Kupambana Kwambiri Popeza Chithandizo cha Ukalamba

Kodi anthu angakhale ndi moyo kosatha? Kodi ukalamba udzakhala chinthu chakale posachedwapa? Kodi kusafa kudzakhala chizolowezi cha mtundu wa anthu? Malinga ndi kunena kwa David Harrison wa mu The Jackson Laboratory ku Bar Harbor, Maine, kusafa kokhako kumene anthu adzakhala nako kudzachitika m’nkhani zopeka za sayansi.

“N’zoona kuti sitidzakhala osakhoza kufa,” anatero Harrison. “Zimenezo ndi zamkhutu. Koma, zingakhale bwino kuti zinthu zonsezi zisatichitikire pa dongosolo lolimba chotero…. Zaka zingapo zowonjezera moyo wathanzi - ndikuganiza kuti ndizotheka. ”

Labu ya Harrison ndi amodzi mwa ambiri omwe akuchita kafukufuku wa biology ya ukalamba, ndipo luso la Harrison ndikugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za mbewa pophunzira momwe ukalamba umakhudzira machitidwe osiyanasiyana a thupi.

Labu ya Harrison ndi gawo la Interventions Testing Programme, yomwe, mogwirizana ndi UT Health Science Center ndi yunivesite ya Michigan, ikufuna kuyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala kuti adziwe zotsatira zake, zabwino ndi zoipa, pa biology ya ukalamba.

"Ndikuganiza kuti tili ndi tanthauzo laumunthu kale, chifukwa ndi Interventions Testing Program, tapeza zinthu zingapo zomwe tingapereke kwa mbewa zomwe zimawonjezera moyo wautali - mpaka 23, 24 peresenti," adatero Harrison.

Chifukwa chakuti mbewa zimakula mwachangu kuwirikiza 25 kuposa anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pakuyesa kukalamba ndikofunikira kwambiri. Harrison adati ngakhale mbewa ndizoyenera kuyezetsa ukalamba, kubwereza zoyeserera komanso nthawi yayitali ndikofunikira kuti kafukufukuyu achite bwino. Labu ya Harrison imayamba kuyesa mbewa ili ndi miyezi 16, zomwe zingafanane ndi zaka za munthu wazaka 50.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe labu ya Harrison adayezetsa ndi rapamycin, anti-immunosuppressant yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kale mwa anthu kuteteza kukana kwa chiwalo kwa odwala omwe amawaika impso.

Rapamycin, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sirolimus, idapezeka m'ma 1970, yopangidwa ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'nthaka ya pachilumba cha Easter, kapena Rapa Nui. Malinga ndi "Rapamycin: Mankhwala Amodzi, Zotsatira Zambiri" m'magazini ya Cell Metabolism, Rapamycin imakhala ngati choletsa ku mammalian chandamale cha rapamycin(mTOR), chomwe chingakhale chopindulitsa pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana mwa anthu.

Ndi mbewa, Harrison adanena kuti labu yake adawona ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito rapamycin poyesa, komanso kuti mankhwalawa amawonjezera moyo wonse wa mbewa.

Malinga ndi kalata yomwe idasindikizidwa mu Nature mu 2009 ndi ma lab atatu omwe adakhudzidwa ndi Interventions Testing Program, "Potengera zaka zomwe zimafa ndi 90%, rapamycin idapangitsa kuti chiwonjezeko cha 14% cha akazi ndi 9 peresenti cha amuna" potengera moyo wonse. Ngakhale kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yonse ya moyo kunawoneka, panalibe kusiyana kwa machitidwe a matenda pakati pa mbewa zothandizidwa ndi rapamycin ndi mbewa zomwe sizinali. Izi zikusonyeza kuti rapamycin sangayang'ane matenda enaake, koma m'malo mwake amawonjezera nthawi ya moyo ndikuthana ndi vuto la kukalamba kwathunthu. Harrison adanena kuti kafukufuku wamtsogolo wathandizira lingaliroli.

"Mbewa zimakhala ngati anthu a biology," adatero Harrison. "Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi china chake, chomwe chimachepetsa kukalamba kwa mbewa, pali mwayi waukulu kuti chichepetse mwa anthu."

Ngakhale kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale mwa anthu kwa odwala omwe amawaika impso, kugwiritsa ntchito rapamycin mwa anthu pochiza matenda okalamba kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha zotsatira zake. Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi rapamycin ndikuti zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.

Malinga ndi Harrison, anthu omwe amalandira drapamycin anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 5 kuposa anthu omwe sanapatsidwe mankhwalawa.

"Ndithudi, ngati pangakhale mwayi woti chinachake chimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zovuta za ukalamba ndikuwonjezera moyo wanga ngakhale 5 kapena 10 peresenti, ndikuganiza kuti chiwopsezo changa chokhala ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 chiwonjezeka, chomwe chimatha kulamuliridwa ndipo ndimatha kusamala. chifukwa, ndi chiopsezo chovomerezeka," adatero Harrison. “Ndimakayikira kuti anthu ambiri angamvenso choncho, koma si mmene anthu osankha zochita amamvera.

Harrison amakhulupirira kuti rapamycin ikhoza kukhala yopindulitsa kwambiri mwa anthu, ngakhale ndi chinthu chophweka monga kuwonjezera luso la okalamba kuti apindule ndi katemera wa chimfine.

"Kutengera mfundo yakuti rapamycin inkawoneka kuti imapindulitsa mbewa ngakhale zitayamba pamene zinali (zofanana ndi mbewa) zaka 65 (anthu), zikhoza kukhala zotheka kuti tipeze zinthu zopindulitsa anthu achikulire komanso achinyamata," Harrison. adatero.

Komabe, zofunikira pazachikhalidwe ndi malamulo ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa musanayesedwe kwa anthu.

"Monga wasayansi, ndikulimbana ndi zenizeni," adatero Harrison. "Anthu azamalamulo akuchita ndi kupanga kukhulupirira, kuti amapanga. Lamulo la anthu likhoza kusinthidwa ndi cholembera. Lamulo lachilengedwe - ndizolimba pang'ono. N'zokhumudwitsa kuti anthu ambiri (akhoza) kuphonya zaka zowonjezereka zathanzi chifukwa cha malamulo a anthu."