Eco-drones yanzu suna lura da yanayin muhalli

Kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun kan kwatanta motocin marasa matuki (UAV), wanda kuma aka sani da drones, a matsayin injunan sa ido na jama'a da aka aika zuwa wuraren yaki. Wannan ɗaukar hoto sau da yawa yakan yi watsi da ambaton girman girman su ga binciken muhalli. Sashen Tsarin Muhalli a Jami'ar Calgary ya yi imanin cewa jirage marasa matuka za su buɗe sabuwar duniyar yuwuwar ga masu bincike.

"A cikin shekaru da yawa masu zuwa, muna tsammanin za a yi amfani da tsarin jiragen sama marasa matuki don ɗimbin batutuwan duniya da muhalli," in ji mataimakin farfesa kuma shugaban bincike na Cenovus Chris Hugenholtz na Faculty of Environmental Design (EVDS). "A matsayina na masanin kimiyyar duniya, na sha sha'awar kallon idon tsuntsu na rukunin yanar gizon bincike don ƙarawa ko haɓaka ma'aunin da aka yi a ƙasa," in ji Hugenholtz. "Drones na iya yin hakan mai yiwuwa kuma suna iya canza bangarori da yawa na duniya da binciken muhalli."

A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu sun bai wa masana kimiyya da masana muhalli damar ɗaukar hotuna, nazarin bala'o'i da sa ido kan ayyukan hakar albarkatu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Ana amfani da waɗannan bayanan bayanan don saita manufofi da kafa dabaru a cikin kula da haɗarin bala'i da tsare-tsaren ragewa. Bugu da kari, suna ba masana kimiyya damar sanya ido kan abubuwan muhalli kamar zaizayar kogi da tsarin aikin gona. Babban fa'ida da jiragen sama ke bayarwa yana da alaƙa da sarrafa haɗari; jirage marasa matuki suna ba masana kimiyya damar tattara bayanai daga mahalli masu haɗari ba tare da haɗarin lafiyar mutum ba. 

Misali, a cikin 2004 Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayin Kasa ta Amurka (USGS) ta yi gwajin jirage marasa matuki yayin binciken ayyukan da ake yi a Dutsen St. Helen. Sun nuna cewa ana iya amfani da injuna yadda ya kamata don kama bayanai masu inganci a wuraren da ke da wuyar isa. Jiragen marasa matuka sun sami damar kama bayanai a cikin wani yanayi mai cike da toka mai aman wuta da sulfur. Tun da wannan aikin mai nasara, masu haɓakawa sun rage girman kyamarori, na'urori masu zafi kuma sun haɓaka ƙarin tsarin kewayawa da sarrafawa lokaci guda.

Ba tare da la'akari da fa'idodin ba, amfani da jirage marasa matuki na iya ƙara farashi mai mahimmanci ga ayyukan bincike. A cikin Amurka, kashe kuɗi na iya zuwa ko'ina daga $10,000 zuwa $350,000. A sakamakon haka, yawancin cibiyoyin bincike suna auna fa'idar farashi kafin yin amfani da su. Misali, Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Ruwa ta Kasa (NOAA) tana kimanta ko ya fi dacewa a biya kudin jirgi mara matuki maimakon jirgi mai saukar ungulu yayin binciken nau'in tsuntsaye.