Nasarar Neman Maganin Tsufa

’Yan Adam za su iya rayuwa har abada? Shin ba da daɗewa ba tsufa zai zama tarihi? Shin rashin mutuwa zai zama al'ada ga 'yan adam? A cewar David Harrison na dakin gwaje-gwaje na Jackson da ke Bar Harbor, Maine, rashin mutuwa kadai dan Adam zai fuskanta zai faru a cikin almara na kimiyya.

"Hakika ba za mu kasance dawwama ba," in ji Harrison. “Wannan zancen banza ne. Amma, zai yi kyau kada a sami duk waɗannan abubuwa masu ban tsoro su faru da mu akan irin wannan tsattsauran jadawali…. Karin wasu 'yan shekaru na tsawon rayuwar lafiya - Ina tsammanin hakan yana da yuwuwa. "

Lab ɗin Harrison ɗaya ne daga cikin da yawa waɗanda ke gudanar da bincike kan ilimin halittar ɗan adam, tare da ƙwararrun Harrison kasancewar yin amfani da ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta wajen nazarin tasirin tsufa akan nau'ikan tsarin ilimin lissafi.

Lab na Harrison wani bangare ne na Shirin Gwajin Matsalolin, wanda, a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiya ta UT da Jami'ar Michigan, na nufin gwada nau'o'in mahadi don sanin tasirin su, mai kyau da mara kyau, akan ilmin halitta na tsufa.

"Ina tsammanin muna da tasiri mai yawa na ɗan adam riga, a cikin wannan tare da Shirin Gwajin Tsare-tsare, mun sami abubuwa da yawa da za mu iya ba wa berayen da ke ƙara yawan rayuwa - har zuwa 23, 24 bisa dari," in ji Harrison.

Saboda gaskiyar cewa beraye sun fi mutane saurin sau 25, amfani da su wajen gwajin tsufa yana da matuƙar mahimmanci. Harrison ya ce ko da yake beraye suna da kyau don gwajin tsufa, maimaita gwaje-gwajen da tsawaita lokaci suna da mahimmanci ga nasarar binciken. Lab na Harrison ya fara gwaji lokacin da linzamin kwamfuta ya cika watanni 16, wanda zai sa ya yi daidai da shekarun mutum 50.

Daya daga cikin mahadi da dakin gwaje-gwaje na Harrison ya gwada shine rapamycin, maganin rigakafi da aka riga aka yi amfani da shi a cikin mutane don hana watsi da gaɓoɓin gaɓoɓi a cikin masu dashen koda.

Rapamycin, wanda aka fi sani da sirolimus, an gano shi a cikin 1970s, wanda kwayoyin cuta suka samo a cikin ƙasa a tsibirin Easter, ko Rapa Nui. A cewar "Rapamycin: Drug One, Many Effects" a cikin mujallar Cell Metabolism, Rapamycin yana aiki a matsayin mai hana mammalian hari na rapamycin (mTOR), wanda zai iya zama da amfani idan ya zo ga magance cututtuka iri-iri a cikin mutane.

Tare da beraye, Harrison ya ce dakin bincikensa ya ga fa'idodi masu kyau daga amfani da rapamycin wajen gwaji, kuma sinadarin ya kara tsawon rayuwar berayen.

A cewar wata wasiƙar da aka buga a cikin Nature a cikin 2009 ta dakunan gwaje-gwaje guda uku da ke cikin Shirin Gwajin Tsare-tsare, "Bisa ga shekarun mutuwar kashi 90%, rapamycin ya haifar da karuwar kashi 14 cikin ɗari ga mata da kashi 9 na maza" dangane da jimlar rayuwa. Ko da yake an ga karuwa a cikin rayuwar gaba ɗaya, babu bambanci a cikin yanayin cututtuka tsakanin berayen da aka yi wa rapamycin da berayen da ba su kasance ba. Wannan yana nuna cewa rapamycin bazai kai hari ga kowace takamaiman cuta ba, amma a maimakon haka yana ƙara tsawon rayuwa kuma yana magance matsalar tsufa gaba ɗaya. Harrison ya ce daga baya bincike ya goyi bayan wannan ra'ayin.

"Mice suna kama da mutane a cikin ilimin halittarsu," in ji Harrison. "Don haka, idan kuna da wani abu, wanda ke rage saurin tsufa a cikin berayen, akwai kyakkyawar damar cewa zai rage shi a cikin mutane."

Kodayake an riga an yi amfani da shi a cikin mutane don masu dashen koda, amfani da rapamycin a cikin mutane don maganin tsufa ya iyakance saboda yiwuwar illa. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da rapamycin shine cewa yana haifar da karuwa a cikin yiwuwar bunkasa ciwon sukari na 2.

A cewar Harrison, mutanen da ke karbar drapamycin sun kasance kashi 5 cikin dari sun fi kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 2 fiye da mutanen da ba a ba su sinadarin ba.

"Tabbas, idan akwai damar da ya dace na wani abu yana rage yawan rikice-rikice na tsufa da kuma kara tsawon rayuwata ko da kashi 5 ko 10, ina tsammanin karuwa a cikin hadarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 2, wanda ke da iko kuma zan iya lura. domin, haɗari ne mai karɓuwa," in ji Harrison. "Ina da tsammanin cewa mutane da yawa za su ji haka, amma ba haka ba ne mutanen da suke yanke shawara."

Harrison ya yi imanin cewa rapamycin na iya zama mai fa'ida sosai a cikin mutane, har ma da wani abu mai sauƙi kamar ƙara ƙarfin tsofaffi don cin gajiyar samar da rigakafin mura.

"Bisa ga gaskiyar cewa rapamycin ya yi kama da amfani da berayen ko da lokacin da aka fara lokacin da suke (masu linzamin kwamfuta daidai) shekaru 65 (mutum), yana iya yiwuwa mu sami abubuwan da za su amfana da tsofaffi da matasa," Harrison yace.

Koyaya, dole ne a ɗauki matakai masu mahimmanci a cikin al'adu da doka kafin a iya aiwatar da kowane irin gwajin rigakafin tsufa ga ɗan adam.

"A matsayina na masanin kimiyya, ina fuskantar gaskiya," in ji Harrison. "Mutane da yawa suna yin imani da cewa sun yi imani. Ana iya canza dokar ɗan adam tare da bugun alkalami. Dokokin dabi'a - wannan yana da ɗan tauri. Abin takaici ne cewa mutane da yawa (na iya) rasa waɗannan ƙarin shekaru masu lafiya saboda rashin amfani da dokar ɗan adam. "