Ikusasa lenhlamba

Inamandla, iphelele, iyacasula, futhi ayipheli: inhlamba ingelinye lamakhono abantu olimi esinawo. Enganekwaneni ye-dystopian, yenza i-tidbit exotic ngokumangalisayo yezwe lethu lesikhathi esizayo; phakathi I-Orange Clockwork, elithi “cal” lisho ukuthi “shit” (okusekelwe egameni lesiRashiya elisho indle), kanye ne-in Brave Yezwe Elisha abantu babiza “Ford” kunoNkulunkulu lapho belahla, bebusisa, noma bebabaza ngentshiseko.

Yebo, amandla alolonga ikusasa lethu  lokuthuka angeke avele ezincwadini, kodwa-ke, yini kuthanda ukunquma inhlamba yakusasa?

Ukuguquguquka kolimi kuyinkundla enzima, engaphelele. Nokho, into eyodwa ecacile ngokushintsha kolimi: izizukulwane ezivuthiwe zihlala zicabanga ukuthi liyehla, futhi kubonakala sengathi inhlamba yamukeleka kakhulu manje kunaseminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule.

Cabangela igama lakudala elithi “fuck.” Isibukeli se-NGram se-Google sibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezincwadini kukhule ngokugxumagxuma kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950. Mhlawumbe isizathu ukuthi inhlamba iyamukeleka kakhulu, noma mhlawumbe, okushintshayo incazelo yethu yalokho “okwamukelekayo ” ngu.

Ukushintsha ama-Taboos 

Ukubheka isilulumagama sethu ngaphambili, indawo enhle yokuqala ngomlando wawo kanye amagama esiwasebenzisa namuhla. Engxoxweni no-io9, isazi sezilimi nombhali we-“The F-Word,” uJesse Sheidlower, Uchaza "Izindinganiso zethu zalokho okucasulayo ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba ukuzwela kwethu ngokwamasiko kushintsha." Namuhla, amagama anjengokuthi “damn” avamile, cishe awakudala, nakuba ngaphambili ayeyinhlamba futhi ayeyinhlamba. kugwenywe ngokuphrinta kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1700 kuya ku-1930. USheidlower uchaza lokhu kuhambisana nokwehla kwenkolo njengamandla amakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke kubantu abaningi. Ngokufanayo, amagama ahlobene nezitho zomzimba aya ngokuya engathandeki njengoba ukwamukela kwethu ubulili kukhula-igama elithi "umlenze", manje osekuyigama elingathathi hlangothi, ejwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi "isitho" ukuze kube nehlazo elincane. 

Ukubikezela ukushintshela kolimi esikhathini esizayo kusho ukuhlonza izihloko ezintsha ezizobhekwa njengezibucayi, kanye nokuthola ukuthi isimo sethu sengqondo sizoba yini maqondana nenhlamba. Kwabaningi, amandla amagama afana nelithi “shit”, “imbongolo”, nelithi “fuck” aye ehla. Ziya ngokuya ziba nengxabano njengoba izingxoxo ngomzimba womuntu nemisebenzi yawo zivame kakhulu. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi  sizobona “i-toilet humour” icishiwe? Kungenzeka. Okuqinisekile ukuthi njengoba ukwamukela kwethu umzimba womuntu kwanda, kanjalo nesilulumagama sethu.

Inhlamba elandelayo eyinhlamba etholakala kakhulu ubulili. Umbono wendabuko wokuthi ucansi kufanele lufihlwe uvezwa kancane kancane njengoba isidingo semfundo ebanzi yocansi kanye namalungelo abantu abambalwa, njenge-LGBT nabesifazane, sithuthuka. Kule ndawo nokho, ingxoxo yenhlamba isagcwele kakhulu; iningi lalezi zinhlamba ezinobulili obuphezulu. Cabangela amandla egama elithi “cunt,” okuyigama elicasulayo kunelithi “fuck,” eliqondiswe kwabesifazane. Incazelo yalokhu kungase kube isenzo socansi asisenandaba nomzimba wesifazane. Igama elithi “i-cunt” lisetshenziswa njengenhlamba yokungahloniphi abesifazane, kuyilapho elithi “fuck” lingakhethi bulili, likhulisa ukukhanga kwalo okuvusa inkanuko kululumagama lwethu. Abantu bafuna isithombe esishaqisayo noma umuzwa oxhunywe ekusetshenzisweni kwenhlamba. Kulezi zinsuku, ukucabanga abantu benza ucansi akuyona into edabukisayo njengokungahloniphi nokuhlanekezela okuhambisana nomfanekiso wesitho sowesifazane.

