Imikhankaso ye-Neurorights: Ibiza ubumfihlo be-neuro

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• June 16, 2023

Njengoba i-neurotechnology iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuphulwa kobumfihlo nakho kuyaqina. Kunengozi ekhulayo yokuthi ulwazi lomuntu siqu oluvela ku-brain-computer interface (BCIs) namanye amathuluzi ahlobene angasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezingase zibe yingozi. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa imithetho evimbela kakhulu ngokushesha kungakhinyabeza inqubekelaphambili yezokwelapha kulo mkhakha, okwenza kubaluleke ukulinganisela ukuvikela ubumfihlo kanye nentuthuko yesayensi.

Ingqikithi yemikhankaso ye-Neurorights

I-Neurotechnology isetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekubaleni amathuba okuba izigebengu zenze obunye ubugebengu kuye ekuhlukaniseni imicabango yabantu abakhubazekile ukuze babasize baxhumane ngemibhalo. Kodwa-ke, ingozi yokusetshenziswa kabi ekuguquleni izinkumbulo nokugxambukela emicabangweni ihlala iphezulu kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokubikezela bungase buhlupheke ngokuchema kwe-algorithmic ngokumelene nabantu abavela emiphakathini encishwe amathuba, ngakho ukwamukela ukusetshenziswa kwabo kubabeka engozini. 

Njengoba okugqokwa kwe-neurotech kungena emakethe, izinkinga ezihlobene nokuqoqa kanye nokuthengisa idatha yemizwa kanye nomsebenzi wobuchopho zingase zikhuphuke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinsongo zokusebenzisa kabi uhulumeni ngendlela yokuhlushwa nokushintsha inkumbulo. Izishoshovu ze-Neurorights zigcizelela ukuthi izakhamizi zinelungelo lokuvikela imicabango yazo nokuthi ukuguqula noma ukungenela kufanele kuvalwe. 

Nokho, le mizamo ayihlanganisi ukuvinjelwa kocwaningo lwe-neurotechnology kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kukhawulelwe ezinzuzweni zezempilo kuphela. Amazwe amaningana asethutha kakade ukuze avikele izakhamuzi zawo. Isibonelo, iSpain yaphakamisa i-Digital Rights Charter, futhi i-Chile yaphasisa isichibiyelo ukuze inikeze izakhamuzi zayo amalungelo emizwa. Nokho, abanye ochwepheshe baphikisa ngokuthi ukushaywa kwemithetho kulesi sigaba kusenesikhathi.

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Imikhankaso ye-Neurorights iphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuziphatha kwe-neurotechnology. Yize kunezinzuzo ezingaba khona zokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ngezinjongo zokwelapha, njengokwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, kukhona ukukhathazeka mayelana nezixhumanisi zobuchopho-khompuyutha (BCIs) zokudlala noma ukusetshenziswa kwezempi. Izishoshovu ze-Neurorights ziphikisa ngokuthi ohulumeni kufanele basungule imihlahlandlela yokuziphatha kulobu buchwepheshe futhi basebenzise izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukucwasa nokuphulwa kobumfihlo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-neurorights kungase kube nomthelela ngekusasa lomsebenzi. Njengoba i-neurotechnology ithuthuka, kungase kwenzeke ukuqapha umsebenzi wobuchopho babasebenzi ukuze kutholwe ukukhiqiza kwabo noma izinga lokuzibandakanya. Lo mkhuba ungaholela ohlotsheni olusha lokucwasa olusekelwe emaphethini okusebenza kwengqondo. Izishoshovu ze-Neurorights zifuna imithethonqubo yokuvimbela imikhuba enjalo futhi iqinisekise ukuthi amalungelo abasebenzi avikelekile.

Okokugcina, udaba lwama-neurorights lugqamisa impikiswano ebanzi mayelana nendima yobuchwepheshe emphakathini. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buya ngokuya buthuthuka futhi buhlanganiswa ezimpilweni zethu, kunokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nethuba lokuthi busetshenziswe ukuhlukumeza amalungelo nenkululeko yethu. Njengoba imikhankaso yokuziphatha emelene nokusetshenziswa kabi kobuchwepheshe iqhubeka nokuba nomfutho, ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-neurotechnology cishe kuzolawulwa kakhulu futhi kuqashwe.

Imithelela yemikhankaso ye-neurorights

Imithelela ebanzi yemikhankaso ye-neurorights ingase ihlanganise:

• Abantu abaningi abenqaba ukusebenzisa amadivaysi e-neurotech kubumfihlo nezizathu zenkolo. 
• Izizwe kanye nezifunda/izifundazwe eziphethe izinkampani ezisebenzisa futhi ezithuthukisa lobu buchwepheshe ngokuya ziba nesibopho futhi zibe nesibopho sezomthetho. Lo mkhuba ungase ubandakanye imithetho eminingi, izikweletu, nezichibiyelo zomthethosisekelo eziqondene ngqo nama-neurorights. 
• Imikhankaso ye-Neurorights icindezela ohulumeni ukuthi baqaphele ukuhlukahluka kwemizwa njengelungelo lomuntu futhi baqinisekise ukuthi abantu abanezimo zemizwa bayafinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, imfundo, namathuba omsebenzi. 
• Ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe ku-neuroeconomy, ukudala amathuba emisebenzi amasha kanye nokushayela emisha kuma-BCIs, neuroimaging, kanye ne-neuromodulation. Nokho, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase futhi kuphakamise imibuzo yokuziphatha mayelana nokuthi ubani ozuzayo kulobu buchwepheshe nokuthi ubani othwala izindleko.
• Amazinga okuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe adinga ukuba sobala okukhulu, okuhlanganisa nezinhlaka zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nokuqoqwa nokusetshenziswa kwedatha.
• Ubuchwepheshe obusha be-neurotechnologies, njengamadivayisi we-EEG agqokekayo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqeqesha ubuchopho, zinikeza abantu amandla okuqapha nokulawula umsebenzi wabo wobuchopho.
• Izinselelo kumibono engaguquki kanye nokuqagela mayelana nobuchopho "obujwayelekile" noma "obunempilo", okubonisa ukuhlukahluka kokuhlangenwe nakho kwemizwa kumasiko ahlukene, ubulili, namaqembu obudala. 
• Ukuqashelwa okukhulu kokukhubazeka kwemizwa emsebenzini kanye nesidingo sendawo yokuhlala nokusekelwa. 
• Imibuzo yezimiso zokuziphatha mayelana nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa kwezempi noma kwezomthetho, njengokutholwa kwamanga okusekelwe ebuchosheni noma ukufunda ingqondo. 
• Izinguquko endleleni izimo zemizwa ezitholwa futhi zelashwe ngayo, njengokubona ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa okugxiliswe esigulini kanye nemithi yomuntu siqu. 

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ungathembela ekusebenziseni izisetshenziswa ze-neurotech?
• Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi ukwesaba mayelana nokwephulwa kwe-neurorights kweqile ngokusekelwe ebuntwaneni balobu buchwepheshe?