Misonkho ya kaboni yokhazikitsidwa kuti ilowe m'malo mwa msonkho wapadziko lonse wogulitsa

Ndiye pali vuto lalikulu pakali pano lotchedwa kusintha kwa nyengo komwe anthu ena akulankhula (ngati simunamvepo, ichi ndi chiyambi chabwino), ndipo nthaŵi zonse pamene mitu yolankhula pawailesi yakanema imatchula nkhaniyo, mutu wa msonkho wa carbon umabwera nthaŵi zambiri.

Tanthauzo losavuta (Googled) la msonkho wa kaboni ndi msonkho wamafuta amafuta, makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magalimoto kapena kudyedwa panthawi yamakampani, pofuna kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide. Kutulutsa mpweya wochuluka kwa chinthu kapena ntchito kumawonjezera chilengedwe-kaya pakupangidwa kwake, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito, kapena zonse ziwiri - m'pamenenso msonkho womwe umayikidwa pa chinthu kapena ntchitoyo umakulirakulira.

Mwachidziwitso, izi zikuwoneka ngati msonkho wopindulitsa, womwe akatswiri azachuma ochokera kuzinthu zonse zandale athandizira pa mbiri ngati imodzi mwa njira zabwino zopulumutsira chilengedwe chathu. Chifukwa chake sizimagwira ntchito, komabe, ndichifukwa nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ngati msonkho wowonjezera umaposa womwe ulipo: msonkho wamalonda. Kwa anthu omwe amadana ndi misonkho komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu ovota omwe akuchulukira pachaka, malingaliro oti agwiritse ntchito mtundu uliwonse wa msonkho wa kaboni motere ndi osavuta kuponya. Ndipo zoona zake n’zakuti.

M’dziko limene tikukhalali masiku ano, munthu wamba amavutika kale kuti apeze cheke cha malipiro. Kufunsa anthu kuti alipire msonkho wowonjezera kuti apulumutse dziko lapansi sikungagwire ntchito, ndipo ngati mukukhala kunja kwa mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, kufunsa kuti kungakhalenso kosayenera.

Chifukwa chake tili ndi pickle apa: msonkho wa kaboni ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera kusintha kwanyengo, koma kuyikhazikitsa ngati msonkho wowonjezera sikutheka pazandale. Nanga bwanji tikadapereka msonkho wa kaboni m'njira yochepetsera mpweya wotenthetsa mpweya NDI kutsitsa misonkho kwa anthu ndi mabizinesi?

Misonkho yogulitsa ndi msonkho wa carbon - munthu ayenera kupita

Mosiyana ndi msonkho wa carbon, tonse timadziwa bwino za msonkho wamalonda. Ndi ndalama zowonjezera zomwe zimayikidwa pazomwe mumagula zomwe zimapita ku boma kuti zikuthandizeni kulipira zinthu za boma. Zoonadi, pali mitundu yambiri ya misonkho yogulitsa (zakudya), monga misonkho yogulitsa kwa opanga, misonkho yogulitsira, misonkho yogulitsira, misonkho yamalisiti onse, msonkho wogwiritsa ntchito, msonkho wa zotuluka, ndi Zambiri zambiri. Koma ndi mbali ya vuto.

Pali misonkho yambiri yogulitsira malonda, iliyonse ili ndi kukhululukidwa kochuluka komanso zopinga zovuta. Kuposa pamenepo, kuchuluka kwa msonkho wogwiritsidwa ntchito pa chilichonse ndi nambala yosawerengeka, yomwe imawonetsa zosowa zenizeni za boma, ndipo siziwonetsa mtengo weniweni wazinthu kapena mtengo wa chinthu kapena ntchito yomwe ikugulitsidwa. Ndi zosokoneza pang'ono.

