Yadda ake zama matashi har abada

A kowace shekara masana'antar ƙawa ta haura biliyoyin daloli da ke siyar da mayukan shafawa, magunguna, da magungunan sihiri don hana tsufa ga al'ummar da ba su da ƙarfi. Yana da cikakkiyar kasuwanci; a koyaushe za a sami mutanen da ke tsoron tsarin tsufa, kuma koyaushe za a sami ci gaban da ba makawa na lokaci sannu a hankali yana ƙasƙantar da jikinsu. Har zuwa wani lokaci, al'ummarmu koyaushe za ta fifita matasa da kyau, suna haifar da kyakkyawan dalili don kashe kuɗi kan mafita mai kyau. Duk da haka, duk waɗannan magungunan "tabbatar da asibiti" ba su da wani abu don magance tsufa. Tabbas, waɗannan samfurori sun cika wrinkles kuma suna inganta bayyanar (Zan iya jin tallace-tallace a yanzu - "Tighter! Firmer! YOUNGER! ") Amma jiki ya ci gaba da tsufa duk da haka. Wataƙila kimiyya ta doke masana'antar kyan gani zuwa naushi akan wannan kudi- haifar da matsala ta hanyar gano ainihin hanyar dakatar da tsufa.

Me yasa muke tsufa

Kwanan nan, Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa (NIH) tare da haɗin gwiwar Rodrigo Calado, farfesa a Jami'ar Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto Medical School, sun kammala gwajin asibiti tare da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi da ake kira Danazol. Danazol yana fama da tushen ilimin halitta na tsufa: lalata telomere. Yayin da aka samar da wannan magani ga mutanen da ke fama da tsufa da kuma cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙarancin telomerase, ana iya daidaita Danazol azaman maganin tsufa.

Telomeres, tsarin DNA-protein, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mabuɗin tsufa saboda dangantakar su da chromosomes. Kowane aiki na jiki guda ɗaya da tsari yana ƙunshe a cikin shuɗin chromosomal. Kwayoyin chromosomes na kowane tantanin halitta a cikin jiki suna da mahimmanci ga aikin wannan tantanin halitta. Amma duk da haka, waɗannan chromosomes ana sarrafa su akai-akai saboda ana yin kurakurai a lokacin aikin kwafi na DNA kuma saboda ya zama ruwan dare ga nucleotides na raguwa cikin lokaci. Don kare bayanan kwayoyin halitta na chromosome, ana samun telomere a kowane ƙarshen chromosome. Telomere yana samun lalacewa kuma yana ƙasƙanta a maimakon kwayoyin halitta da tantanin halitta ke buƙata. Wadannan telomeres suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye aikin tantanin halitta. 

Kiyaye Matasan mu

Telomeres a cikin manya masu lafiya suna da tsayin tushe guda 7000-9000, suna ƙirƙirar shinge mai ƙarfi daga lalata DNA. Yayin da telomeres ya fi tsayi, mafi tsayin daka da chromosome zai iya tsayayya da wannan lalacewa. Tsawon telomeres na wani yana shafar abubuwa daban-daban da suka haɗa da nauyin jiki, muhalli, da matsayin tattalin arziki. Abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki na yau da kullun, da matsakaicin matakan damuwa suna rage raguwar telomere sosai. A daya hannun, kiba, rashin lafiya ko rashin cin abinci mara kyau, yawan damuwa da halaye irin su shan taba suna da mummunan tasiri a kan telomeres na jiki. Yayin da telomeres ke raguwa, chromosomes sun fi fuskantar haɗari. Saboda haka, yayin da telomeres ke raguwa, haɗarin cututtukan zuciya na zuciya, gazawar zuciya, ciwon sukari, ciwon daji da osteoporosis yana ƙaruwa, duk waɗannan suna faruwa a lokacin tsufa. 

Enzyme telomerase na iya ƙara tsawon telomeres na jiki. Wannan enzyme ya fi yawa a cikin sel a lokacin haɓakawa na farko kuma ana samuwa ne kawai a cikin ƙananan matakan a cikin ƙwayoyin manya a cikin jiki. Duk da haka, a lokacin nazarin su NIH da Calado sun gano cewa androgens, mai maganin steroid ga hormones na mutum, a cikin tsarin tsarin da ba na mutum ba ya kara yawan aikin telomerase. An gudanar da gwajin asibiti don ganin ko irin wannan tasirin zai faru a cikin mutane. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa, saboda androgens da sauri suna canzawa zuwa estrogens a cikin jikin mutum, ya fi tasiri a yi amfani da hormone Danazol na roba maimakon.   

A cikin manya masu lafiya, telomeres suna raguwa da nau'i-nau'i 25-28 a shekara; ƙaramin, har ma da ƙarancin canji wanda ke ba da damar rayuwa mai tsawo. Marasa lafiya 27 a cikin gwaji na asibiti suna da maye gurbi na telomerase kuma, a sakamakon haka, sun rasa daga 100 zuwa 300 tushe guda biyu a shekara akan kowane telomere. Binciken, wanda aka gudanar a cikin shekaru biyu na jiyya, ya nuna cewa tsawon telomere na marasa lafiya ya karu da nau'i-nau'i 386 a shekara a matsakaici.