Isibukeli se-NGram se-Google siyithuluzi eliwusizo lokuhlola kafushane ukuvela kwamagama enhlamba ezincwadini. Nakuba inganikezi ukumelela okuphelele  noma umlando wenhlamba , iyasiza ukuhlonza nokubonisa amathrendi, njengokwehluka kokuduma phakathi kwamagama athile, noma ukuthi igama lisheshe lamukeleke kangakanani ekushicilelweni, okusitshela okuningi mayelana nezinga lokungamukeleki. ezungeze igama.

Thatha umehluko phakathi kwamagama amabili nje ocansi kakhulu emphakathini wamanje; I-“cunt” isasetshenziswa kancane kakhulu kune-“bitch,” kodwa ishadi layo le-NGram libonisa ukukhuphuka okuphawulekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwalo kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Lo mkhuba uphakamisa ukuthi njengoba ukuvuleleka ngokocansi kanye nokunikezwa amandla ocansi kwabesifazane kuqhubeka nokukhuphuka (futhi njengoba ukuhlukumeza kwabesifazane kuya ngokuya kubekezelelwa) , ukusetshenziswa kwegama kuzoqhubeka kwanda kakhulu.

Ukuqhathanisa negama elithi “nondindwa” kukhombisa ukuthi sekunesikhathi eside isetshenziswa kakhulu futhi isithandwa kakhulu, kodwa izinga layo lokunyuka lihamba kancane. Ukuvela kabusha kwamanje kokuthi "nondindwa" kuphazamisana nobufazi futhi kuzama ukuphinda kuthathwe igama njengegama elinika amandla ubulili, kunenhlamba. Umagazini we-Bitch, eyasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, iyisibonelo semithombo yezindaba yesimanje yabesifazane esebenzisa igama emzamweni ocacile wokulifuna futhi. U-Andi Zeisler, umsunguli wephephabhuku, Uchaza: “Ngesikhathi sikhetha leli gama, sasicabanga ukuthi kungaba kuhle ukubuyisela igama elithi 'nondindwa' kubantu besifazane abanamandla, abakhuluma ngokungagwegwesi, ngendlela efanayo naleyo 'indlovukazi' eliye labizwa ngayo kabusha umphakathi wezitabane. Lokho bekusezingqondweni zethu, amandla amahle okuvuselela ulimi.” 

Ngokungamangalisi, u-Sheidlower futhi ukhomba ukucwasa ngokobuhlanga njengomthombo olandelayo wokuqukethwe okungakhululekile. Ngokuvamile, ukuthuka obekusetshenziswa ngokomlando ngokumelene namaqembu abencishwe amathuba kubhekwa njengendlela embi kakhulu yokuthuka. Njengoba amaqembu abandlululwayo ekhuluma kakhulu ngokuvezwa kwawo kanye nokusetshenziswa okungamukelekile kwezinhlamba nolimi olucasulayo, ngeshwa, impikiswano emayelana nalawa magama iyanda, kanjalo namandla awo njengamagama anenhlamba. 

Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlobo zamagama kwehluka kakhulu ngokomongo. Izindawo zenkululeko maningi amathuba okuthi zibone ukubuyiswa kabusha, kuyilapho izindawo ezilondolozayo zivame ukuzibona zisetshenziswa ngokumelene namaqembu okukhulunywa ngawo. Lokhu kwahlolisiswa ku-a Ucwaningo olusekelwe ku-Twitter olwenziwe ngu-Adobo sibheka zonke izifundazwe zaseMelika ngenani lamagama ahlaselayo asetshenzisiwe. Lolu cwaningo luthole ukuthi izifundazwe ezilandela imithetho efana ne-Louisiana zinamathuba amaningi okuthi zithumbe ama-tweet, kuyilapho izifundazwe ezinabantu abaningi abamnyama zinama-tweets amaningi aqukethe kokubili ulimi olungathathi hlangothi nolucasulayo olumelene nabamnyama. Kuyacaca ukuthi ulimi luwukubonakaliswa okukhulu kwezinkinga umphakathi obhekene nazo, futhi ngezikhathi zezinxushunxushu, amagama alayishiwe angaba namandla amakhulu kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Bangakwazi ngisho nokufinyelela inhliziyo yenkulumo-mpikiswano ngamalungelo eqembu, izimfuno, nomzabalazo.

Ukubuyiselwa kabusha: Okungenzeka Ngekusasa?

Uma kukhulunywa ngama-slurs, ingxoxo emayelana nokubuyisela iyashisa; kuyisihloko esibanzi nesithinta inhliziyo. Amanye amagama asaqhubeka enqubweni yezingxoxo kunamanye, njengokuthi “nigger,” nakuba kusaphikisana, kuyilapho amanye afana nelithi “bitch” asavame ukuvusa ukusabela okunamandla kwabezindaba noma nini lapho esetshenziswa kakhulu engomeni ethandwayo, ngisho nabesifazane ( isb. "BBHM" ka-Rihanna kanye "nama-Bow Down Bitches" ka-Beyoncé).

Ngokomlando, ukubuyiselwa kuphinde kwaqondana nempi. Igama elithi "queer" laqala ukubuyiswa kuma-1980s yizishoshovu emibhikishweni ngesikhathi senhlekelele ye-AIDS kanye ne-homophobia edlangile futhi ngo-1991, kwaba isetshenziswe okokuqala esimweni sezemfundo ngu-Theorist Theresa de Lauretis. Umzabalazo wangaphakathi negama phakathi komphakathi we-LGBT+ uncike kakhulu kumongo kanye neminyaka yobudala; kuye ngesizinda, isipiliyoni sokuqala laba bantu ababa naso ngamagama anjengokuthi “queer” ngokuvamile asethwa ezimweni zokuzonda abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, futhi ukubuyisela kwabanye akusona isizathu esishukumisayo sokukhumbula izenzakalo ezibuhlungu noma okungenzeka bameme lokho kuzizwisa ekuphileni kwabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abagqugquzeli bokubuyiselwa kabusha babheka ukusetshenziswa kolimi oludelelayo njengethuba lokuthatha amandla kulawo magama ngokuwagona, bawaguqule abe silulumagama esingathathi hlangothi noma esiqondile ukuze angabi yingozi. 

I-inthanethi: I-Godsend noma Iphupho Elibi?

Kusho ukuthini ukubuyiselwa kabusha kuma-slurs esikhathini esizayo? Ukuphendula lokhu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokubheka kuqala kumama wawo wonke ama-cesspools acasulayo: i-Intanethi. Ukukhula kwe-inthanethi njengenkundla yokuxhumana kumemezele ukulahleka okumangazayo kokusebenza kolimi, okulandelwa ukwanda kwezinga lokushintsha kolimi. Nakanjani, isivinini, ukungaziwa, kanye nokuxhumana okuseduze okuvunyelwa izinkundla zokuxhumana kudale zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezithakazelisayo zolimi, futhi yikho okusize ukwenza inkundla yezokuxhumana ibe yindawo enamandla yokuthuka inhlamba. Nokho, amandla i-inthanethi ewahlinzekayo okuthola kabusha anamandla, njengoba ivumela izingxoxo ukuba zeqe imingcele yendawo neyomphakathi. Ukunyakaza okugxile ekukhuliseni izikhala zabantu abambalwa kuhamba ngokushesha ngama-hashtag afana ne-#BlackLivesMatter kanye ne-#ReclaimTheBindi. Nokho, i-Internet igcwele nabantu abasebenzisa amagama acasulayo anezinhloso ezihlambalazayo. Izindawo ze-inthanethi ezikhululekile, ikakhulukazi Twitter, baziwa ngokuchayeka kaningi ekuhlukunyezweni kanye nenhlamba noma inhlamba eqondiswe kubantu abambalwa.