Kotero apa pali malonda: M'malo mosunga misonkho yomwe timagulitsa panopa, tiyeni tisinthe zonse ndi msonkho wa carbon umodzi-umodzi wopanda kukhululukidwa ndi njira zowonongeka, womwe umawonetsa mtengo weniweni wa chinthu kapena ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamlingo uliwonse, nthawi iliyonse yomwe chinthu kapena ntchito ikasintha, msonkho umodzi wa kaboni umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalonda omwe amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kaboni wa chinthucho kapena ntchitoyo.

Kuti tifotokoze izi m'njira yomwe ikufika kunyumba, tiyeni tiwone zabwino zomwe lingaliroli lingakhale nalo pa osewera osiyanasiyana azachuma.

(Zolemba zam'mbali chabe, msonkho wa kaboni wofotokozedwa pansipa sudzalowa m'malo mwa tchimo kapena misonkho ya pigovian, komanso sichidzalowa m'malo mwa misonkho pazitetezo. Misonkho imeneyo imagwira ntchito pazolinga za anthu zokhudzana ndi koma zosiyana ndi msonkho wamalonda.)

Phindu kwa okhometsa msonkho wamba

Ndi msonkho wa kaboni m'malo mwa msonkho wogulitsa, mutha kulipira zambiri pazinthu zina ndi zochepa kwa ena. Kwa zaka zingapo zoyamba, zingapangitse zinthu kukhala zodula, koma pakapita nthawi, mphamvu zachuma zomwe mungawerenge pansipa zitha kupangitsa moyo wanu kukhala wotchipa chaka chilichonse. Zina mwazosiyana zazikulu zomwe mudzaziwona pansi pa msonkho wa kaboni uwu ndi izi:

Mudzayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi momwe kugula kwanu payekha kumakhudzira chilengedwe. Mukawona mtengo wa msonkho wa kaboni pamtengo wogula, mudzadziwa mtengo weniweni wa zomwe mukugula. Ndipo ndi chidziwitso chimenecho, mutha kupanga zisankho zambiri zogula.

Zogwirizana ndi mfundoyi, mudzakhalanso ndi mwayi wotsitsa misonkho yonse yomwe mumalipira pogula tsiku lililonse. Mosiyana ndi msonkho wamalonda womwe umakhala wokhazikika pazogulitsa zambiri, msonkho wa kaboni umasiyana malinga ndi momwe mankhwalawo amapangidwira komanso komwe akuchokera. Izi sizimangokupatsani mphamvu zambiri pazachuma zanu, komanso mphamvu zambiri pa ogulitsa omwe mumagula. Anthu ambiri akagula katundu kapena ntchito zotsika mtengo (zotengera msonkho wa kaboni), izi zimalimbikitsa ogulitsa ndi opereka chithandizo kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama zambiri popereka njira zogulira mpweya wochepa.

Ndi msonkho wa kaboni, zinthu zokometsera zachilengedwe ndi ntchito zidzawoneka zotsika mtengo modzidzimutsa poyerekeza ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe ndi ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti musinthe. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha izi ndi chakuti chakudya cha thanzi, chopangidwa m’dziko muno chidzakhala chotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi zakudya “zabwinobwino” zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera kumadera akutali a dziko lapansi. Ndi chifukwa chakuti mtengo wotumizira wa carbon wokhudzana ndi kuitanitsa chakudya umayikidwa pamtengo wapamwamba wa msonkho wa carbon, poyerekeza ndi chakudya chopangidwa kwanuko chomwe chimayenda makilomita ochepa kuchokera ku famu kupita kukhitchini yanu-kachiwiri, kuchepetsa mtengo wake womata ndipo mwinamwake ngakhale kutsika mtengo. kuposa chakudya wamba.

Pomaliza, popeza kugula zinthu zapakhomo m'malo mogulitsa kunja kudzakhala kotsika mtengo, mudzakhalanso okhutira pothandizira mabizinesi am'deralo ndikulimbitsa chuma chapakhomo. Ndipo pochita izi, mabizinesi adzakhala m'malo abwino olembera anthu ochulukirapo kapena kubweretsa ntchito zambiri kuchokera kunja. Chifukwa chake, izi ndizovuta zachuma.

