Izindlela zokwelapha zokwandisa impilo ukuze kuzinziswe umnotho womhlaba: Ikusasa Lomnotho P6

Ikusasa lesizukulwane X. Ikusasa leminyaka eyinkulungwane. Ukukhula kwesibalo sabantu uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa kwabantu. Izibalo zabantu, ukufundwa kwezibalo zabantu kanye namaqembu akubo, kudlala indima enkulu ekubumbeni umphakathi wethu futhi kuyisihloko esikhuluma ngaso kabanzi kwethi. Ikusasa Labantu chungechunge.

Kodwa kumongo wale ngxoxo, izibalo zabantu nazo zidlala indima eqondile ekunqumeni impilo yezomnotho yesizwe. Eqinisweni, umuntu udinga ukubheka kuphela izilinganiso zabantu kwanoma yiliphi izwe ngalinye ukuqagela amandla alo okukhula kwesikhathi esizayo. Kanjani? Nokho, lapho inani labantu bezwe libancane, umnotho walo ungaba namandla futhi uguquguquke.

Ukuchaza, abantu abaneminyaka engu-20 no-30 bavame ukusebenzisa futhi baboleke kakhulu kunalabo abangena eminyakeni yabo yobudala. Ngokunjalo, izwe elinabantu abaningi beminyaka yokusebenza (okungcono kakhulu ukuthi libe phakathi kweminyaka eyi-18-40) lingasebenzisa amandla alo ukuze lisebenzise amandla okusetshenziswa okunenzuzo noma umnotho oqhutshwa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe—njengoba iShayina yenza kuyo yonke iminyaka yawo-1980 kuze kube ekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Khonamanjalo, amazwe lapho inani labantu abaneminyaka yokusebenza lincipha (ahem, Japan) avame ukuhlupheka ngenxa yokuntengantenga noma ukuncipha komnotho.

Inkinga ukuthi amakhowe asemazweni athuthukile akhula ngokushesha kunalokhu ekhula esemancane. Izinga lokukhula kwenani labantu ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sezingane ezingu-2.1 ezidingekayo ukuze okungenani kugcinwe inani labantu lizinzile. INingizimu Melika, i-Europe, i-Russia, izingxenye ze-Asia, inani labantu liyancipha kancane kancane, okusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwemithetho evamile yezomnotho, okusho ukuthi umnotho wabo kulindeleke ukuthi wehlise futhi ekugcineni unciphe. Enye inkinga edalwa yilokhu kwehla kwenyuka wukuchayeka ezikweletini.   

Isithunzi sesikweletu siyakhula

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ukukhathazeka ohulumeni abaningi ababa nakho uma kukhulunywa ngesibalo sabantu abampunga ukuthi bazoqhubeka kanjani nokuxhasa uhlelo lwePonzi olubizwa ngeSocial Security. Inani labantu abampunga liba nomthelela omubi ezinhlelweni zempesheni yabadala lapho bethola ukuthutheleka kwabamukeli abasha (okwenzeka namuhla) nalapho labo bamukeli bekhipha izimangalo ohlelweni isikhathi eside (indaba eqhubekayo encike ekuthuthukisweni kwezokwelapha ngaphakathi kohlelo lwethu lwezempilo oluphakeme. ).

Imvamisa, akukho kulezi zici ezimbili okungaba yinkinga, kodwa izibalo zabantu zanamuhla zidala isiphepho esihle kakhulu.

Okokuqala, amazwe amaningi aseNtshonalanga axhasa ngezimali izinhlelo zawo zempesheni ngokusebenzisa imodeli ye-pay-as-you-go esebenza kuphela lapho uxhaso olusha lufakwa ohlelweni ngomnotho okhulayo kanye nenzuzo entsha yentela evela kusizinda sesakhamuzi esikhulayo. Ngeshwa, njengoba singena emhlabeni onemisebenzi embalwa (kuchazwe kweyethu Ikusasa Lomsebenzi series) futhi njengoba inani labantu lincipha emazweni amaningi athuthukile, le modeli yokukhokha njengoba usuhamba izoqala ukuphelelwa uphethiloli, okungenzeka iwe ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo.

