Tamarta Thorium: Xalka tamarta cagaaran ee tamarta nukliyeerka

• About the Author:
• Magaca qoraaga

  Quantumrun Aragtida Saadaasha
• Ogosto 11, 2022

Soo koobid aragti

Horumarinta Shiinuhu ee thorium-ta shidan ee tamarta nukliyeerka ah ee dhalaalaysa waxay calaamad u tahay isbeddel weyn oo ku yimid dhaqdhaqaaqa tamarta caalamiga ah, oo bixisa badiil aad u badan oo suurtagal ah oo ka badbaado badan uranium-ka. Farsamadan kaliya ma ballan qaadayso faa'iidooyinka deegaanka iyadoo yaraynaysa qashinka sunta ah iyo qiiqa kaarboonka laakiin sidoo kale waxay Shiinaha u dhigaysaa hogaamiye suurtagal ah dhoofinta tamarta waarta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, welwelka ku saabsan waxqabadka muddada-dheer iyo badbaadada reactors-yadan, gaar ahaan ku saabsan saamaynta wasakhaysan ee milixda dhalaalaysa iyo si xun u isticmaalka Uranium-233, ayaa weli ah in si buuxda wax looga qabto.

Macnaha guud ee tamarta Thorium

Sannadkii 2021, Shiinuhu waxa uu ka yaabsaday waaxda tamarta adduunka isaga oo ku dhawaaqay dhammaystirka dab-dhaliye milix ah oo dhalaalay. Tignoolajiyadan tamarta beddelka ah waxay noqon kartaa mid ganacsi ahaan la heli karo 2030ka. 

Dareeraha nukliyeerka ee milixda dhalaalay ee Thorium-ku waxay isticmaalaan isku-dhafan milix dhalaalaysa oo leh thorium ama uranium si ay u soo saaraan tamar. Shiinuhu wuxuu doortay thorium sababtoo ah birta ayaa dalka ku badan. Wariyeyaasha Uranium-ka ee meelo kale oo adduunka ah ayaa sidoo kale u baahan biyo si ay u qaboojiyaan, iyaga oo ku daraya caqabado juqraafi ah dhismahooda. Dhinaca kale, reactor-ka thorium-ku waxa uu u isticmaalaa milix dhalaalaysa raridda kulaylka iyo qaboojinta reactor-ka labadaba, taas oo meesha ka saaraysa baahi kasta oo loo qabo dhisme u dhow meel biyo ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, thorium waa in loo beddelaa Uranium 233 (U 233) iyada oo loo marayo duqaynta nukliyeerka si loo bilaabo falcelinta. U 233 waa shucaac aad u sarreeya.

Tignoolajiyada loo isticmaalo dab-dhaliyayaasha nukliyeerka ee thorium-ku shidan ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay ka badbaado badan tahay maadaama dareeraha gubanaya ay yareeyaan halista fal-celintu inay faraha ka baxdo oo ay waxyeeleyso dhismooyinka reactor-ka. Intaa waxaa dheer, reactors thorium aad bay ugu fiican yihiin bay'ada maadaama gubasho thorium aysan soo saarin plutonium sun ah, oo ka duwan reactors uranium-ka ku shaqeeya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, milixdu waxay dumin kartaa qaab dhismeedka reactor-ka heerkulka sare. Daxalka ay sababto waxyeelada milixdu waxay qaadan kartaa shan ilaa 10 sano si ay isu muujiyaan, markaa sida reacter-yadani u shaqayn karaan muddo ka dib wali si buuxda looma xaqiijin.

Saamaynta qaska

Horumarinta reactors-ka thorium-ku-salaysan ee Shiinuhu waxay u horseedi kartaa Shiinaha madax-bannaani tamareed, hoos u dhigista ku tiirsanaanta uranium-ka laga soo dhoofiyo waddamada ay la leedahay xiriirka diblomaasiyadeed ee kacsan. U gudubka guusha leh ee loo maro reactors thorium ayaa u sahlaysa Shiinaha in uu galo ilo tamar oo aad u badan oo suurtagal ah. Isbeddelkan ayaa si gaar ah muhiim u ah marka loo eego sida weyn ee dalku hadda ugu tiirsan yahay uranium-ka, oo ah mid aad u tiro yar oo inta badan laga keeno habab juqraafiyeed oo adag.

