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Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesigwebo, ukuboshwa, nokuvuselelwa: Ikusasa lomthetho P4

UDavid Tal, Umshicileli, i-Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
I-LinkedIn

Msombuluko, 09/14/2020 - 10:58

Uhlelo lwethu lwamajele luphukile. Emazweni amaningi omhlaba, amajele ahlala ephula amalungelo abantu ayisisekelo, kuyilapho amazwe athuthukile ebopha iziboshwa ngaphezu kokuba aziguqule.

E-United States, ukwehluleka kwesimiso samajele kubonakala kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, i-US ibopha amaphesenti angama-25 eziboshwa emhlabeni-lokho Iziboshwa ezingama-760 kwizakhamizi eziyi-100,000 (2012) uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Brazil ngo-242 noma i-Germany ngo-90. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi i-US inesibalo esikhulu sabantu basejele emhlabeni, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwekusasa kunomthelela omkhulu wokuthi umhlaba wonke ucabanga kanjani ngokuphatha izigebengu. Yingakho uhlelo lwase-US lugxile kulesi sahluko.

Kodwa-ke, ushintsho oludingekayo ukuze senze uhlelo lwethu lokuboshwa lusebenze kangcono futhi lube nobuntu ngeke lwenzeke ngaphakathi—uhlu lwamandla angaphandle luyoqinisekisa lokho.

Amathrendi anomthelela ekushintsheni ohlelweni lwamajele

Ukuguqulwa kwejele bekuyinkinga yezepolitiki eshisayo amashumi eminyaka. Ngokwesiko, akekho usopolitiki ofuna ukubukeka ebuthakathaka ebugebengwini futhi bambalwa emphakathini abangacabangi kakhulu ngenhlalakahle yezigebengu.

E-US, ngeminyaka yawo-1980 yaqala “impi yezidakamizwa” eza nezinqubomgomo zesigwebo ezinokhahlo, ikakhulukazi isikhathi sasejele esiyisibopho. Umphumela oqondile walezi zinqubomgomo kwaba ukuqhuma kweziboshwa ezisuka ngaphansi kuka-300,000 ngo-1970 (cishe iziboshwa eziyi-100 kweziyi-100,000) zaya ezigidini ezingu-1.5 ngo-2010 (iziboshwa ezingaphezu kuka-700 kweziyi-100,000)—futhi masingakhohlwa ukukhululwa kashwele kwezigidi ezine.

Njengoba umuntu ebengalindela, iningi lalabo abagxishwe emajele kwakungabaphula umthetho wezidakamizwa, okungukuthi imilutha kanye nabadayisi bezidakamizwa abasezingeni eliphansi. Ngeshwa, iningi lalezi zigebengu lalivela ezindaweni ezimpofu, ngaleyo ndlela zengeza ukucwasa ngokobuhlanga kanye nezimpi zezigaba ekusetshenzisweni okuvele kuyimpikiswano yokuboshwa. Le miphumela engemihle, ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela ezisafufusa zezenhlalo nezobuchwepheshe, iholela embewini ebanzi, ehlangene ebheke ekuguqulweni okuphelele kobulungiswa bobugebengu. Amathrendi amakhulu ahola lolu shintsho afaka:

Ukuminyana. I-US ayinawo amajele anele ukuthi angakwazi ukuhlalisa iziboshwa ngobuntu, kanti i-Federal Bureau of Prisons ibika isilinganiso sokusebenzisa amandla angaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-36. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo lwamanje, ukwakha, ukunakekela kanye nokuqashwa kwamajele amaningi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokwanda okwengeziwe kweziboshwa kubeka ubunzima obukhulu kwisabelomali sikahulumeni.

Iziboshwa ezimpunga. Amajele kancane kancane abe umhlinzeki wokunakekela omkhulu kunabo bonke e-US ezakhamuzini esezikhulile, futhi inani leziboshwa ezingaphezu kuka-55 licishe liphindeke kane phakathi kuka-1995 no-2010. Ngo-2030, okungenani ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo zonke iziboshwa zase-US zizoba izakhamuzi ezindala ezizodinga izinga eliphezulu ukwesekwa kwezokwelashwa kanye nobuhlengikazi kunamanje okunikezwa emajele amaningi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukunakekela iziboshwa esezikhulile kungabiza phakathi kokuphindwe kabili kuya kwezine kunalokho okuyizindleko njengamanje ukubopha umuntu oseminyakeni yama-20 noma engu-30.

