Kodi tikuwononga dziko lathu?

Zonse zomwe timachita zimakhudza chilengedwe. Kuwerenga nkhaniyi kumafuna kompyuta kapena foni yam'manja yomwe idapangidwa mosakhazikika m'dziko lomwe lili ndi malamulo otayirira kwambiri azachilengedwe. Magetsi omwe amakuthandizani kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi akhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku malasha kapena malo ena osawonjezedwanso. Chipangizocho chikatha kugwira ntchito, chimatayidwa pamalo otayirapo pansi pomwe chimathira mankhwala oopsa m'madzi apansi.

Chilengedwe chathu chikhoza kukhala chokhazikika ndipo, posakhalitsa, chidzakhala chosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe tikudziwira lero. Momwe timatenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa nyumba zathu, mphamvu zamagetsi zathu, kuyenda, kutaya zinyalala, kudya ndi kukonza chakudya kumakhudza kwambiri nyengo, nyama zakuthengo, ndi malo a dziko lapansi.

Ngati sitisintha zizoloŵezi zowononga zimenezi, dziko limene ana athu ndi adzukulu athu amakhalamo lidzakhala losiyana kwambiri ndi lathu. Tiyenera kusamala pochita izi, chifukwa ngakhale zolinga zathu zabwino nthawi zambiri zimawononga chilengedwe.

'Green' Tsoka

Malo osungiramo madzi a Three Gorges ku China akuyenera kupanga mphamvu zobiriwira, koma polojekitiyi ndi zomangamanga zomwe zikugwirizana nazo zawononga malo osasinthika ndipo zawonjezera ngozi za masoka achilengedwe.

M’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Yangtze womwe unasinthidwanso njira, womwe ndi umodzi mwa mtsinje waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse, chiwopsezo cha kugwa kwa nthaka chawonjezeka pafupifupi kaŵiri. Anthu pafupifupi theka la miliyoni atha kukhala atasamutsidwa chifukwa cha kugumuka kwa nthaka pofika chaka cha 2020. Poganizira kuchuluka kwa dothi lomwe limatsagana ndi kugumuka kwa nthaka, chilengedwe chidzavutika kwambiri. Komanso, popeza malo osungiramo madziwo amamangidwa pamwamba pa mizere ikuluikulu ikuluikulu iwiri, zivomezi zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha zombozi ndizodetsa nkhawa kwambiri.

Asayansi ati chivomezi cha 2008 ku Sichuan, chomwe chidapha anthu 80,000, chidaipitsidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha zivomezi zomwe zidachitika mu Damu la Zipingpu, lomwe linamangidwa pa mtunda wochepera theka la kilomita kuchokera pomwe chidachitika chivomezicho.

"Kumadzulo kwa China, kufunafuna mbali imodzi yopezera phindu pazachuma kuchokera kumagetsi opangira madzi kwabwera chifukwa cha anthu osamutsidwa, chilengedwe, malo ndi chikhalidwe chake," akutero Fan Xiao, katswiri wa sayansi ya nthaka ku Sichuan. "Kukula kwa mphamvu ya Hydropower ndikosokonekera komanso kosalamulirika, ndipo kwafika pamlingo wopenga. "

Gawo lowopsa kwambiri pa zonsezi? Asayansi akulosera kuti chivomezi chomwe chidzachitike ndi Damu la Three Gorges chingayambitse tsoka lalikulu la chilengedwe ndi ndalama za anthu nthawi ina mkati mwa zaka 40 zikubwerazi ngati chitukuko chidzapitirira monga momwe anakonzera.

Madzi a Mzimu

Kupha nsomba mopambanitsa kwafika poipa kwambiri moti mitundu yambiri ya nsomba yatsala pang’ono kutha. Zombo zapadziko lonse za usodzi ndi zazikulu kuwirikiza ka 2.5 kuposa zomwe nyanja yathu ingathandizire, kuposa theka la nsomba zapadziko lonse lapansi zatha, ndipo 25% imawonedwa ngati "yogwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso, yatha, kapena kuchira pakugwa" malinga ndi World Wildlife Foundation.

Zochepetsedwa kufika pa khumi peresenti ya chiŵerengero chawo choyambirira, nsomba zazikulu za m’nyanja zapadziko ( tuna, swordfish, marlin, cod, halibut, skate, ndi flounder) zachotsedwa m’malo awo achilengedwe. Pokhapokha zitasintha, zidzakhala zitatha pofika 2048.