Obunye ubuthakathaka balo modeli buvela lapho ohulumeni abaxhasa ngezimali inethiwekhi yokuphepha komphakathi becabanga ukuthi imali abayibekela eceleni izohlanganiswa ngezinga lokukhula phakathi kwamaphesenti amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngonyaka. Ngamanye amazwi, ohulumeni balindele ukuthi idola ngalinye abalilondolozayo lizophindeka kabili njalo eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye noma ngaphezulu.

Nalesi simo asiyona imfihlo. Ukuphumelela kwezinhlelo zethu zempesheni kuyindaba yokukhuluma eqhubekayo phakathi nomjikelezo omusha wokhetho. Lokhu kudala ugqozi kubadala ukuthi basheshe bathathe umhlalaphansi ukuze baqale ukuqoqa amasheke empesheni kuyilapho uhlelo luhlala luxhaswe ngokugcwele—ngaleyo ndlela kusheshisa usuku lapho lezi zinhlelo ziphazamiseka khona.

Ngokuxhasa ngezimali izinhlelo zethu zempesheni, kunohlu lwezinye izinselelo ezibangelwa ukumpunga ngokushesha kwabantu. Lokhu kubandakanya okulandelayo:

• Abasebenzi abanciphayo bangase babangele ukwehla kwamandla emali emiholweni kuleyo mikhakha ephuza ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha nemishini ezenzakalelayo;

• Izintela ezinyusiwe ezizukulwaneni ezincane ukuze kuxhaswe izinzuzo zempesheni, okungase kudaleke isithebe sezizukulwane ezisencane ukuba zisebenze;

• Ubukhulu bukahulumeni ngokuhlanganisa imali yokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nempesheni;

• Umnotho ohamba kancane, njengezizukulwane ezicebe kakhulu (i-Civics kanye nama-Boomers), ziqala ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ukuze zixhase iminyaka yazo yomhlalaphansi eyandisayo;

• Ukwehliswa kokutshalwa kwezimali emnothweni omkhulu njengoba izikhwama zempesheni ezizimele zihoxa ekuxhaseni ukulingana kwamabhizinisi azimele kanye namadili okuthola imali ukuze kuxhaswe ukuhoxiswa kwempesheni kwamalungu azo; futhi

• Ukwehla kwamandla emali isikhathi eside uma amazwe amancane ephoqeleka ukuthi aphrinte imali ukuze abhekane nezinhlelo zawo zempesheni eziwohlokayo.

Manje, uma ufunda isahluko esandulele esichaze Imali Eyisisekelo Yomhlaba Wonke (UBI), ungase ucabange ukuthi i-UBI yesikhathi esizayo ingase ibhekane nakho konke ukukhathazeka okuphawulwe kuze kube manje. Inselele ukuthi inani lethu labantu lingaguga ngaphambi kokuba i-UBI ivotelwe ibe umthetho emazweni amaningi asebekhulile emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala ikhona, i-UBI cishe izoxhaswa kakhulu ngezintela zemali engenayo, okusho ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo kuzoncika kubasebenzi abaningi nabakhuthele. Ngaphandle kwalaba basebenzi abasha, inani le-UBI yomuntu ngamunye lingaba ngaphansi kunalokho elidingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziyisisekelo.

Ngokufanayo, uma ufunda umbhalo isahluko sesibili yalolu chungechunge Lwekusasa Lomnotho, uzobe uqinisile lapho ucabanga ukuthi ingcindezi yokwehla kwamandla emali yezibalo zethu ezimpunga zingase ziphikisane nobuchwepheshe bengcindezi yokwehla kwamandla emali obuzoyibeka emnothweni wethu emashumini eminyaka ezayo.

Okushodayo izingxoxo zethu mayelana ne-UBI kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali, wukuvela komkhakha omusha wesayensi yezokunakekelwa kwempilo, onamandla okubumba kabusha umnotho wonke.

Isandiso sempilo esidlulele

Ukubhekana nebhomu lenhlalakahle yomphakathi, ohulumeni bazozama ukwenza imizamo eminingi yokuzama ukugcina isamba sethu sokuphepha komphakathi sincibilika. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukukhulisa iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi, ukudala izinhlelo ezintsha zomsebenzi ezifanelana nabantu abadala, ukukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali komuntu ngamunye kube yimpesheni yangasese, ukukhulisa noma ukudala izintela ezintsha, kanye ne-UBI.