Ukunakekela abagula ngengqondo. Ngokufanayo naleli phuzu elingenhla, amajele kancane kancane aba abahlinzeki bokunakekela abakhulu kunabo bonke e-US kubantu abanezifo zengqondo ezinzima. Kusukela ekubuyiselweni kwemali nokuvalwa kwezikhungo eziningi zezempilo yengqondo eziphethwe nguhulumeni kuma-1970s, inani elikhulu labantu abanezinkinga zempilo yengqondo lashiywa ngaphandle kwesimiso sokusekela esidingekayo ukuze zizinakekele. Ngeshwa, inani elikhulu lamacala amabi kakhulu athole indlela yawo ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa bobugebengu lapho aye acwila khona ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele ngokwengqondo akudingayo.

Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuyedlula. Udlame olwandayo oludalwa ukuminyana, oluxubene nesidingo esikhulayo sokunakekela iziboshwa ezigula ngengqondo nezalukazi, kusho ukuthi umthethosivivinywa wokunakekelwa kwezempilo emajele amaningi ubulokhu ukhula unyaka nonyaka.

I-recidivism ephezulu njalo. Uma kubhekwa ukuntuleka kwemfundo kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlalisana kabusha emajele, ukuntuleka kokusekelwa kwangemva kokukhululwa, kanye nezithiyo ekuqashweni ngokwesiko kwababenamacala, izinga lokubuyela emuva liphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50) okuholela emnyango ojikelezayo abantu abangena bese bephinde bangene ohlelweni lwamajele. Lokhu kwenza ukunciphisa inani leziboshwa ezweni kungenzeki.

Ukuwohloka komnotho okuzayo. Njengoba kuxoxwe ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni sethu Ikusasa Lomsebenzi uchungechunge, emashumini amabili eminyaka azayo, ikakhulukazi, izobona uchungechunge lwemijikelezo evamile yokuwohloka komnotho ngenxa yokuzenzakalela kokusebenza kwabantu ngemishini ethuthukisiwe kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI). Lokhu kuzoholela ekwehleni kwesigaba esimaphakathi kanye nokuncipha kwesisekelo sentela abasikhiqizayo—isici esizothinta uxhaso lwesikhathi esizayo lohlelo lwezobulungiswa.

Cost. Wonke amaphuzu angenhla ehlangene aholela ohlelweni lokuboshwa olubiza cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-40-46 ngonyaka e-US kuphela (kucatshangwa ukuthi izindleko zesiboshwa ngasinye zingama-$30,000). Ngaphandle koshintsho olukhulu, lesi sibalo sizokhula kakhulu ngo-2030.

Ukushintsha kwe-Conservative. Uma kubhekwa umthwalo wezezimali okhulayo wohlelo lwamajele kanye nokubikezelwa kwezimali kwisabelomali sombuso kanye nesifundazwe, ngokuvamile abantu abacabanga 'ubugebengu obuqinile' sebeqala ukuguqula imibono yabo mayelana nokugwetshwa okuyimpoqo kanye nokuboshwa. Lolu shintsho luzogcina lwenza kube lula ukuthi izikweletu zokuguqulwa kwezobulungiswa zivikele amavoti anele ezinhlangothi zombili ukuze ziphasiswe emthethweni.

Ukushintsha imibono yomphakathi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ukweseka lokhu kuguquguquka kwemibono ukwesekwa okuvela emphakathini jikelele ekunciphiseni ukugwetshwa kwamacala ahlobene nezidakamizwa. Ikakhulukazi, akunamdlandla womphakathi wokwenza ukuba umlutha ube ubugebengu, kanye nokwesekwa okubanzi kokuqedwa kwezidakamizwa ezifana nensangu.

Ukukhula komzabalazo wokulwa nokucwasa ngokwebala. Uma kubhekwa ukukhuphuka kwenhlangano ye-Black Lives Matter kanye nokubusa kwamasiko kwamanje kokunemba kwezombusazwe kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle, osopolitiki bazizwa bekhula ingcindezi yomphakathi yokuguqula imithetho eqondisa ngokungafanele futhi ibe amacala abampofu, abambalwa kanye namanye amalungu omphakathi abandlululwayo.

Ubuchwepheshe obusha. Izinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe obusha seziqala ukungena emakethe yamajele ngesithembiso sokunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuqhuba amajele kanye nokweseka iziboshwa ngemva kokukhululwa. Okuningi mayelana nalezi zindlela ezintsha kamuva.