Ukatswiri wa usodzi wasintha ntchito yomwe kale inali yodziwika bwino, yokhala ndi fakitale yoyandama yomwe ili ndi luso lofufuza nsomba. Boti likangonena kuti malo opherako ndi akeake, nsomba zam'deralo zidzatsika ndi 80% m'zaka khumi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu.

Malingana ndi Dr. Boris Worm, Marine Research Ecologist ndi Pulofesa Wothandizira pa yunivesite ya Dalhousie, "Kusokonekera kwa zamoyo za m'nyanja kukuchititsa kuti nyanjayi isathe kupereka chakudya, kusunga madzi abwino, ndiponso kuyambiranso kusokonezeka."

Komabe, chiyembekezo chidakalipo. Malinga ndi nkhani m'magazini yamaphunziro Science, "Deta yomwe ilipo ikuwonetsa kuti pakadali pano, machitidwewa akadali osinthika".

Zoipa Zambiri za Malasha

Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira moyenera kuti vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe la malasha ndi kutentha kwa dziko komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mpweya. Tsoka ilo, sipamene zotsatira zake zimathera.

Kukumba malasha kumakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zimachitika. Popeza malasha ndi gwero lamphamvu lotsika mtengo kuposa gasi, ndi jenereta yamagetsi yofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pafupifupi 25% ya malasha padziko lonse lapansi ali ku US, makamaka m'madera amapiri monga Appalachia.

Njira zazikulu zopangira malasha ndikuchotsa pamwamba pamapiri ndi migodi; zonsezi ndi zowononga kwambiri chilengedwe. Kuchotsa pamwamba pa phirili kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa nsonga ya phirilo mpaka mamita 1,000 kuti malasha achotsedwe mkati mwa phirilo. Kukumba migodi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo a malasha atsopano omwe sali ozama kwambiri m'phiri ngati akale. Pamwamba pa nkhope ya phiri kapena phiri (komanso zonse zomwe zimakhalapo kapena momwemo) zimachotsedwa mosamala kotero kuti mchere uliwonse womwe ungatheke umawonekera ndikutha kukumbidwa.

Njira zonse ziwirizi zimawononga chilichonse cha m’phirili, kaya ndi mitundu ya nyama, nkhalango zakalekale, kapena mitsinje ya madzi oundana.

Maekala opitilira 300,000 a nkhalango zamitengo yolimba ku West Virginia (yomwe ili ndi 4% ya malasha padziko lonse lapansi) awonongedwa ndi migodi, ndipo akuti 75% ya mitsinje ndi mitsinje ku West Virginia idaipitsidwa ndi migodi ndi mafakitale ogwirizana nawo. Kupitirizabe kuchotsedwa kwa mitengo m’derali kumayambitsa kukokoloka kosakhazikika, kuwononganso malo ozungulira ndi malo okhala nyama. M'zaka makumi awiri zikubwerazi, akuti oposa 90% a madzi apansi ku West Virginia adzakhala oipitsidwa ndi zotsatira za migodi.

"Ndikuganiza kuti [kuwonongekako] kukuwonekera bwino kwambiri. Ndizokakamiza kwambiri, ndipo zingakhale zopanda phindu kwa anthu omwe akukhala [ku Appalachia] kunena kuti tiyenera kungophunzira zambiri, "akutero Michael Hendryx, pulofesa wa zamankhwala ammudzi. ku yunivesite ya West Virginia. "Ndalama zomwe makampani amamwalira asanakwane ndi zovuta zina zimaposa phindu lililonse."

Magalimoto Opha

Gulu lathu lodalira magalimoto ndi gawo linanso lalikulu pakuwonongeka kwathu kwamtsogolo. 20% ya mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ku US umachokera ku magalimoto okha. Pali magalimoto opitilira 232 miliyoni pamsewu ku US, ndipo pafupifupi magalimoto amadya malita 2271 amafuta pachaka. Mwamasamu, izi zikutanthauza kuti pachaka timawononga malita 526,872,000,000 amafuta osawonjezedwanso kuti tiyende.

Galimoto imodzi imapanga mapaundi 12,000 a carbon dioxide chaka chilichonse kupyolera mu utsi wake; zingatenge mitengo 240 kuti athetse ndalamazo. Mpweya wowonjezera kutentha wobwera chifukwa cha mayendedwe amangotsala pang'ono 28 peresenti ya mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ku US, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yachiwiri pamakampani opanga magetsi.