Ubwino wamabizinesi ang'onoang'ono

Monga momwe mukuganizira pano, kusintha msonkho wamalonda ndi msonkho wa carbon kungakhalenso phindu lalikulu kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono am'deralo. Monga momwe msonkho wa kaboni uwu umalola anthu kuchepetsa msonkho pazinthu zomwe amagula, momwemonso umalola mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono kuchepetsa misonkho yawo yonse m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

Kwa ogulitsa, atha kuchepetsa ndalama zawo zogulira posunga mashelefu awo ndi zinthu zambiri kuchokera kumagulu otsika a msonkho wa kaboni pamitengo yomwe ili pamtengo wapamwamba wa msonkho wa kaboni.

Kwa opanga ang'onoang'ono, opanga zinthu zapakhomo, atha kugwiritsanso ntchito mwayi wosunga mtengo womwewo popeza zinthu zokhala ndi misonkho yotsika ya carbon kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zawo.

Opanga apakhomowa adzawonanso kukwera kwa malonda, chifukwa malonda awo adzagwera pansi pa misonkho yaing'ono ya carbon kusiyana ndi katundu wochokera kumadera ena a dziko lapansi. Kufupikitsa mtunda pakati pa malo awo opangira zinthu ndi wogulitsa malonda, kumachepetsa msonkho wa katundu wawo ndipo amatha kupikisana pamtengo ndi katundu wotsika mtengo wochokera kunja.

Momwemonso, opanga ang'onoang'ono apakhomo amatha kuwona maoda akuluakulu kuchokera kwa ogulitsa akuluakulu - a Walmart's ndi Costco's apadziko lonse lapansi - omwe angafune kuchepetsa ndalama zawo zamisonkho pogula zinthu zawo zambiri kunyumba.

Ubwino wamakampani akuluakulu

Mabungwe akuluakulu, omwe ali ndi madipatimenti owerengera ndalama okwera mtengo komanso mphamvu zazikulu zogula, atha kukhala opambana kwambiri pansi pa dongosolo latsopanoli la msonkho wa kaboni. M'kupita kwa nthawi, adzasokoneza manambala awo akuluakulu a deta kuti awone komwe angasungire ndalama zambiri zamisonkho ndikugula zinthu zawo kapena zopangira zawo moyenerera. Ndipo ngati dongosolo la misonkholi litakhazikitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi, makampaniwa atha kuchulukitsa ndalama zawo zamisonkho zochulukirachulukira, motero amachepetsa ndalama zonse zamisonkho kumlingo wochepa kwambiri wa zomwe amalipira masiku ano.

Koma monga tanena kale, zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mabizinesi zitha kukhala pakugula kwawo. Atha kukakamiza ogulitsa awo kuti apange katundu ndi zopangira m'njira zabwino kwambiri zachilengedwe, potero amachepetsa mtengo wokwanira wa kaboni wokhudzana ndi katundu ndi zida zopangira. Ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa kuchokera kuzovutazi zidzakwera njira yogulira kwa ogula, kupulumutsa ndalama kwa aliyense ndikuthandizira chilengedwe kuti chiyambe.

Ubwino wa maboma

Chabwino, m'malo mwa msonkho wamalonda ndi msonkho wa kaboni mwachiwonekere kudzakhala mutu kwa maboma (ndipo izi ndifotokoza posachedwa), koma pali zabwino zina zomwe maboma angatengere izi.

Choyamba, zoyeserera zam'mbuyomu zofuna kupereka msonkho wa kaboni nthawi zambiri zidagwa pansi chifukwa adafunsidwa ngati msonkho wowonjezera womwe udalipo kale. Koma posintha msonkho wamalonda ndi msonkho wa carbon, mumataya kufooka kwamalingaliro. Ndipo popeza dongosolo la misonkho la carbon lokhali limapatsa ogula ndi mabizinesi kuwongolera ndalama zawo zamisonkho (poyerekeza ndi msonkho wapakali pano), zimakhala zosavuta kugulitsa kwa osunga malamulo komanso kwa ovota omwe akukhala ndi moyo cheke kuti alipire.

