Izinyathelo ezinikwe amandla endleleni efanele

Njalo ngonyaka kuyo yonke iNyakatho Melika, kukhona cishe izigameko ezintsha ezingu-16,000 zokulimala komgogodla noma ukukhubazeka. Kusukela kusihlalo esinamasondo esinenjini ukuya kuma-robotic exoskeleton, ososayensi nabaklami bebesebenza neziguli ukuze bazisize baphinde bathole okunye okufana nokuhamba kwazo ezilahlekile. Manje, ikusasa lingase libe sekusebenzisaneni nalobu buchwepheshe ekufuneni ikhambi eliqondile. 

Ngo-April ka-2016, inkampani yamarobhothi i-Ekso Bionics yathola imvume evela kwa-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yokusebenzisa i-exoskeleton yayo ekwelapheni abantu abakhubazekile ngenxa yokushaywa unhlangothi noma ukulimala komgogodla. Ngokusebenzisana nenombolo yezikhungo zokulungisa isimo, imodeli ye-Ekso GT isetshenziswe ezifundweni eziningi zomtholampilo ezibandakanya iziguli ezinokukhubazeka. Isigaba sokuqala sesilingo somtholampilo sihlelelwe ukuthi siphele ngoFebhuwari ka-2017, nokutholakele kokuqala okuzokwethulwa ku-93rd American Congress of Rehabilitation in Medicine (ACRM) e-Chicago. 

Nakuba isisekelo ku-exoskeleton sihlala sifana -ukusebenzisa amandla angaphandle ukuze usize ukunyakaza, ikakhulukazi ukuhamba—intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ivule ezinye izindlela zamandla azo. Amamodeli athuthukile asuka ngale kwe-passive, giya-and-servos elawulwa kude ayisa isiguli phambili. Amasistimu asebenzisekayo angeziwe ahlanganiswe izinkampani eziningi, lapho izindlela zempendulo zithuthukisa ukunyakaza kwezitho, zigcina ibhalansi, futhi zilungisa phakathi noshintsho ekucindezelekeni noma ekulayisheni. 

Imodeli ye-Ekso iqhubela phambili lesi sinyathelo “ngokufundisa” iziguli ukuthi zisebenzise izitho zazo futhi. Ama-Microprocessors athumela amasiginali ukuze akhuthaze umgogodla, okusiza ukugcina ithoni yemisipha futhi asize iziguli ekuhambeni kwazo zonke izingalo nemilenze yazo. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngokuzibandakanya kanye nokubandakanya ukuhlanganyela kwesiguli ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, isimiso sezinzwa singaqala ukufunda kabusha futhi siphinde sithole imisebenzi yaso. U-Ekso ukholelwa ukuthi ngokufaka ama-exoskeleton kumaphrothokholi e-rehab okukhubazeka, lezi ziguli zingakwazi ukuvuselela ukunyakaza kwazo ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi mhlawumbe zilulame ezimeni zazo. 

Ukuthola imvume ye-FDA kubalulekile ngoba kuvumela ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwemitholampilo ukuthi kwenziwe. Ngokufaka izinombolo ezinkulu ezifundweni ezilandelanayo, noma iyiphi idatha eqoqiwe izobaluleka ekunqumeni ukuthi ingakanani inzuzo lo mkhiqizo ongayinikeza ngempela isiguli esikhubazekile. 

Ukugunyazwa kwe-FDA kungase kuholele ekufinyeleleni okwengeziwe kulawa madivayisi. Izindleko zesitikha zalawa ma-exoskeletons zihlala zinenani eliphezulu; ukufakwa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kungasiza ukuxhasa izindleko. Ngokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwawo kuza nesibopho sikahulumeni sokuqoka izinsiza ezidingekayo ezizokwenza la ma-exoskeleton afinyeleleke kulabo abawadinga kakhulu. 

Ezigulini ezihlaselwe i-stroke, noma ukulimala komgogodla, lokhu kungaba unkulunkulu ngempela; ubuchwepheshe obutholakalayo okungeke kuphela kubasize bahambe futhi, kodwa ngosuku lunye banikeze ikhono lokwenza kanjalo bebodwa.