ababone ngcono kuzo ngemva kokuthatha umthamo wamakhowe omlingo noma i-LSD. Abacwaningi abaqiniseki ukuthi yini ebangela lo mphumela, kodwa abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kungenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho okungaqondakali okunamandla okungase kubangele ama-psychedelics. U-Lopez no-Zarracina baphikisa ngokuthi ababambiqhaza “babe nesipiliyoni esijulile, esiphusile esingabasiza ngesinye isikhathi ukuthi baqonde okusha ngokuziphatha kwabo futhi baphinde baxhumane nezimiso zabo nezinto eziza kuqala kubo mayelana nalokho okubalulekile kubo ohlelweni olukhulu lwezinto." UGarcia-Romeu, omunye umcwaningi kaJohns Hopkins, naye wathi, “Lapho benezinhlobo ezinjalo zokuhlangenwe nakho, kubonakala kuwusizo ngabantu ukuba bakwazi ukwenza izinguquko zokuziphatha, njengokuyeka ukubhema.”

Ukucindezeleka okuthile, ukwelapha ubuhlungu

Ephepheni elashicilelwa ngo-2012 elinesihloko esithi Insangu Yezokwelapha: Ukusula Intuthu ngabacwaningi u-Igor Grant, J. Hampton Atkinson, Ben Gouaux, kanye no-Barth Wilsey, imiphumela yensangu esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene ibonakala ekuqoqweni kwezifundo ezimbalwa. Ngokwesibonelo, insangu ehogelwe intuthu njalo yaphumela ekwehliseni ngokuphawulekayo umuzwa wobuhlungu obungapheli kolunye ucwaningo. Ingxenye enkulu yabantu abathintekayo kulolu cwaningo oluthile ibike okungenani u-30% ekwehliseni kwabo ubuhlungu ngenkathi besebenzisa insangu. Abacwaningi bagcizelele leli phuzu ngoba “ukwehla okungu-30% kokuqina kobuhlungu ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nemibiko yekhwalithi yokuphila ethuthukisiwe.”

Ngokuphathelene ne-THC yokwenziwa, ethathwa ngomlomo, iziguli ezinengculazi nazo zabonisa ukusabela okuhle ohlotsheni olulodwa lwento, i-dronabinol: “Uvivinyo ezigulini ezinengculaza ezinokuncipha kwesisindo esiphawulekayo zabonisa ukuthi i-dronabinol 5mg nsuku zonke yayiyidlula i-placebo ngokuphawulekayo ngokuphathelene nesifiso sokudla sesikhashana. ukuthuthukisa (38% vs. 8% emavikini angu-6), nokuthi le miphumela yaqhubeka kuze kube yizinyanga ezingu-12, kodwa ayizange ihambisane nomehluko omkhulu ekuzuzeni isisindo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokumosha amandla okuhambisana nesifo."

Iziguli ezine-multiple sclerosis (MS) nazo zazihilelekile ezivivinyweni ezithile. I-analgesia, ukungakwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu, into abantu abane-MS abayibheka kwezokwelapha ukusiza ngesimo sabo. Nabo, basabela kahle: ucwaningo olulodwa olulandela izinyanga ezingu-12 lwathola ukuthi i-30% yeziguli ezelashwa ngohlobo oluthile lwensangu ngenxa yobuhlungu obuhlobene ne-MS basengakwazi ukugcina umuzwa we-analgesia futhi babike ukuthi "ukuthuthukiswa" okuqhubekayo umthamo omkhulu wama-25mg we-THC nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi, “ukudambisa izinhlungu kungase kuqhubeke ngaphandle kokwenyuka komthamo.”

Kukhona imiphumela engemihle, yebo, kodwa kubonakala sengathi, ngokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kocwaningo, iziguli azifinyeleli ezingeni lokuqina eliholela ezibhedlela: “Ngokujwayelekile le miphumela ihlobene nomthamo, ibucayi kuya kobumaphakathi, kubonakala kwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi kubikwa ukuthi abanolwazi oluncane kakhulu kunabasebenzisi abangenalwazi. Izibuyekezo ziphakamisa ukuthi imiphumela engemihle evame kakhulu isiyezi noma ikhanda elilula (30% -60%), umlomo owomile (10% -25%), ukukhathala (5% -40%), ubuthakathaka bemisipha (10% -25%), myalgia (25%), kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo (20%). Ukukhwehlela nokucasuka komphimbo kubikwa ekuhlolweni kwensangu ebhenywayo."

Kuyacaca ukuthi ngokuqondisa kodokotela okufanele, izidakamizwa zokuzilibazisa zivula umnyango wokwelashwa nokulawulwa okungcono kwezinye izifo ezithinta umphakathi ngokwandayo. Izidakamizwa ezifana nensangu namakhowe omlingo azilutheki ngokomzimba kodwa zingalutha ngokwengqondo. Nakuba, kunjalo, udokotela wendawo yomuntu uzobe echaza imithamo elinganiselwe. Esikhundleni sezidakamizwa ezivamile eziyingozi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ezingasebenzi, futhi ezingaholela emiluthweni enzima njenge-Xanax, i-oxycodone, noma i-Prozac, amathuba okuba nokufinyelela kwezinye izidakamizwa ezishiwo ngenhla abonise ukuthi anamandla amakhulu futhi angaba usizo. emphakathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo olwengeziwe olubandakanya izidakamizwa ezifana nensangu, i-ecstasy, kanye ne-psychedelics lungaveza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezingcono zokuhlunyeleliswa kanye nempilo enhle.