Kusanthula kwakukulu kwa deta kudzasintha bwanji chuma chathu

M'dziko lachangu, loyendetsedwa ndiukadaulo komwe ogula amatha kuyitanitsa chilichonse kuchokera ku pizza kupita ku Porsches pa intaneti, kwinaku akukonzanso maakaunti awo a Twitter, Facebook, ndi Instagram ndi swipe imodzi ya foni yawo yanzeru, sizosadabwitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa data yomwe ingakhale yothandiza dziko likukula modumphadumpha ndi malire.

M'malo mwake, malinga ndi IBM, tsiku lililonse anthu amapanga ma 2.5 quintillion byte of data. Zambiri zoterezi zimakhala zovuta kuzikonza chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwakukulu komanso zovuta, motero kupanga zomwe zimatchedwa "deta yayikulu."

Pofika chaka cha 2009, akuti mabizinesi m'magawo onse azachuma ku US okhala ndi antchito 1,000 kapena kupitilira apo adapanga pafupifupi ma terabytes 200 a data yosungidwa yomwe ingakhale yothandiza.

Kusanthula kwakukulu kwa data kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa gawo lililonse

Tsopano popeza pali zambiri zomwe zikuyandama, mabizinesi ndi mabungwe ena osiyanasiyana, komanso magawo amatha kuphatikiza ma data osiyanasiyana kuti atenge chidziwitso chilichonse chofunikira.

Wayne Hansen, manejala wa Student Technology Center pa Yunivesite ya New Brunswick ku Saint John akufotokoza zambiri ngati "mawu omveka omwe amafotokoza lingaliro loti tsopano titha kusanthula magulu akuluakulu a data. , sayansi, et cetera, ndipo tsopano mphamvu yamakompyuta yapeza liwiro lomwe limatilola kusanthula detayi mozama."

Chidwi chachikulu chaukadaulo cha Hansen ndi kulumikizana pakati paukadaulo ndi chikhalidwe. Amatha kufufuza chidwi ichi kudzera mu deta yaikulu. Mwachitsanzo zambiri zochokera kumizinda yanzeru, monga umbanda ndi mitengo yamisonkho, kuchuluka kwa anthu, komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu zitha kuwunikidwa kuti muwone zambiri za mzinda ndi chikhalidwecho.

Deta yayikulu imapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kuchokera kuzizindikiro za foni yam'manja ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kuti mugule zochitika pa intaneti ndi m'masitolo, deta ikupangidwa ndikusinthidwa nthawi zonse kutizungulira. Izi zitha kusungidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo.

Pali mbali zitatu zofunika za deta yaikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza m'misika yosiyanasiyana, zimadziwika kuti ndi zitatu za v; voliyumu, liwiro, ndi zosiyanasiyana. Voliyumu, ponena za kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe imapangidwa ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, kufika ku terabytes ndi petabytes. Kuthamanga, kutanthauza liwiro limene deta imapezedwa ndi kusinthidwa isanakhale yosafunika mkati mwa gawo linalake kapena poyerekeza ndi ma data ena. Ndipo kusiyanasiyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusiyanasiyana pakati pa mitundu yama data yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapangitsa zotsatira ndi zoneneratu zabwinoko ndi zolondola.

Kusanthula kwakukulu kwa data kumakhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu m'misika yosiyanasiyana. Kuyambira nyengo ndi ukadaulo, mpaka mabizinesi ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, deta yayikulu imakhala ndi mwayi wopititsa patsogolo malonda, zokolola, ndi kulosera zam'tsogolo zazinthu, malonda ndi ntchito. Mwayi wake ndi wopanda malire.

"Cholinga chake ndi chakuti ndi deta yokwanira zambiri zonse zimakhala zodziwikiratu," akutero Hansen. Zitsanzo zimatha kuwululidwa, machitidwe okhazikika, ndipo ziwerengero zimawonekera. Ndi maulosi otere pamabwera mpikisano watsopano pafupifupi gawo lililonse. Kusanthula kwakukulu kwa deta kumakhala kofunika kwambiri pakuchita bwino kapena kulephera kwa bizinesi yatsopano, ndikupanga zatsopano.

Tangoganizani kukhala wogwira ntchito pakampani yomwe imapanga zovala za azimayi omwe amawakonda kwambiri omwe ali ndi zaka zapakati pa XNUMX mpaka XNUMX. Kodi sizingakhale zosavuta, komanso zopindulitsa, ngati mutha kuneneratu mwachangu komanso molondola zomwe zingatheke kuti muthe kugulitsa zidendene zofiira sequin?

Ndipamene kusanthula kwakukulu kwa deta kumabwera. Ngati mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ziwerengero zonse zoyenera, monga momwe akazi angati adalamula nsapato zazitali zofiira pa intaneti, ndi angati omwe adalembapo za iwo, kapena adayika mavidiyo a Youtube ponena za zidendene zofiira, ndiye inu. mutha kuneneratu molondola momwe mankhwala anu achitira asanafike ngakhale pamashelefu.Motero kuchotsa ntchito yongoyerekeza ndikuwonjezera kuthekera kochita bwino.