Ukulinganisa isigwebo

Izimo zezomnotho, zamasiko, kanye nezobuchwepheshe ezizovela ohlelweni lwethu lwezobulungiswa bobugebengu kancane kancane zishintsha indlela ohulumeni bethu abayithathayo ekugwebeni, ekuboshweni, nasekuhlumelelweni kwezimilo. Ukuqala ngesigwebo, lawa mathrendi ekugcineni azo:

Ukunciphisa izigwebo ezincane eziyisibopho futhi unikeze amajaji amandla okulawula ubude besikhathi sasejele;
Iba namaphethini okugweba amajaji ahlolwe ontanga ukuze abasize babhekane nokuchema okungase kujezise abantu kanzima kuye ngohlanga lwabo, uhlanga noma isigaba sezomnotho;
Nikeza amajaji ezinye izigwebo ezengeziwe esikhundleni sesikhathi sasejele, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala kanye nabagula ngengqondo;
Nciphisa amacala athile obugebengu abe yizenzo ezingalungile, ikakhulukazi amacala ahlobene nezidakamizwa;
Izidingo zebhondi ephansi noma yokuhoxiswa kwabamangalelwa abanemali ephansi;
Ukuthuthukisa indlela amarekhodi obugebengu avalwa ngayo noma asulwa ngayo ukuze usize ababeyizigebengu bathole imisebenzi futhi baphinde bahlangane nomphakathi;

Khonamanjalo, ekuqaleni kwawo-2030, amajaji azoqala ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziya okuqhutshwa yidatha ukuze aphoqelele ukugwetshwa okusekelwe ebufakazini. Lolu hlobo lwesigwebo lwenoveli lisebenzisa amakhompuyutha ukuze kubuyekezwe irekhodi lobugebengu langaphambili lommangalelwa, umlando wabo womsebenzi, izici zenhlalo-mnotho, ngisho nezimpendulo zabo kuhlolo lwengqondo, konke ukwenza isibikezelo ngengozi yabo yokwenza ubugebengu esikhathini esizayo. Uma ubungozi bokona kabusha kommangalelwa buphansi, khona-ke ijaji liyakhuthazwa ukuba libanike isigwebo esithambile; uma ingozi yabo iphezulu, khona-ke ummangalelwa cishe uzothola isigwebo esinzima kunokwejwayelekile. Sekukonke, lokhu kunikeza amajaji inkululeko eyengeziwe yokusebenzisa isijeziso esinomthwalo wemfanelo ezigebengwini ezilahlwe amacala.

Ezingeni lezombangazwe, izingcindezi zomphakathi ezimelene nempi yezidakamizwa ekugcineni zizobona ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kwensangu ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-2020, kanye nokuxolelwa kwezinkulungwane ezivalelwe ukutholakala manje. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokunciphisa izindleko zokugcwala ngokweqile kwamajele, ushwele, kanye nokulalelwa kwecala lokudedelwa ngeshwele kusenesikhathi kuzonikezwa izinkulungwane eziningi zeziboshwa ezingenalo udlame. Ekugcineni, abenzi bomthetho bazoqala inqubo yoku ukulinganisa uhlelo lwezomthetho ukunciphisa inani lemithetho ebhaliwe enenzuzo ekhethekile ezincwadini kanye nokunciphisa inani eliphelele lokwephulwa komthetho odinga isikhathi sasejele.

Inkantolo esabalalisiwe nohlelo lwezomthetho

Ukuze kuncishiswe ubunzima ohlelweni lwezinkantolo zobugebengu, ukugwetshwa kwamacala angalungile, amacala asezingeni eliphansi kanye nezinhlobo ezikhethiwe zamacala omthetho webhizinisi nemindeni kuzodluliselwa ezinkantolo zomphakathi ezincane. Amacala okuqala alezi zinkantolo asenawo kufakazelwe ngempumelelo, okukhiqiza ukwehla ngamaphesenti ayi-10 kokuphindaphinda kanye nokwehla kwezigebengu ngamaphesenti angama-35 ezithunyelwa ejele.