Qaadashada suurtogalka ah ee baahsan ee reactors-ku-saleysan thorium waxay soo bandhigaysaa dariiq rajo leh oo lagu dhimi karo qiiqa kaarboonka. Marka la gaadho 2040, tani waxa ay fududayn kartaa in meesha laga saaro ilaha tamarta ku salaysan shidaalka, sida dhirta tamarta laga shido ee dhuxusha, kuwaas oo hadda qayb weyn ka qaata wasakhowga deegaanka iyo qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo. U gudubka reactors thorium ayaa sidaas la jaan qaadi kara yoolalka tamarta iyo ballanqaadyada caalamiga ah si loo yareeyo qiiqa kaarboonka. Intaa waxaa dheer, isbeddelkaani wuxuu muujin doonaa adeegsiga baaxadda weyn ee la taaban karo ee tignoolajiyada kale ee nukliyeerka.

Dhinaca caalamiga ah, aqoonta Shiinaha ee farsamada thorium reactor waxay u dhigi kartaa hoggaamiye hal-abuurnimada tamarta caalamiga ah. Farsamadani waxa ay bixisa wax ka badalka hubka Nukliyeerka ee dhaqanka, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid soo jiidasho leh oo loo dhoofiyo wadamada soo koraya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xusuusin taxaddar ayaa lama huraan ah sababtoo ah soo saarista suurtagalka ah ee Uranium-233, oo ah wax soo saarka thorium reactors oo loo isticmaali karo walxaha qarxa iyo hubka uranium-ka. Dhinacani waxa uu hoosta ka xariiqayaa baahida loo qabo badbaadada adag iyo tillaabooyin sharciyeed ee horumarinta iyo geynta reactors thorium, si looga hortago si xun u isticmaalka Uranium-233.

Saamaynta tamarta thorium 

Saamaynta ballaadhan ee saamaynta mustaqbalka tamarta thorium ee suuqyada tamarta waxa ka mid noqon kara:

• Wadamo badan oo maalgashanaya horumarinta reactor-ka dhalaalay ee milixda sababtoo ah awooddooda in si badbaado leh loogu dhiso meel kasta, oo ay la socoto wax soo saarkooda tamarta cagaaran. 
• Cilmi-baadhisyo badan oo lagu sameeyay beddelka shucaaca shucaaca ee uranium-ka oo loo isticmaali karo reactors nukliyeerka.
• Warshado koronto oo badan ayaa laga dhisayaa miyiga iyo gobollada oomanaha ah, taasoo sii kicinaysa kobaca dhaqaalaha deegaannadaas. 
• Cilmi-baadhis mustaqbalka ah oo lagu dhisayo reactors thorium gudaha kaabayaasha dadweynaha iyo hantida millatariga, sida kuwa qaada diyaaradaha. 
• Wadamada reer galbeedka oo isku dayaya in ay adeegsadaan tabo-siyaasadeed si ay u xakameeyaan dhoofinta Shiinaha ee tignoolajiyada thorium reactor maadaama ay khatar ku tahay hindisayaasha dhoofinta tamarta.
• Thorium oo si aan sax ahayn loo barbar dhigay tamarta nukliyeerka ee warbaahinta bulshada, taasoo keentay mudaaharaadyo ka imanaya dadweynaha maxalliga ah halkaas oo reactors thorium loo soo jeediyay in la dhiso. 

Su'aalaha la tixgeliyo

• Ma rumaysan tahay in dhinacyada cagaarka ah ee tamarta thorium-abuuray ay si weyn uga faa'iidaysan karaan bulshada marka loo eego awooddeeda wax baabi'inta iyada oo loo marayo jiilka korodhay ee U 233?
• Sidee looga yaabaa in hogaanka Shiinaha ee wax soo saarka tamarta thorium uu saameyn ku yeesho booskiisa istiraatijiyadeed ee 2030-yada?