Kuthekera kopanga maulosi otere kukukhala kufunikira kokulirakulira ndipo motero ndikukula kwa kusanthula kwakukulu kwa data.

Pulse Group PLC, bungwe lofufuza za digito ku Asia, ndi kampani imodzi yomwe yalumpha pagulu lalikulu la data. Pulse akufuna kupanga ndalama zazikulu posachedwapa m'munda womwe ukukula. Dongosolo lawo lazachuma limaphatikizapo kupanga malo atsopano owunikira deta ku Cyberjaya.

Malo oterowo atha kukhala ndi udindo wolemba zonse zomwe kasitomala akufuna ndikuwunika mwachangu komanso moyenera kuti apeze zambiri zofunika, monga machitidwe ndi kulumikizana komwe kungakhale kothandiza pabizinesi kapena zolinga za kasitomala.

"Titha kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwakukulu kwa data," akutero Hansen, "ndipo kunena momveka bwino." Ma generalizations awa ali ndi kuthekera kokweza gawo lililonse, kuphatikiza bizinesi, maphunziro, media media, ndiukadaulo.

Makampani ambiri ali ndi deta yomwe amafunikira kuti adzineneratu, koma alibe mphamvu yogwirizanitsa matumba osiyanasiyana a deta ndikuphwanya m'njira yotere kuti ikhale yothandiza.

A Bob Chua, wamkulu wa Pulse, avomereza kuti ntchito yawo yayikulu yatsopano, yotchedwa Pulsate, ikhoza kukhala cholinga chawo chachikulu. Kusuntha kwanzeru zachuma monga msika waukulu wa data ukuyembekezeka kukula kupitilira $50 biliyoni pazaka zisanu zikubwerazi.

M'zaka zitatu zikubwerazi Pulsate ikukonzekera kupita patsogolo pakusanthula kwakukulu kwa data ndikupanga ntchito 200 zapamwamba za asayansi a data. "Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula deta kudzafunika luso lapadera," akutero Hansen, "kutsegula mwayi watsopano."

Kuti agwire ntchito zatsopanozi, antchito ayenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino. Gulu la Pulse likufunanso kuyambitsa imodzi mwa maphunziro oyambirira a maphunziro a asayansi padziko lonse lapansi kuti atsatire malo awo atsopano owunikira deta, ndikukwaniritsa kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa akatswiri ofufuza deta.

Zambiri zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zina zabwino padziko lamaphunziro kupatula kungopereka mwayi watsopano ndi zokumana nazo zophunzirira. Hansen akunena kuti khalidwe la ophunzira likhoza kufufuzidwa kudzera mu deta yaikulu kuti ipititse patsogolo gawo la maphunziro. "Pamapeto pake cholinga chake ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kuti ziwongolere zomwe ophunzira amakumana nazo [ndi] kuwonjezera manambala osunga."

Pakati pa kupangidwa kwa ntchito zatsopano ndi mwayi wamaphunziro, ndi zoneneratu zomwe zingatheke komanso kukula kwa bizinesi, deta yaikulu ikuwoneka ngati chinthu chabwino. Komabe, pali zovuta ndi zolakwika zomwe zimakhalapo pakusanthula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chochuluka chotere.

Vuto limodzi lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa ndiloti chidziwitso ndi masewera aulere kuti mabungwe osiyanasiyana agwiritse ntchito ngati ma seti awo a data. Nkhani zokhuza zachinsinsi ndi chitetezo ziyenera kuthetsedwa. Komanso yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso ndi funso lomwe liyenera kuyankhidwa. Pamene deta imatumizidwa mosalekeza ndikulandira mzere pakati pa chidziwitso chaumwini ndi malo a anthu onse sawoneka bwino.

Chachiwiri sizinthu zonse zomwe zili zothandiza, kapena zilibe ntchito pokhapokha zitawunikidwa bwino. Ma seti ena a data sangatanthauze kanthu pokhapokha ataphatikizidwa ndi data yoyenera komanso yoyenera. Kutanthauza kuti pokhapokha ngati kampani ili ndi mwayi wopeza zonse zomwe ikufuna komanso kudziwa momwe angazipezere ndikuzisanthula moyenera, ndiye kuti deta yayikulu ndiyongowononga nthawi yawo.

Komanso deta ikukula mofulumira kwambiri. Makumi asanu ndi anayi pa XNUMX aliwonse azinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi adapangidwa zaka ziwiri zapitazi zokha, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikukulirakulira. Ngati deta yatsopano yofunikira ikupangidwa mofulumira kuposa momwe tingayankhire, ndiye kuti kusanthula kwakukulu kwa deta kumakhala kosafunika. Kupatula apo, zotulukapo zake zimangofanana ndi zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.