Lezi zinombolo zazuzwa ngokuthi lezi zinkantolo zigxile emphakathini. Amajaji awo asebenza kanzima ukuze aguqule ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi sejele ngokwenza abamangalelwa bavume ukuhlala esikhungweni sokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo noma esikhungweni sezempilo yengqondo, benze amahora ezinsiza zomphakathi—futhi, kwezinye izimo, bafake ithegi ye-elekthronikhi esikhundleni sohlelo olusemthethweni lwe-parole. ilandelela ukuthi ukuphi futhi ibaxwayise ngokwenza imisebenzi ethile noma ukuba ngokoqobo ezindaweni ezithile. Ngalesi sakhiwo, izephula-mthetho zikwazi ukugcina ubuhlobo bemindeni yazo, zigweme irekhodi lobugebengu elikhubaza ngokwezimali, futhi zigweme ukwakhiwa kobudlelwano namathonya obugebengu obungaba yinto evamile ngaphakathi kwendawo yasejele.

Sekukonke, lezi zinkantolo zomphakathi ziholela emiphumeleni engcono emiphakathini eziyisebenzelayo futhi zehlise ngendlela emangalisayo izindleko zokusebenzisa umthetho ezingeni lendawo.

Ukucabanga kabusha amajele ngale kwekheji

Amajele anamuhla enza umsebenzi ophumelelayo ekubopheni izinkulungwane zeziboshwa—inkinga iwukuthi akukho okunye abakwenzayo. Umklamo wabo awusebenzi ekuguquleni iziboshwa, futhi azisebenzi ukuze zizigcine ziphephile; futhi eziboshwa ezigula ngengqondo, la majele enza izimo zazo zibe zimbi kakhulu, zingabi ngcono. Ngenhlanhla, izindlela ezifanayo njengamanje ezisebenza ukulungisa izigwebo zobugebengu nazo seziqala ukuguqula uhlelo lwethu lwamajele.

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yo-2030, amajele azobe eseqedile ukushiya amakheji angenangqondo, abiza kakhulu abe yizikhungo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo ezihlanganisa neziboshwa. Umgomo walezi zikhungo kuzoba ukusebenzisana neziboshwa ukuze ziqonde futhi zisuse isisusa sazo sokubamba iqhaza ekuziphatheni kobugebengu, kuyilapho futhi zizisiza ukuba ziphinde zixhumane nomhlaba wangaphandle ngendlela ekhiqizayo neqondile ngezinhlelo zemfundo nokuqeqesha. Ukuthi la majele akusasa azobukeka futhi asebenze kanjani empeleni angahlukaniswa abe amaphuzu amane abalulekile:

Umklamo wejele. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezicindezelayo nasezindaweni ezinokucindezeleka okukhulu kungenzeka babonise ukuziphatha okubi. Lezi zimo yindlela abantu abaningi abangawachaza ngayo amajele anamuhla, futhi bayoba iqiniso. Yingakho kunomkhuba okhulayo wokuklama kabusha amajele ukuze abukeke njengekhampasi yasekolishi elimemayo.

Umqondo wefemu, i-KMD Architects, ubheka isikhungo sokuboshwa (isibonelo one futhi ezimbili) elakhiwe ngamabhilidi amathathu ahlukaniswe ngezinga lokuvikeleka, .okungukuthi isakhiwo sejele esisodwa sinokuphepha okuphezulu, ijele lesibili elokuvikeleka okusesilinganisweni, kanti elilodwa elokuvikeleka okuncane. Iziboshwa zabelwa lezi zakhiwo ngokulandelana kwazo ngokusekelwe ezingeni lazo lokusongela elihlolwe kusengaphambili, njengoba kuvezwe isigwebo esisekelwe ebufakazini esichazwe ngenhla. Kodwa-ke, ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni okuhle, iziboshwa ezivela ekuvikelekeni okuphezulu zingadlulela kancane kancane ezakhiweni/eziphikweni zokuphepha lapho zizojabulela khona imikhawulo embalwa nenkululeko enkulu, ngaleyo ndlela zikhuthaze izinguquko.

Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo samajele sesisetshenziswe ngempumelelo enkulu ezikhungweni zokuboshwa kwezingane kodwa kusamele kudluliselwe emajele abantu abadala.

