Inyama ekhulisiwe: Ukuqeda amapulazi ezilwane

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Inyama ekhulisiwe: Ukuqeda amapulazi ezilwane

Inyama ekhulisiwe: Ukuqeda amapulazi ezilwane

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
Inyama ekhulisiwe ingase inikeze enye indlela esimeme kuneyendabuko yezolimo yezilwane.
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    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • September 5, 2022

    Isifinyezo sokuqonda

    Inyama ekhulisiwe, ekhuliswe kumalebhu evela kumaseli ezilwane, inikeza enye indlela esimeme futhi enesimilo esikhundleni sokufuya inyama yesintu. Igwema ukuhlatshwa kwezilwane futhi inciphisa imithelela yemvelo, nakuba ingakabizi kangako noma yamukelwe kabanzi njengenyama evamile. Njengoba iSingapore ihola ekuvunyweni kokusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano, amanye amazwe kancane kancane aqhubekela ekwamukelweni okulawulwayo, okungenzeka aguqule isimo sokudla sesikhathi esizayo.

    Umongo wenyama ekhulisiwe

    Inyama ekhuliswayo yenziwa ngokuthatha amaseli esilwaneni futhi iwakhulise endaweni elawulwayo yelabhorethri kunasepulazini. Ngokuqondile, ukuze kukhiqizwe inyama etshaliwe, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zivuna ucezu lwesicubu ezinkomo noma enkukhuni ukuze zenze inyama ekhulisiwe, bese zibheka amangqamuzana angase aphindaphindeke. Ukuqoqwa kwesampula yeseli kwenziwa nge-biopsy, ngokuhlukanisa amaseli amaqanda, amaseli enyama akhuliswa ngokwesiko, noma amaseli atholakala kumabhange amaseli. (Lawa mabhange ngokuvamile asungulelwa kusengaphambili ucwaningo lwezokwelapha nokukhiqizwa komgomo.)

    Isinyathelo sesibili siwukuthola imisoco, amaprotheni namavithamini amangqamuzana angase asebenzise. Ngokufanayo nendlela inkukhu ekhuliswe ngayo ngokujwayelekile ithola amangqamuzana nokudla okuvela kusoya kanye nommbila ewunikwayo, amangqamuzana angawodwa angakwazi ukumunca umsoco elebhu.

    Abacwaningi bathi kunezinzuzo eziningi ngenyama ekhulisiwe:

    1. Isimama kakhudlwana, idinga izinsiza ezimbalwa, futhi ikhiqiza ukukhishwa okuncane okuncane.
    2. Inempilo kunenyama yesintu ngoba ayinawo ama-antibiotics noma ama-hormone okukhula futhi ingasungulwa ukuze ibe nomsoco.
    3. Yehlisa ubungozi kanye nokusabalala kwamagciwane asuka ezilwaneni aye kubantu, njengama-coronavirus.
    4. Futhi kubhekwa njengokuziphatha okuhle kakhulu ngoba akubandakanyi ukuhlaba izilwane noma ukuguqula isimo somzimba wazo.

    Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yo-2010, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza inyama bukhula, ochwepheshe bokudla baqala ukuqhela egameni elithi “inyama ekhule elebhu.” Esikhundleni salokho, izinkampani ezibambe iqhaza zaqala ukuphromotha amanye amagama, njengenyama etshaliwe, ekhulisiwe, esekelwe kumaseli, ekhuliswe ngamaseli, noma engahlatshiwe, abathi inembe kakhudlwana. 

    Umthelela ophazamisayo

    Ekuqaleni kwawo-2020, ezinye izinkampani sezikhiqize ngempumelelo futhi zakhangisa ngenyama egayiwe, njenge-Mosa Meat eseNetherlands, ekhiqiza inyama yenkomo etshaliwe. Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kwenyama ekhethiwe sekuthuthukile, ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukudayiswa ngobuningi ezindaweni zokudlela nezitolo ezinkulu kukude. Abacwaningi abaningi baphikisa ngokuthi inyama ekhulisiwe ngeke ithathe indawo yemboni yenyama yendabuko kuze kube ngemva kuka-2030.

    Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayikho imithetho yomhlaba wonke eyengamele indlela inyama elinywa ngayo ekhiqizwa noma yabiwa ngayo; kodwa kusukela ngo-2023, i-Singapore ukuphela kwezwe elagunyaza inyama esekelwe kumaseli ukuthi idliwe ngokuhweba. NgoNovemba 2022, i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yathumela incwadi ethi “akunamibuzo” ku-Upside Foods, ekhombisa ukuthi umlawuli ubheka inqubo yenkampani yenkukhu ekhuliswa ngamaseli njengephephile ukuthi ingadliwa abantu. Nokho, ukutholakala kwangempela kwale mikhiqizo ezimakethe zase-US kusalinde ukugunyazwa okwengeziwe okuvela eMnyangweni Wezolimo (i-USDA) ukuze kuhlolwe indawo, amamaki okuhlolwa, kanye nokulebula. 

    Ukukhiqiza inyama ekhulisiwe nakho akubizi kahle ngenxa yezinqubo zayo eziqinile nezikhethekile zokukhiqiza, kubiza cishe kabili inyama efuywa ngokwesintu. Ukwengeza, inyama ekhulisiwe ayikwazi okwamanje ukuphindaphinda ukunambitheka kwenyama yangempela, nakuba ukuthungwa nemicu yenyama etshalwayo kuyakholisa. Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, inyama etshalwayo ingase ibe enye indlela esimeme, enempilo, futhi enesimilo esikhundleni sokulima kwendabuko. Futhi ngokusho kwe-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, imboni yenyama ekhulisiwe ingaba yisixazululo esihle kakhulu sokunciphisa intuthu ephuma emhlabeni wonke evela ochungechungeni lokukhiqiza ukudla. 

    Imithelela yenyama ekhulisiwe

    Imithelela ebanzi yenyama ekhulisiwe ingase ihlanganise: 

    • Izindleko zehliswe ngendlela emangalisayo kanye nokutholakala okukhulu kwemikhiqizo yenyama ngasekupheleni kwawo-2030. Inyama ekhulisiwe izomela ubuchwepheshe bokunciphisa amandla emali embonini yokudla. 
    • Ukwanda kokuthengwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha (uhlobo lwesishoshovu sabathengi olusekelwe kumqondo wokuvota kwedola).
    • Abalimi batshala imali kwezinye izimakethe zokudla futhi baqondise kabusha izinsiza zabo ukuze bakhiqize ukudla okwenziwa (isb., inyama yokwenziwa kanye nobisi).
    • Izinkampani ezikhiqiza ukudla kanye nezinkampani zokudla ezisheshayo zitshala kancane kancane kwezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe benyama, kanye nezinsiza. 
    • Ohulumeni abagqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zokudla zokwenziwa ngekhefu lentela, izibonelelo, kanye noxhaso lwezimali zocwaningo.
    • Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kazwelonke kuncishisiwe kulawo mazwe abantu bawo abasebenzisa kabanzi izinketho zokudla kwenyama ekhulisiwe.

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Ikuphi okunye ukudla kokwenziwa okungase kuvele esikhathini esizayo okusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obukhulisiwe?
    • Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo ezingaba khona kanye nezingozi zokushintshela inyama ekhulisiwe?

    Izinkomba zokuqonda

    Izixhumanisi ezilandelayo ezidumile nezikhungo zibhekiselwe kulo mbono:

    Isikhungo Sokudla Esihle Isayensi yenyama etshaliwe