Utsi wagalimoto uli ndi kuchuluka kwa ma carcinogens ndi mpweya wapoizoni kuphatikiza tinthu ta nitrogen oxide, ma hydrocarbon, ndi sulfure dioxide. Kuchuluka kokwanira, mpweya wotere ukhoza kuyambitsa matenda opuma.

Kupatulapo mpweya, njira yobowolera kuti mafuta azipatsa mphamvu zamagalimoto amawononganso chilengedwe: kaya pamtunda kapena pansi pamadzi, pali zotulukapo pakuchita izi zomwe sizinganyalanyazidwe.

Kubowola nthaka kumapangitsa kuti mitundu yamtundu wamtunduwu iwonongeke; kumapanga kufunikira kwa misewu yopita kukamangidwa, kaŵirikaŵiri kupyolera m’nkhalango zowirira zachikale; ndi kuwononga madzi apansi apamtunda, kupangitsa kusinthika kwachilengedwe kukhala kosatheka. Kubowola panyanja kumaphatikizapo kutumiza mafutawo kumtunda, kubweretsa masoka achilengedwe monga kutayikira kwa BP ku Gulf of Mexico, ndi kutayika kwa Exxon-Valdez mu 1989.

Pakhala pali mafuta opitilira 40 miliyoni otayira padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 1978, ndipo zotulutsa zamafuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa zotayira nthawi zambiri zimawononga zamoyo zam'madzi limodzi ndi mafutawo, ndikuwononga nyanja yonse kwa mibadwomibadwo. . Pali chiyembekezo, komabe, magalimoto amagetsi ayambanso kutchuka, komanso atsogoleri apadziko lonse lapansi akudzipereka kuti achepetse kutulutsa mpweya kufupi ndi ziro m'zaka zikubwerazi. Mpaka mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene atakhala ndi luso laumisiri wotere, tiyenera kuyembekezera kuti kutentha kwa dziko kudzachuluka m’zaka 50 zikubwerazi ndipo nyengo yoipitsitsa kwambiri ndi kusakhala bwino kwa mpweya zidzakhala zochitika zachilendo m’malo mosinthana ndi nyengo.

Kuipitsa ndi Zopanga

Mwinamwake chokhumudwitsa chathu chachikulu ndicho mmene timapangira chakudya chathu.

Malinga ndi EPA, ulimi wamakono ndi womwe umayambitsa 70% ya kuipitsidwa kwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje ya US; Kusefukira kwa mankhwala, feteleza, nthaka yoipitsidwa, ndi zinyalala za nyama kwaipitsa njira yamadzi pafupifupi makilomita 278,417. Zomwe zimatuluka m'madziwa ndikuwonjezeka kwa nayitrogeni komanso kuchepa kwa okosijeni m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale "zigawo zakufa" kumene zomera za m'madzi zimatsamwitsa nyama zomwe zimakhala kumeneko.

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amateteza mbewu ku tizilombo tolusa, amapha mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo kuposa momwe amafunira ndipo amapha ndi kuwononga zamoyo zothandiza, monga njuchi. Chiwerengero cha njuchi m'minda ya ku America chinatsika kuchoka pa 4.4 miliyoni mu 1985 kufika pansi pa 2 miliyoni mu 1997, ndi kuchepa kokhazikika kuyambira pamenepo.

Monga ngati zimenezo sizoipa mokwanira, ulimi wa m’mafakitale ndi mmene anthu amadyera padziko lonse zachititsa kuti kusakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo. Tili ndi chizolowezi chowopsa chokonda mbewu zazikulu zamtundu umodzi wazakudya. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 23,000 ya zomera zomwe zimadyedwa padziko lapansi, zomwe anthu amangodya pafupifupi 400.

Mu 1904, panali mitundu 7,098 ya maapulo ku USA; 86% tsopano yatha. Ku Brazil, nkhumba zokwana 12 zokha mwa 32 zatsala, zomwe panopa zili pangozi ya kutha. Ngati sitisintha zomwe zikuchitikazi, kutha kwa zamoyo ndi kutha kwa nyama zomwe zidakhalapo kale zitha kuwopseza zachilengedwe zapadziko lonse lapansi kuposa momwe zimachitira panopo, komanso kuphatikiza ndi kusintha kwanyengo komwe kukuchitika, mibadwo yamtsogolo ikhoza kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza mitundu ina ya GMO. zokolola zomwe timakonda masiku ano.