Ubuchwepheshe ekhejini. Ukuhambisana nalezi zinguquko zedizayini, ubuchwepheshe obusha buzosabalala emajele azayo obuzowenza aphephe kakhudlwana kuzo zombili iziboshwa nonogada basejele, ngaleyo ndlela kwehle ingcindezi nodlame olusabalele ngaphakathi kwamajele ethu. Isibonelo, nakuba ukubhekwa kwevidiyo kuvamile kuwo wonke amajele anamuhla, maduze azohlanganiswa ne-AI engathola ngokuzenzekelayo ukuziphatha okusolisayo noma ubudlova futhi ixwayise ithimba lonogada basejele elivame ukungabi nabasebenzi abambalwa emsebenzini. Obunye ubuchwepheshe basejele okungenzeka bujwayeleke ngeminyaka yawo-2030 buhlanganisa:

Amasongo e-RFID angamathuluzi okulandelela amanye amajele azama ngawo njengamanje. Bavumela igumbi lokulawula ijele ukuthi liqaphe ukuthi iziboshwa zikuphi ngaso sonke isikhathi, bexwayisa onogada ngokugcwala okungajwayelekile kweziboshwa noma iziboshwa ezingena ezindaweni ezibekelwe imingcele. Ekugcineni, uma lezi zinsiza zokulandela umkhondo sezigxilile esiboshwa, ijele lizokwazi ukulandelela ukude impilo yesiboshwa kanye namazinga aso olaka ngokukala ukushaya kwenhliziyo yaso namahomoni egazini laso.
Izikena ezishibhile ezigcwele umzimba zizofakwa kulo lonke ijele ukuze kuhlonzwe izinto ezingekho emthethweni eziboshweni ngokuphepha nangempumelelo kunohlelo olwenziwa onogada basejele njengamanje.
Amakamelo e-teleconferencing azovumela odokotela ukuthi bahlinzeke ngokuhlolwa kwezempilo eziboshweni bekude. Lokhu kuzonciphisa izindleko zokuthutha iziboshwa zisuka emajele ziyiswe ezibhedlela ezivikeleke kakhulu, futhi kuzovumela odokotela abambalwa ukuba bakhonze isibalo esikhulu seziboshwa eziswele. Lawa makamelo angakwazi futhi ukunika amandla imihlangano evamile nabasebenzi bezempilo yengqondo kanye nezinsiza zomthetho.
Abajami bezingcingo bazokhawulela ikhono leziboshwa, ezikwazi ukuthola omakhalekhukhwini ngokungemthetho, lokufona ngaphandle ukuze bethuke ofakazi noma banikeze imiyalelo kumalungu ezigelekeqe.
Ama-drones ajikelezayo asemhlabeni nasemkhathini azosetshenziswa ukuqapha izindawo ezivamile namabhulokhi amaseli. Ihlome ngezibhamu eziningi, zizophinde zisetshenziselwe ukukhubaza ngokushesha nakude iziboshwa ezibandakanyeka kudlame nezinye iziboshwa noma onogada.
Umsizi we-AI ofana no-Siri/unogada wejele uzonikezwa isiboshwa ngasinye futhi afinyeleleke ngombhobho nesipika esitokisini ngasinye sejele kanye nesongo se-RFID. I-AI izokwazisa isiboshwa ngezibuyekezo zesimo sasejele, ivumele iziboshwa ukuthi zilalele noma zibhale ngomlomo ama-imeyili eziya emndenini, ivumele isiboshwa ukuthi sithole izindaba futhi sibuze imibuzo eyisisekelo ye-inthanethi. Khonamanjalo, i-AI izogcina irekhodi elinemininingwane yezenzo zesiboshwa kanye nenqubekelaphambili yokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo ukuze libuyekezwe kamuva yibhodi ye-parole.

Ukuphepha okunamandla. Njengamanje, amajele amaningi asebenza esebenzisa imodeli yokuvikela engashintshi eklama indawo evimbela izinhloso ezimbi zeziboshwa ukuthi ziphenduke izenzo zobudlova. Kula majele, iziboshwa ziyabukwa, zilawulwe, zivalelwe, futhi zilinganiselwe ngenani lokusebenzelana ezingaba nazo nezinye iziboshwa kanye nonogada.

Esimweni sokuphepha esiguqukayo, kugcizelelwa ukuvimbela lezo zinhloso ezimbi ngokuqondile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhuthaza ukuthintana kwabantu nezinye iziboshwa ezindaweni ezivamile kanye nokukhuthaza onogada basejele ukuthi bakhe ubudlelwano obunobungane neziboshwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izindawo eziklanywe kahle ezivamile namaseli afana namakamelo okulala ukuze amakheji. Amakhamera onogada anenani elilinganiselwe futhi iziboshwa zithenjwa kakhulu ukuthi zihambahamba ngaphandle kokugadwa onogada. Izingxabano phakathi kweziboshwa zibonwa kusenesikhathi futhi zixazululwe ngomlomo ngosizo lukachwepheshe wokulamula.