Tsopano kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zisanu zoyamba zitatha zomwe titi tsopano "msonkho wogulitsa kaboni" wayamba kugwira ntchito, boma liwona kuchuluka kwa ndalama zonse zamisonkho zomwe zimasonkhanitsa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zidzatenga nthawi kuti anthu ndi mabizinesi azolowerane ndi dongosolo latsopanoli ndikuphunzira momwe angasinthire kachitidwe kawo kogula kuti awonjezere ndalama zawo zamisonkho. Zowonjezera izi zitha ndipo ziyenera kuyikidwa m'malo mosintha malo okalamba a dzikoli ndi zomangamanga zobiriwira zomwe zitha kuthandiza anthu kwazaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi.

Komabe, m'kupita kwa nthawi, ndalama zochokera ku msonkho wogulitsa kaboni zidzatsika kwambiri pamene ogula pamagulu onse aphunzira kugula msonkho moyenera. Koma apa ndipamene kukongola kwa msonkho wogulitsa kaboni kumawonekera: msonkho wogulitsa kaboni udzalimbikitsa chuma chonse kuti pang'onopang'ono chikhale chogwira ntchito bwino cha kaboni (carbon), ndikukankhira ndalama pansi pa bolodi (makamaka zikaphatikizidwa ndi kachulukidwe msonkho). Chuma chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri sichifuna ndalama zambiri za boma kuti zigwire ntchito, ndipo boma lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa limafuna ndalama zochepa za msonkho kuti zigwire ntchito, motero zimalola maboma kuchepetsa misonkho pamagulu onse.

O eya, dongosololi lithandizanso maboma padziko lonse lapansi kukwaniritsa zomwe alonjeza kuti achepetse kaboni ndikupulumutsa chilengedwe chapadziko lonse lapansi, osataya ndalama zambiri pochita izi.

Zowonongeka kwakanthawi kwa malonda apadziko lonse lapansi

Kwa iwo omwe awerenga mpaka pano, mwina mukuyamba kufunsa kuti zovuta za dongosololi zingakhale zotani. Mwachidule, kutayika kwakukulu kwa msonkho wogulitsa kaboni ndi malonda apadziko lonse.

Palibe njira yozungulira izo. Monga momwe msonkho wogulitsira kaboni ungathandizire kulimbikitsa chuma chapakhomo polimbikitsa kugulitsa ndi kupanga katundu wamba ndi ntchito, dongosolo lamisonkholi likhalanso ngati chiwongolero chazinthu zonse zomwe zatumizidwa kunja. M'malo mwake, imatha kusinthiratu mitengo yonse yamitengo, chifukwa izikhala ndi zotsatira zomwezo koma mopanda tsankho.

Mwachitsanzo, chuma choyendetsedwa ndi kutumiza kunja ndi kupanga monga Germany, China, India, ndi maiko ambiri aku South Asia omwe akuyembekeza kugulitsa ku msika waku US awona zinthu zawo zikugulitsidwa pamtengo wokwera wa kaboni kuposa zinthu zaku US zopangidwa kunyumba. Ngakhale mayiko omwe akutumiza kunja awa atatengera njira yofanana ya msonkho yogulitsa kaboni kuti ayike vuto lofananalo la msonkho wa kaboni pazotumiza kunja kwa US (zomwe akuyenera), chuma chawo chikadakhalabe chovuta kwambiri kuposa mayiko omwe sadalira kunja.

Izi zati, kupweteka kumeneku kudzakhala kwakanthawi, chifukwa kudzakakamiza azachuma omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mayiko ena kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama zambiri muukadaulo wopanga zobiriwira komanso zoyendera. Tangoganizirani izi:

● Fakitale A imasiya bizinesi ngati dziko B likukhazikitsa msonkho wogulitsa kaboni womwe umapangitsa kuti zinthu zake zikhale zodula kuposa zopangidwa kufakitale B, yomwe imagwira ntchito m'dziko la B.

