Ukuqashelwa kwe-Wi-Fi: Yiluphi olunye ulwazi olunganikezwa yi-Wi-Fi?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 23, 2023

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, i-Wi-Fi ibisetshenziswa kuphela ukuxhuma amadivayisi. Kodwa-ke, ilokhu isetshenziswa njenge-radar ngenxa yekhono layo lokushintsha nokuzivumelanisa nezinguquko zemvelo. Ngokuzwa ukuphazamiseka kumasiginali we-Wi-Fi okubangwa lapho umuntu engena endleleni yokuxhumana phakathi kwerutha engenantambo kanye nedivayisi ehlakaniphile, kuyenzeka ukunquma indawo nosayizi walowo muntu. 

Umongo wokubona i-Wi-Fi

Igagasi lomsakazo isignali kazibuthe eklanyelwe ukudlulisa idatha emoyeni ebangeni elide ngokuqhathaniswa. Amaza omsakazo kwesinye isikhathi abizwa ngokuthi amasiginali weRadio Frequency (RF). Lezi zimpawu zidlidliza ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu, okuzivumela ukuba zihambe emkhathini njengamagagasi emanzini. 

Amaza omsakazo asetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi futhi ahlinzeka ngezindlela zokusakaza umculo ngemisakazo ye-FM nokuthi amavidiyo athunyelwa kanjani kumathelevishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaza omsakazo ayindlela eyinhloko yokudlulisa idatha ngenethiwekhi engenantambo. Ngamasignali e-Wi-Fi asabalele, lawa maza omsakazo angakwazi ukubona abantu, izinto, nokunyakaza kuze kufike lapho isignali ingasakaza khona, ngisho nasezindongeni. Uma amadivaysi ahlakaniphile angeziwe engezwa kumanethiwekhi, kuba lula futhi kuphumelele kakhulu lokho kuthunyelwa.

Indawo efundwa ngokwandayo ekunakeni kwe-Wi-Fi ukubonwa kokuthinta. Ngokusho kwe-Association of Computer Machinery (ACM), ukubonwa kwesignali ye-Wi-Fi yokuthinta komuntu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ukuthinta kudala uchungechunge lwesikhathi lokuhlukahluka kusiginali eluhlaza etholiwe. Kodwa-ke, ubunzima obuyinhloko ekwakheni isistimu yokuqaphela ukuthinta esabalele ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kokuthinta ngakunye nochungechunge lokuhluka kwesignali abuhlali buhambisana. Isibonelo, ukuthinta okufanayo okwenziwa ezindaweni ezihlukene noma ngomumo ohlukile kukhiqiza amasiginali amasha ngokuphelele (okuhlukile).

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Izicelo zokuzwa kwe-Wi-Fi zingasiza ekulawuleni ukushisisa nokupholisa ngokusekelwe ekutheni bangaki abantu abakhona noma ngisho nokukhawulela ukuhlala phakathi nobhadane. Ama-antenna athuthuke kakhulu nokufunda komshini kungathola amazinga okuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Kanjalo, abacwaningi bahlola ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi benzwa bungasetshenziswa kanjani ezifundweni zezokwelapha. 

Isibonelo, ngo-2017, abacwaningi baseMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) bathola indlela yokuthwebula ngokungenantambo idatha yamaphethini okulala ekhaya lesiguli. Idivayisi yabo elingana ne-laptop isebenzisa amaza omsakazo ukuze iqhume kumuntu bese ihlaziya amasignali nge-algorithm ehlakaniphile ukuze inqume ngokunembile amaphethini okulala esiguli.

Kunokuba ikhawulelwe ekubhekeni ukulala komuntu elebhu yasebusuku njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, le divayisi entsha izovumela ochwepheshe baqaphe othile amahora noma amaviki ngesikhathi. Ngokungeziwe ekusizeni ukuxilonga nokufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuphazamiseka kokulala, kungase futhi kusetshenziselwe ukufunda ukuthi izidakamizwa nezifo ziyithinta kanjani ikhwalithi yokulala. Le sistimu ye-RF ichaza izigaba zokulala ngokunemba okungamaphesenti angu-80 ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yolwazi lokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, nokunyakaza, okucishe kube sezingeni elifanayo lokunemba njengokuhlolwa kwe-EEG (electroencephalogram) okusekelwe elebhu.

Ukwanda kokuduma nokusetshenziswa kwezimo zokubonwa kwe-Wi-Fi kudale isidingo samazinga amasha. Ngo-2024, i-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers izokhipha indinganiso entsha engu-802.11 eqondiswe ngokukhethekile ezokuzwa kunokuxhumana.

Imithelela yokuqashelwa kwe-Wi-Fi

Imithelela ebanzi yokuqashelwa kwe-Wi-Fi ingase ihlanganise: 

• Izikhungo zezentengiselwano namafemu okukhangisa asebenzisa i-Wi-Fi ukuze anqume ithrafikhi yonyawo futhi aqaphe ukuziphatha kwekhasimende okuqondene nendawo namaphethini.
• Ukubonwa kokuthinta kuba okuthembeke kakhulu njengoba amasistimu e-Wi-Fi efunda ukubona ukunyakaza namaphethini ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Ukuthuthuka kulo mkhakha kuzoba nomthelela endleleni abathengi abasebenzisa ngayo namadivayisi aseduze kwabo.
• Amadivayisi amaningi ahlakaniphile ahlanganisa ukusebenza kwesizukulwane esilandelayo sokuqashelwa kwe-Wi-Fi kumiklamo yawo evumela izimo ezintsha zokusetshenziswa kwabathengi.
• Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lokuthi amasistimu wokuqaphela i-Wi-Fi angasetshenziswa kanjani ukuqapha izibalo zezempilo ukuze kusekelwe okugqokwayo kwezokwelapha nokuhlakaniphile.
• Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha olunyusiwe olwenziwe ngokusekelwe kuphela kuzinzwa ze-Wi-Fi nedatha, olusekela ukuhlonza okukude nokwelashwa.
• Ukukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nokuthi amasiginali e-Wi-Fi angagqekezwa kanjani ukuze kutholwe ulwazi olubalulekile lwezokwelapha nokuziphatha.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Uwasebenzisa kanjani amasiginali akho e-Wi-Fi ngale koxhumano Lwe-inthanethi?
• Yiziphi izinselelo ezingaba khona zokugetshengwa kwezinhlelo zokubonwa kwe-Wi-Fi?