Kukhona enye inketho ohulumeni abangase bayisebenzise: izindlela zokwelapha ezinwetshiwe.

Sabhala ngokuningiliziwe mayelana isandiso sempilo esedlulele esibikezelweni sangaphambilini, ngakho-ke ukufingqa, izinkampani ze-biotech zenza igxathu elimangalisayo emzamweni wazo wokuchaza kabusha ukuguga njengesifo esingavinjelwa esikhundleni seqiniso elingenakugwenywa lokuphila. Izindlela abazama ngazo ikakhulukazi zibandakanya izidakamizwa ezintsha ze-senolytic, ukubuyisela izitho zomzimba, ukwelapha ngofuzo, kanye ne-nanotechnology. Futhi ngezinga lo mkhakha wesayensi othuthukayo, izindlela zokwelula impilo yakho ngamashumi eminyaka zizotholakala kabanzi ngasekupheleni kwawo-2020.

Ekuqaleni, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zokwandisa impilo yangaphambi kwesikhathi zizotholakala kwabacebile kuphela, kodwa maphakathi nawo-2030, lapho isayensi nobuchwepheshe obusemva kwabo kwehla ngentengo, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zizofinyeleleka kubo bonke. Ngaleso sikhathi, ohulumeni abacabanga phambili bangase bavele bafake lezi zindlela zokwelapha ekusebenziseni kwabo okujwayelekile kwezempilo. Futhi kohulumeni abacabanga kancane, ukungachithi imali ekwelashweni kokwandisa impilo kuzoba yindaba yokuziphatha abantu abazophumela kuyo ngamandla ukuthi bavotele iqiniso.

Nakuba lolu shintsho luzokwandisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezempilo (ukusikisela kubatshalizimali), lesi sinyathelo sizosiza futhi ohulumeni ukuthi baqhubekisele phambili ibhola uma kuziwa ekubhekaneni nezinkinga zabo zezakhamizi. Ukuze ugcine izibalo zilula, zicabange ngale ndlela:

• Khokha izigidigidi ukuze welule izimpilo zokusebenza ezinempilo zezakhamizi;

• Yonga izigidigidi ezengeziwe ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwemali yokunakekelwa kwabadala ngohulumeni nezihlobo;

• Khiqiza izigidigidi (uma uyi-US, i-China, noma i-India) ngenani lezomnotho ngokugcina abasebenzi bezwe besebenza futhi besebenza amashumi eminyaka ngaphezulu.

Umnotho uqala ukucabanga isikhathi eside

Uma sicabanga ukuthi sishintshela emhlabeni lapho wonke umuntu ephila ukuphila okude kakhulu (singathi, kufika ku-120) enemizimba eqinile, emisha, izizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo ezingase zijabulele lokhu kunethezeka cishe kuzodingeka ukuthi bacabange kabusha ukuthi bahlela kanjani impilo yabo yonke.

Namuhla, ngokusekelwe esikhathini sokuphila esilindelwe kabanzi seminyaka elinganiselwa ku-80-85, abantu abaningi balandela indlela eyisisekelo yokuphila lapho uhlala khona esikoleni futhi ufunde ubungcweti kuze kube yiminyaka engu-22-25, qalisa umsebenzi wakho bese ungenela isikhathi eside esingathí sina. -ubudlelwano besikhathi ngama-30, qala umndeni futhi uthenge imali mboleko ngeminyaka engama-40, ukhulise izingane zakho bese ulondolozela umhlalaphansi uze ufinyelele eminyakeni engama-65, bese uthatha umhlalaphansi, uzama ukujabulela iminyaka yakho esele ngokuchitha iqanda lesidleke sakho.

Kodwa-ke, uma leyo nkathi yokuphila elindelekile inwetshwa ibe yi-120 noma ngaphezulu, ifomula yesigaba sokuphila echazwe ngenhla ichithwa ngokuphelele. Ukuqala, kuzoba nengcindezi encane ukuze:

• Qala imfundo yakho yangemva kwesecondary ngokushesha ngemva kwesikole samabanga aphezulu noma ingcindezi encane yokuqeda iziqu zakho kusenesikhathi.

• Qala futhi unamathele emsebenzini owodwa, inkampani noma imboni njengoba iminyaka yakho yokusebenza izovumela ubungcweti abaningi ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.

