Ubisi olwenziwa ngokofuzo luyimpumelelo ekuphileni okusimeme

Imikhuba yezolimo eqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi i-genetically modified organisms (GMO's), iyindawo okukhulunywa ngayo kulezi zinsuku. Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni wonke okucatshangwa ukuthi lizoba phakathi kwabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.5 nezingu-10 ngonyaka ka-2050, umbuzo wokuthi abalimi bomhlaba bazowaphakela kanjani (uxolo), lokho okubonakala kudla inqwaba ye-inki yachitha ucwaningo lwesayensi.

Ngonyaka odlule nje, ehlobo lika-2013, usosayensi waseMaastricht University synthesizeda hamburger esitsheni se-petri; izindleko zebhega elinjalo kungaba imali eshisiwe (ukubeka ngokwemibandela, ungaba nama-Big Mac angaba ngu-60,000 ngo-$5 i-pop ngentengo ye-hamburger eyodwa ehlanganisiwe). Okuthrendayo manje kuma-'test-tube-foodies' umjaho wokuhlanganisa ingxenye 'yebele' yenkomo: ubisi. Lokhu 'ubisi' okungamanga kungase kuzwakale kungenakwenzeka futhi kuyingozi, kodwa ososayensi abaholayo ekuqaleni kwe-Muufri bacabanga ukuthi ubisi lwe-petri dish ngeke lube indlela yekusasa kuphela, kodwa futhi luphephe ngaphezu kwezinto ongazilanda endaweni yangakini. isuphamakethe namuhla.

Kamuva esihlokweni ngu-National Geographic, umsunguli ka-Muufri, uPerumal Gandhi, uchaze ukuthi inkampani idale kanjani uhlobo lwesiko lemvubelo elifana nokwenziwa kwezinkomo ezinomusa. Lolu hlobo lwenza amaprotheni obisi anambitheke futhi aziphathe ngendlela engavumelani nje nabathengi bobisi, kodwa ibakhohlisa ukuthi bakholelwe ukuthi badla into yangempela.

Ubuchopho obulandela lolu bisi olungenamabele buye bathuthukisa umkhiqizo wabo ukuze ufane nokunambitheka okukhiqizwe ithokazi elikhiqiza i-methane, kodwa ngaphandle komthelela omubi kuyo yomibili indawo ezungezile—kanye nomzimba owuphuzayo. Ubisi lwe-faux kuthiwa lwakhiwe ngamaprotheni ayisithupha afanayo okwakheka nokusebenza, namanye ama-acid ayisishiyagalombili asele lapho ukuze ajabulise ama-epicurean akho.

Ezinhlanganisela ezahlukene kanye nezimvume zalezi micronutrients, ithemba lika-Muufri liwukukwazi ukukhiqiza ushizi ohlukahlukene, ama-dessert, neminye imikhiqizo eminingi esekelwe ubisi enempilo kunenye indlela: ubisi lwangempela. Kuze kube manje, sebeqede ngempumelelo i-lactose, i-allergen ecishe ibe ngama-65% abantu abadala abazwelayo, futhi behlise i-cholesterol emikhiqizweni yabo. Kwabaningi baseCanada, lokhu kungasiza ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila njengoba isifo senhliziyo kuyimbangela yokufa okukhulu njengamanje eCanada.

Ama-GMO (okuthi umkhiqizo we-Muufri uzohlukaniswa kanjani ngokobuchwepheshe) anomlando omude futhi ongaqondwa kahle, ovame ukushiwo njengembangela yomdlavuza kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune. Iqiniso liwukuthi ulwazi oluningi olusatshalaliswa emphakathini jikelele lwenziwe lula kakhulu noma lwenziwa olwejwayelekile, luhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zokuguqulwa kofuzo zibe yiqembu elikhulu elibi esikhundleni sokuthatha isikhathi sokuhlukanisa phakathi kokuthi yini.