● Pofuna kupulumutsa bizinesi yake, fakitale A imatenga ngongole ya boma kudziko A kuti ipangitse fakitale yake kuti isawononge mpweya wambiri mwa kupeza zinthu zambiri zopanda mpweya wa carbon, kugulitsa makina ogwira ntchito bwino, ndi kukhazikitsa mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera (dzuwa, mphepo, geothermal) pa makina ake. kuti apange fakitale yake kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za carbon mosalowerera ndale.

● Dziko A, mothandizidwa ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko ena otumiza kunja ndi makampani akuluakulu, likugulitsanso m'badwo wotsatira, magalimoto onyamula mpweya wa carbon, zombo zonyamula katundu ndi ndege. Magalimoto onyamula katundu adzawotchedwa ndi magetsi kapena gasi wopangidwa ndi ndere. Sitima zonyamula katundu zidzalimbikitsidwa ndi majenereta a nyukiliya (monga zonyamulira ndege zonse zaku US) kapena ndi thorium kapena ma fusion generator otetezeka. Panthawiyi, ndege zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zosungiramo mphamvu. (Zambiri mwazinthu zatsopano zotulutsa mpweya wotsika mpaka zero zingotsala zaka zisanu mpaka khumi.)

● Pogwiritsa ntchito ndalamazi, fakitale A idzatha kutumiza katundu wake kutsidya la nyanja m'njira zopanda mpweya. Izi zipangitsa kuti igulitse zinthu zake m'dziko B pamisonkho ya carbon yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi msonkho wa kaboni womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani a fakitale B. Ndipo ngati fakitale A ili ndi ndalama zotsika mtengo kuposa fakitale B, ndiye kuti ikhoza kugonjetsanso fakitale B pamtengo ndikubweza bizinesi yomwe idataya pomwe kusintha kwa msonkho wa kaboni uku kudayamba.

● Wau, kumeneko kunali kukamwa!

Pomaliza: inde, malonda apadziko lonse lapansi afika pachimake, koma m'kupita kwanthawi, zinthu zidzathekanso kudzera muzachuma chanzeru pamayendedwe obiriwira komanso zogulira.

Zovuta zapakhomo pakukhazikitsa msonkho wogulitsa kaboni

Monga tanena kale, kukhazikitsa misonkho yogulitsa kaboni iyi kumakhala kovuta. Choyamba, ndalama zazikulu zapangidwa kale kuti apange ndi kusunga misonkho yamakono yogulitsa; kulungamitsa ndalama zowonjezera zosinthira ku msonkho wamakampani ogulitsa kaboni kungakhale kovuta kwa ena.

Palinso vuto ndi kagawidwe kake ndi kuyeza kwa ... chabwino, chilichonse! Mayiko ambiri ali kale ndi mbiri yatsatanetsatane yazinthu zambiri ndi ntchito zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'malire awo - kuti azipereka msonkho moyenera. Chinyengo ndi, pansi pa dongosolo latsopano, tidzayenera kugawira katundu ndi mautumiki enaake omwe ali ndi msonkho wa carbon, kapena magulu amagulu azinthu ndi ntchito ndi kalasi ndikuziyika mkati mwa bokosi lamisonkho linalake (lofotokozedwa pansipa).

Mtengo wa kaboni womwe umatulutsidwa popanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kunyamula katundu kapena ntchito ziyenera kuwerengedwa kuti chinthu chilichonse kapena ntchito iliyonse ipereke msonkho wachilungamo komanso wolondola. Izi zidzakhala zovuta kunena pang'ono. Izi zati, m'dziko lamakono lalikulu la deta, zambiri za detayi zilipo kale, ndizovuta kwambiri kuziyika pamodzi.