• Shada ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okuholela ezikhathini ezinde zokuphola; ngisho nomqondo wemishado yaphakade kuyodingeka ucatshangelwe kabusha, okungenzeka ukuthi uthathwe esikhundleni yizivumelwano zomshado ezithatha amashumi eminyaka eziqaphela ukungapheleli kothando lweqiniso phakathi nokuphila okunwetshiwe.

• Yiba nezingane kusenesikhathi, njengoba abesifazane benganikela amashumi eminyaka ekusunguleni imisebenzi ezimele ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuba yinyumba.

• Futhi ukhohlwe ngomhlalaphansi! Ukuze uthole isikhathi sokuphila esifinyelela kumadijithi amathathu, uzodinga ukusebenza kahle kulawo madijithi amathathu.

Isixhumanisi phakathi kwezibalo zabantu kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwe-GDP

Yize ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu kungasilungele i-GDP yezwe, akusho ukuthi i-GDP yezwe izophela. Uma izwe lingenza ukutshalwa kwezimali okunenhloso kwezemfundo nokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza, i-GDP yomuntu ngamunye ingakhula naphezu kokwehla kwenani labantu. Namuhla, ikakhulukazi, sibona amazinga okukhula okukhiqiza okwehla imihlathi ngenxa yobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo (izihloko ezivezwe ezahlukweni zangaphambilini).

Kodwa-ke, ukuthi izwe linquma ukwenza lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kuncike kakhulu kukhwalithi yokubusa kwalo kanye nezimali ezitholakalayo zokuthuthukisa isisekelo salo semali. Lezi zici zingase zisho usizi emazweni athile ase-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, nase-Asia asevele acwile ezikweletini, aphethwe ama-autocrats akhohlakele, futhi okulindeleke ukuthi inani labantu likhule ngo-2040. Kulawa mazwe, ukukhula ngokweqile kwezibalo zabantu kungase kube yingozi enkulu, sonke lesi sikhathi amazwe acebile, athuthukile awazungezile eqhubeka nokuceba.

Ukwenza buthaka amandla ezibalo zabantu

Ekuqaleni kwawo-2040, lapho izindlela zokwelapha ezinwetshiwe sezijwayele ukwenziwa, wonke umuntu emphakathini uzoqala ukucabanga isikhathi eside ngokuthi azihlela kanjani izimpilo zakhe—le ndlela yokucabanga entsha izobe isikwazisa ukuthi uvotela bani nokuthi yini abazoyisebenzela. , ngisho nalokho abakhetha ukusebenzisa imali yabo kukho.

Lokhu kushintshwa kancane kancane kuzophumela kubaholi nabaphathi bakahulumeni nezinkampani ezizoshintsha kancane kancane ukuhlela kwazo nokuhlela ibhizinisi ukuze zicabange isikhathi eside. Ngokwezinga elithile, lokhu kuzoholela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ezingaxhamazeli kangako futhi ezimelene nengozi eyengeziwe, ngaleyo ndlela kwengeze umphumela omusha wokuzinzisa umnotho esikhathini eside.

Umphumela oyingqopha-mlando kakhudlwana ongadalwa yile nguquko ukuguguleka kwesisho esaziwayo esithi, 'izibalo zabantu ziyikusasa.' Uma sonke isibalo sabantu siqala ukuphila isikhathi eside kakhulu (noma siphila ingunaphakade), izinzuzo zezomnotho zezwe elilodwa elinabantu abancane kancane ziqala ukuwohloka, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukukhiqiza kuya ngokuzenzakalelayo. 

Ikusasa lochungechunge lwezomnotho

Ukungalingani kwengcebo eyedlulele kubonisa ukuntengantenga komnotho womhlaba: Ikusasa lomnotho P1

Uguquko lwesithathu lwezimboni ukubangela ukuqubuka kokwehla kwamandla emali: Ikusasa Lomnotho P2

I-Automation ukukhishwa okusha: Ikusasa lomnotho P3

Uhlelo lwezomnotho oluzayo oluzowa amazwe asathuthuka: Ikusasa lomnotho P4

I-Universal Basic Income yelapha ukungasebenzi kwabantu abaningi: Ikusasa lomnotho P5

Ikusasa Lentela: Ikusasa Lomnotho P7

Yini ezothatha indawo yobungxiwankulu bendabuko: Ikusasa lomnotho P8