Ngenkathi lesi sitayela sokuvikela esiguqukayo sisetshenziswa manje impumelelo enkulu ohlelweni lwezijeziso zaseNorway, ukusetshenziswa kwayo cishe kuzokhawulelwa emajele okuvikela aphansi kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.

Ukuvuselelwa. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu samajele azayo kuzoba izinhlelo zawo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo. Njengoba nje izikole namuhla zikleliswa futhi zixhaswa ngezimali ngokusekelwe ekhonweni lazo lokukhipha abafundi abafinyelela izinga lemfundo elinqunyiwe, amajele azokleliswa ngendlela efanayo futhi axhaswe ngokusekelwe emandleni abo okwehlisa amazinga okuphindaphinda.

Amajele azoba nophiko lonke olugxile ekwelapheni iziboshwa, imfundo kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono, kanye nezinsizakalo zokuqashwa ezisiza iziboshwa zithole ikhaya nomsebenzi ngemva kokukhululwa, futhi ziqhubeke nokusekela ukuqashwa kwazo iminyaka eminingi ngemva kwalokho (ukunwetshwa kwenkonzo ye-parole). ). Umgomo uwukwenza iziboshwa zikwazi ukudayiswa emakethe yemisebenzi ngesikhathi zikhululwa ukuze zibe nezindlela ezisebenzisekayo esikhundleni sobugebengu ukuze zizondle.

Ezinye izindlela zasejele

Ngaphambilini, sixoxisane ngokuqondisa kabusha iziboshwa ezikhulile nezigula ngengqondo ezikhungweni ezikhethekile zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo lapho zingathola khona ukunakekelwa nokuvuselelwa okukhethekile ebezikudinga ngokwezomnotho ngaphezu kwalokho ebezingakwenza ejele elivamile. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olusha lokuthi ubuchopho busebenza kanjani luveza izindlela ezintsha ezingase zibe khona esikhundleni sokuboshwa kwendabuko.

Isibonelo, ucwaningo oluphenya ubuchopho babantu abanomlando wobugebengu uma kuqhathaniswa nomphakathi jikelele luveze umehluko ohlukile ongachaza ukuthambekela kokuziphatha komphakathi kanye nobugebengu. Uma le sayensi isicwengisisiwe, izinketho ezingaphandle kokuboshwa ngokwesiko zingenzeka, njengokwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo nokuhlinzwa kobuchopho okukhethekile—umgomo uwukuphulukisa noma yikuphi ukulimala kwengqondo noma ukwelapha noma iyiphi ingxenye yofuzo yobugebengu besiboshwa obungaholela ekubuyiselweni kwabo emphakathini. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-2030, kancane kancane kuzokwaziwa "ukwelapha" ingxenye yabantu basejele ngalezi zinhlobo zezinqubo, okuvula umnyango we-parole ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukukhululwa ngokushesha.

Ngokuqhubekayo, ngeminyaka yawo-2060s, kuzokwazi ukulayisha ubuchopho besiboshwa ezweni elibonakalayo, elifana ne-Matrix, kuyilapho umzimba wabo wenyama uvalelwe endaweni yokulala. Kulo mhlaba we-virtual, iziboshwa zizohlala ejele elibonakalayo ngaphandle kokwesaba udlame oluvela kwezinye iziboshwa. Okuthakazelisa nakakhulu ukuthi iziboshwa kule ndawo zingashintshwa imibono yazo ukuze zikholelwe ukuthi zachitha iminyaka ejele lapho empeleni, kwadlula izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela. Lobu buchwepheshe bungavumela imisho yamakhulu eminyaka—isihloko esizoxoxa ngaso esahlukweni esilandelayo.

Ikusasa lokugwetshwa nokuboshwa lithrenda ekushintsheni okuhle ngempela. Ngeshwa, le ntuthuko izothatha amashumi eminyaka ukusebenza, njengoba amazwe amaningi asathuthuka nanegunya cishe ngeke abe nezinsiza noma intshisekelo yokwenza lezi zinguquko.

Lezi zinguquko azilutho, nokho, uma ziqhathaniswa nezandulela zomthetho ubuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo kanye noshintsho lwamasiko oluzophoqelela emkhakheni womphakathi. Funda okwengeziwe esahlukweni esilandelayo salolu chungechunge.