Pachifukwa ichi, kuyambira chiyambi cha msonkho wogulitsa mpweya, maboma adzauwonetsa m'njira yosavuta, pomwe adzalengeza mabokosi atatu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi a msonkho wa carbon omwe magulu osiyanasiyana azinthu ndi ntchito zidzagwera, kutengera mtengo wolakwika wa chilengedwe. zogwirizana ndi kupanga ndi kutumiza kwawo. Koma, pamene msonkho ukukula, machitidwe atsopano owerengera ndalama adzapangidwa kuti awerengere bwino mtengo wa carbon wa chirichonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Njira zatsopano zowerengera ndalama zidzapangidwanso kuti ziwerengere maulendo osiyanasiyana omwe zinthu ndi ntchito zimayenda pakati pa gwero lawo ndi ogula. Kwenikweni, msonkho wogulitsa kaboni umafunika kugulitsa zinthu ndi ntchito zochokera kunja kwa mayiko/zigawo ndi mayiko okwera kuposa zinthu ndi ntchito zomwe zimapangidwa kwanuko m'chigawo/chigawo. Izi zidzakhala zovuta, koma zomwe zingatheke, chifukwa madera ambiri / zigawo zambiri zimatsata kale ndi msonkho wakunja.

Pomaliza, chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu pakukhazikitsidwa kwa msonkho wogulitsira kaboni ndikuti m'maiko kapena zigawo zina, msonkho wogulitsa kaboni ukhoza kuchepetsedwa pakatha zaka zambiri m'malo mosinthana. Izi zidzapatsa otsutsa kusinthaku (makamaka otumiza kunja ndi maiko otumiza kunja) nthawi yokwanira yoti achite nawo ziwanda kudzera muzotsatsa zapagulu komanso kudzera m'mabungwe omwe amapereka ndalama. Koma zoona zake, dongosololi siliyenera kutenga nthawi yayitali kuti likwaniritsidwe m'mayiko otsogola kwambiri. Komanso, poganizira kuti misonkho iyi ikhoza kubweretsa kutsika kwamisonkho kwa mabizinesi ambiri ndi ovota, iyenera kulepheretsa kusintha kwa ndale. Koma zivute zitani, mabizinesi ogulitsa kunja ndi mayiko omwe atenga nthawi yochepa yokhudzidwa ndi msonkhowu adzalimbana nawo mokwiya.

Chilengedwe ndi umunthu zimapambana

Nthawi yayikulu yojambula: msonkho wogulitsa mpweya ukhoza kukhala chida chabwino kwambiri cha anthu polimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Pamene dziko likugwira ntchito masiku ano, dongosolo la capitalist silimayika phindu pazokhudza dziko lapansi. Ndi chakudya chamasana chaulere. Ngati kampani ipeza malo omwe ali ndi gwero lamtengo wapatali, ndizoyenera kutenga ndi kupanga phindu kuchokera (ndi ndalama zochepa ku boma ndithudi). Koma powonjezera msonkho wa kaboni womwe umawerengera molondola momwe timatulutsira zinthu ku Dziko Lapansi, momwe timasinthira zinthuzo kukhala zinthu zothandiza ndi ntchito, komanso momwe timanyamulira katundu wofunikira padziko lonse lapansi, pamapeto pake tidzayika mtengo weniweni pa chilengedwe. tonse timagawana.

Ndipo tikayika chinthu chofunika kwambiri, ndiye kuti timatha kuchisamalira. Kupyolera mu msonkho wamalonda wa carbon uwu, tikhoza kusintha DNA ya dongosolo la capitalist kuti lisamalire ndikutumikira chilengedwe, komanso kukulitsa chuma ndi kupereka kwa munthu aliyense padziko lapansi.

Ngati mwapeza lingaliro ili kukhala losangalatsa pamlingo uliwonse, chonde gawanani ndi omwe mumawakonda. Kuchitapo kanthu pankhaniyi kudzachitika pokhapokha anthu akadzakambirana zambiri za nkhaniyi.