Ubunkimbinkimbi balezi zindaba bunohlu olukhulu: ngakolunye uhlangothi, unokuphikisana mayelana nemikhuba yokuziphatha yezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Monsanto, inhlangano eke yasebenzisa amalungelo obunikazi ezimbewu zayo ze-GM ukuze ikhiphe kancane abalimi abancane ebhizinisini.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezimo zokungeniswa kwe-GMO ezinhlelweni zemvelo ezitholiwe, hhayi nje kuphela ekwandiseni izinga lesitshalo kodwa, kwezinye izimo, empeleni ukusindisa sonke isibalo sabantu endlaleni.ENingizimu Mpumalanga ye-Asia, indlela yokuphila eyinhloko yabantu irayisi. Unyaka ngamunye, nokho, kuba nezikhukhula ezinamandla eziqeda noma yikuphi phakathi kuka-10% kuya kuso sonke isivuno serayisi. Muva nje, ososayensi bakwazile ukwenza imephu isici sohlobo olulodwa lwerayisi olungaphila ngaphansi kwamanzi izinsuku ezimbalwa bangene elayisi elingazweli elisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinjengeNdiya, lapho bethola khona cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zekhalori yabo yansuku zonke etholakala elayisi.

Uma sikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe, lolu hlobo lokuguqulwa kofuzo lungawela ngaphansi kwesambulela esifanayo abagxeki be-GMO abathanda ukuhlanganisa iMonsanto, nokho imiphumela yerayisi yeGM emphakathini womhlaba wonke yaphumela ohlotsheni lwerayisi manje engakwazi ukubekezelela isikhathi eside sokucwiliswa emanzini kanye nosizo. ekondleni abantu abacishe babe yizigidi eziyinkulungwane abahlala eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia, iningi labo eliphila ngobumpofu obudlulele.

Ukubhekana Namaqiniso

Imininingwane yakamuva mayelana nomhlambi wezinkomo emhlabeni wonke iphakamisa ukuthi kube nezinkomo ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-60 ezihlinzeka ngokudla kwabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-7 emhlabeni. Ngisho noma besingagcina leli zinga lokudliwayo, besingeke sibe nokudla okwanele kwezizukulwane ezizayo.

Njengoba kunje, imfuyo njengamanje ithatha amaphesenti angama-70 omhlaba otholakalayo futhi ikhiqiza inani lemfucuza elilingana nelabantu abangama-20-40, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ikhiqiza negesi ye-methane enamandla izikhathi eziphindwe ka-20 kune-CO2 ekhishwayo. Futhi njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni lizokwenyuka lifinyelele ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.5 ngonyaka ka-2050, inani lezinkomo elicatshangelwayo lizokweqa lifinyelele ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukulondoloza izinqubo zezolimo zamanje kuyizindleko zemvelo abathengi nabalimi abangakwazi ukuzithola. Abalimi abancane ngeke bakwazi ukuhambisana nezidingo ezikhulayo zobisi ngakho bazophoqeleka ukuthi badayisele amafekthri umhlaba wabo. Yilapho izinkampani ezifana ne-Muufri ziba yimfuneko kakhulu ekuphileni isikhathi eside kokukhiqizwa kobisi.

Nakuba abaningi sebewaqonda amagama athi “GMO” kanye nenhlangano yezizwe ngezizwe ukuthi ifane nenye, i-Muufri, phakathi kwezinye iziqalo, ibheke ukudicilela phansi lo mcabango. Bafundisa umphakathi ngezinzuzo zokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ukusetshenziswa kokulima okusimeme ukuze kondle izizukulwane ezingenayo.

Okuhlukanisa le nkampani kubadlali abakhulu abafana neMonsanto okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla ukuthi ababheki ukuphatha imakethe ukuze bakhiphe abalimi abancane ithuba lokuziphilisa. Eqinisweni, u-Muufri usindisa abafana abancane ekukhungathekisweni yizizwe eziningi. Abalimi abancane bodwa abakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezizayo zemikhiqizo yobisi; ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi e-Asia kuphela ukusetshenziswa kobisi kuzokhuphuka ngo-125% ngonyaka ka-2030.

I-Muufri ingena emakethe ngethemba lokuhlinzeka ngenketho esimeme kakhudlwana engasiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe yomhlaba wonke futhi ikwazi ukuncintisana nezinkampani ezinkulu. Lokhu kuzonciphisa umthwalo kubalimi abancane futhi kubavimbele ekuthengiseni umhlaba wabo nezinkomo emapulazini ezimboni ezansi nomgwaqo.