Mphamvu ya Thorium: Njira yothetsera mphamvu yobiriwira ku zida zanyukiliya

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• August 11, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kukula kwa China kwa zida zanyukiliya zamchere zopangidwa ndi thorium zopangidwa ndi thorium kukuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwamphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikupereka njira yochulukirapo komanso yotetezeka kuposa uranium. Ukadaulowu sumangolonjeza zabwino zachilengedwe pochepetsa zinyalala zapoizoni ndi mpweya wa carbon komanso zimayika dziko la China kukhala mtsogoleri wokhoza kutulutsa mphamvu zokhazikika. Komabe, nkhawa zokhudzana ndi nthawi yayitali komanso chitetezo cha ma reactors awa, makamaka zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mchere wosungunuka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika Uranium-233, zikuyenera kuthetsedwa.

Mphamvu ya Thorium

Mu 2021, China idadabwitsa gawo lamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi polengeza kuti yamaliza kukonza makina opangira nyukiliya amchere opangidwa ndi thorium. Tekinoloje ina yamagetsi iyi ikhoza kukhala yogulitsa pofika 2030. 

Mafuta a nyukiliya opangidwa ndi thorium amagwiritsira ntchito mchere wosungunuka ndi thorium kapena uranium kuti apange mphamvu. China idasankha anthurium chifukwa chokhala ndi zitsulo zambiri mdziko muno. Ma reactors a Uranium kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi amafunikiranso madzi kuti aziziziritsa, ndikuwonjezera zopinga za chilengedwe pakumanga kwawo. Kumbali inayi, makina a thorium amagwiritsa ntchito mchere wosungunula poyendetsa kutentha ndi kuziziritsa kwa reactor, kuchotsa kufunikira kulikonse komanga pafupi ndi madzi. Komabe, thorium iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala Uranium 233 (U 233) kudzera mu bombardment ya nyukiliya kuti ayambitse zomwe zikuchitika. U 233 imakhala ndi radioactive kwambiri.

Ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'manyukiliya amchere opangidwa ndi thorium-fueled osungunuka amchere akuti ndi otetezeka chifukwa kuyatsa kwamadzi kumachepetsa chiwopsezo cha zomwe zimachitika ndikuwononga zida zanyukiliya. Kuphatikiza apo, ma reactors a thorium ndi ochezeka kwambiri ndi chilengedwe chifukwa kuwotcha kwa thorium sikutulutsa plutonium yapoizoni, mosiyana ndi ma reactors opangidwa ndi uranium. Komabe, mcherewo ukhoza kuwononga kapangidwe ka makinawo pakatentha kwambiri. Kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mchere kumatha kutenga zaka zisanu mpaka 10 kuti ziwonekere, kotero momwe ma reactor awa angachitire pakapita nthawi sizikudziwika.

Zosokoneza

Kukula kwa ma reactors opangidwa ndi thorium ndi China kungapangitse kuti China ikhale yodziyimira pawokha mphamvu, kuchepetsa kudalira katundu wa uranium kuchokera kumayiko omwe ali ndi ubale wovuta. Kusintha kochita bwino kupita ku ma reactors a thorium kungathandize dziko la China kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso zotetezeka. Kusinthaku n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa dziko lino likudalira kwambiri uranium, yomwe ili yochepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imachokera kumayiko ovuta.

Kuthekera kofala kwa ma reactors opangidwa ndi thorium kumapereka njira yodalirika yochepetsera kwambiri mpweya wa kaboni. Pofika chaka cha 2040, izi zitha kuthandizira kutha kwa magetsi opangidwa ndi mafuta, monga magetsi oyaka ndi malasha, omwe pakali pano akuthandizira kwambiri kuwononga chilengedwe komanso kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Kusintha kwa ma reactors a thorium kungagwirizane ndi zolinga za mphamvu ndi kudzipereka kwapadziko lonse kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon. Kuphatikiza apo, kusinthaku kudzawonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwaukadaulo wina wanyukiliya.

Kutsogolo kwapadziko lonse lapansi, luso la China paukadaulo wa thorium reactor likhoza kuyiyika ngati mtsogoleri pakupanga mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi. Ukadaulowu umapereka njira ina yocheperapo kuposa mphamvu yanyukiliya yakale, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala njira yabwino yotumizira kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene. Komabe, chenjezo ndilofunika chifukwa chopanga Uranium-233, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zophulika ndi zida za uranium. Izi zikugogomezera kufunika kokhala ndi chitetezo chokhazikika komanso kuwongolera pakupanga ndi kutumizidwa kwa ma reactors a thorium, kuti apewe kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika Uranium-233.

Zotsatira za mphamvu ya thorium 

Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zamtsogolo za mphamvu ya thorium pamisika yamagetsi zitha kukhala:

• Mayiko ochulukirapo omwe akupanga ndalama zopanga makina osungunuka amchere chifukwa amatha kumangidwa motetezeka kulikonse, komanso mphamvu zawo zobiriwira. 
• Kafukufuku wowonjezereka wa njira zopangira ma radioactive m'malo mwa uranium zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu zida zanyukiliya.
• Malo opangira magetsi ochulukirapo akumangidwa m'madera akumidzi ndi owuma, zomwe zikupangitsa kuti chuma chichuluke m'maderawa. 
• Kafukufuku wamtsogolo womanga ma reactors a thorium mkati mwazinthu zapagulu ndi zida zankhondo, monga zonyamulira ndege. 
• Mayiko akumadzulo omwe akuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito njira za geopolitical kuti aletse China kutumiza kunja kwa thorium reactor teknoloji chifukwa izi zingayambitse mpikisano wopititsa patsogolo ntchito zawo zogulitsa mphamvu.
• Thorium ikufananizidwa molakwika ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya pazama TV, zomwe zimayambitsa zionetsero zochokera kwa anthu am'deralo komwe ma reactors a thorium akufunsidwa kuti amange. 

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukukhulupirira kuti mbali zobiriwira za mphamvu zopangidwa ndi thorium zitha kupindulitsa kwambiri anthu motsutsana ndi kuthekera kwake kowononga kudzera mum'badwo wowonjezereka wa U 233?
• Kodi kutsogolera kwa China pakupanga mphamvu za thorium kungakhudze bwanji malo ake muzaka za m'ma 2030?