Njengoba i-inthanethi isiza ukwanda kwezikhala ze-inthanethi futhi ithuthukisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ibhamuza lokuhlunga, kungenzeka ukuthi sizobona ukwanda kokuhlukana okukhulu kakhulu endleleni ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo abantu. Nakuba icala lokubuyiselwa kabusha lingase lithandeke kakhulu emiphakathini ekhululekile, yezishoshovu, i-reactionary vitriol ngokumelene nokunemba kwezombusazwe ingase ikhulise ukusetshenziswa kwegama njengenhlamba. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yini enquma amandla egama ngeke kube nje abantu abaku-inthanethi, kodwa izingane zabo.

Okuzokuzwa Izingane

Ekugcineni, isici esinqumayo sokuthi izizukulwane ezizayo zizofunga kanjani siyefana naso esihlale sinjalo—abazali. Injabulo yokugqashula isiyaluyalu sokuziphatha esingachazwanga ngokugigitheka igama elithi “shit” useyingane iyona esiye yaba nayo abaningi. Umbuzo uthi: yimaphi amagama abazali abakhetha ukuwasho ngokukhululeka futhi yimaphi abazokhetha ukuwacubungula kakhudlwana? 

Kulula ukubona ukuthi lokhu kuzohlukaniswa kanjani ngokuziphatha; ngisho nanamuhla, izinkulumo ezithile zifaneleka kakhulu kwezinye kunezinye. Ngaphambi kokuba izingane zijabulele ukubusa kwezilimi zamahhala ze-inthanethi, kuzodingeka zibhekane nemithetho ebekwe abazali bazo kuqala. Ukusuka lapho, ukushintsha kolimi phakathi kwezizukulwane kuba yinto engenakugwenywa; isimo sezombangazwe esizayo sizophinde sibe yisici esisebenzayo ekubumbeni imingcele nenkululeko yolimi yezizukulwane ezizayo. Izizukulwane ezizayo zesiko le-inthanethi lokuqwashisa nokuzwela zingangena ezimpilweni zethu ngokuphelele, kubangele amagama athile ukuthi avele angasasetshenziswa, kodwa kukhona okungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlehla ngokumelene nokunemba kwezepolitiki kanye nokulingana kwezenhlalo kungaholela ezingxabanweni ezengeziwe - okungenani ngaphambi kokuba izinto zibe ngcono. 

Umehluko ekuthunjweni kwamaqembu athile abantu, ingasaphathwa eyokuhlukana kwenkulumo, awuyona into entsha. Lo mehluko ngokuvamile omaka besigaba, ubulili, noma uhlanga. Ongoti bolimi bathi abesifazane bafunga kancane kunabesilisa, ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokulindela okucacile kokuthi "bafanele" futhi "bafane nenkosikazi". Ngokuzayo, ukuzihlola kungase futhi kube ukususelwe kobunikazi bepolitiki. Ukubuyisela kabusha ngeke kudale ukuhlukana phakathi kombuyiseli kanye nomcindezeli, kodwa le dichotomy ingase ifake amandla engeziwe kumagama aqondise abacindezeli ngokwabo, njengokuthi “fuckboy”. Cabanga ngosongo abantu abalubonile ekubhekiseni kuka-Beyoncé kokuthi “Becky onezinwele ezinhle” ku-albhamu yakhe yakamuva, Ilamuna, ukuncenga ukuhlukunyezwa ngendlela igama elithi “Becky” elisetshenziswa ngayo kwabesifazane abamhlophe. Lawa magama angahle angabi nawo umlando onzima wokucindezelwa kwezikhungo ngemuva kwawo, kodwa kukhona okungenzeka ukuthi abe bucayi kakhulu, amagama ahlukanisayo esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, i-taboo iyadalwa, futhi isimo sengqondo sokuzigxeka mayelana nemibandela ethile ehlobene nayo singase silandele kahle. Ukwehlukana kokuthi ubani ongasho ukuthi iyiphi into enqumayo eqinile kuma-taboos kanye nezicucu ngokwazo.