Momwe mungakhalire wachinyamata kwamuyaya

Chaka chilichonse makampani odzikongoletsa amapeza ndalama zokwana madola mabiliyoni ambiri kugulitsa mafuta odzola, seramu, ndi mankhwala amatsenga pofuna kupewa kukalamba kwa achinyamata. Ndi bizinesi yabwino; padzakhala nthawi zonse anthu omwe amawopa ukalamba, ndipo nthawi zonse padzakhala kupitirira kosalephereka kwa nthawi pang'onopang'ono kunyozetsa matupi awo. Kumbali ina, gulu lathu nthawi zonse limakonda achichepere ndi okongola, zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi chogwiritsa ntchito ndalama pakukonza kukongola. Komabe, machiritso onsewa "otsimikiziridwa ndichipatala" samachita chilichonse kuthana ndi ukalamba. Zedi, mankhwalawa amadzaza makwinya ndikuwoneka bwino (Ndikutha kumva malonda tsopano - "Zolimba! Zolimba! WABWINO!") Koma thupi likupitirizabe kukalamba.Mwina sayansi yagonjetsa makampani okongola kwambiri pa ndalama izi- kuyambitsa nkhani powulula njira yeniyeni yoletsera ukalamba.

Chifukwa chiyani timakalamba

Posachedwapa, National Institute of Health (NIH) mogwirizana ndi Rodrigo Calado, pulofesa ku yunivesite ya Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto Medical School, anamaliza mayesero a zachipatala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo otchedwa Danazol. Danazol imalimbana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa ukalamba: kuwonongeka kwa telomere. Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa adapangidwa kwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda okalamba msanga komanso ofooketsa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa telomerase, Danazol ikhoza kusinthidwa ngati mankhwala oletsa kukalamba.

Telomeres, kapangidwe ka DNA-mapuloteni, amawonedwa ngati chinsinsi cha ukalamba chifukwa cha ubale wawo ndi ma chromosome. Kachitidwe kalikonse ka thupi limodzi ndi kachitidwe kake kamakhala ndi ndondomeko ya chromosomal. Ma chromosome a selo lililonse m’thupi ndi ofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya seloyo. Komabe, ma chromosome amenewa amasinthidwa nthawi zonse chifukwa chakuti zolakwa zimachitika panthawi ya DNA kubwerezabwereza komanso chifukwa chachilendo kuti ma nucleotide awonongeke pakapita nthawi. Pofuna kuteteza chidziwitso cha majini cha chromosome, telomere imapezeka kumapeto kulikonse kwa chromosome. Telomere imawonongeka ndikuwonongeka m'malo mwa chibadwa chomwe selo limafunikira kwambiri. Ma telomerewa amathandiza kusunga ntchito ya selo. 

Kusunga Achinyamata Athu

Ma telomere mwa akulu akulu athanzi amakhala ma 7000-9000 oyambira awiriatali, kupanga chotchinga champhamvu motsutsana ndi kuwonongeka kwa DNA. Ma telomere akatalika, m'pamenenso chromosome imatha kukana kuwonongeka kumeneko. Kutalika kwa ma telomeres a munthu kumakhudzidwa ndi kusweka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo kulemera kwa thupi, chilengedwe, ndi chuma. Zakudya zathanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, komanso kupsinjika kwapakati kumachepetsa kufupikitsa kwa telomere kwambiri. Kumbali inayi, kunenepa kwambiri, kudya zakudya zosayenera kapena zosasinthasintha, kupanikizika kwambiri ndi zizoloŵezi monga kusuta zimakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga kwambiri ma telomere a thupi. Pamene ma telomere akucheperachepera, ma chromosome amakhala pachiwopsezo. Chifukwa chake, pamene ma telomere akufupikitsa, ngozi ya matenda a mtima, kulephera kwa mtima, matenda a shuga, khansa ndi osteoporosis zimawonjezeka, zomwe zonsezi zimakhala zofala mu ukalamba. 

Enzyme telomerase imatha kukulitsa utali wa ma telomere amthupi. Enzyme iyi imakhala yochuluka kwambiri m'maselo pakukula koyambirira ndipo imapezeka m'magulu otsika m'maselo akuluakulu m'thupi. Komabe, mkati mwa kafukufuku wawo a NIH ndi Calado adapeza kuti androgens, kalambulabwalo wa steroid ku mahomoni amunthu, m'machitidwe osakhala aumunthu adakulitsa ntchito ya telomerase. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kunachitika kuti awone ngati zotsatira zomwezo zidzachitika mwa anthu. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti, chifukwa ma androgens amasintha mwachangu kukhala ma estrogens m'thupi la munthu, ndizothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito hormone yachimuna yotchedwa Danazol m'malo mwake.   

Kwa akuluakulu athanzi, ma telomere amafupikitsidwa ndi 25-28 base pairs pachaka; kusintha kochepa, ngakhale konyozeka komwe kumalola moyo wautali. Odwala 27 mu mayeso azachipatala anali ndi masinthidwe amtundu wa telomerase ndipo, chifukwa chake, anali kutayika kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 300 oyambira awiri pachaka pa telomere iliyonse. Kafukufukuyu, yemwe adachitidwa zaka ziwiri za chithandizo, adawonetsa kuti kutalika kwa telomere kwa odwala kumawonjezeka ndi 386 awiri awiri pachaka pafupifupi.