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Intela yokuminyana ezothatha indawo yentela yendawo kanye nokuqeda ukuminyana: Ikusasa Lamadolobha P5

UDavid Tal, Umshicileli, i-Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
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ULwesibili, 09/15/2020 - 08:59

Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwentela yendawo kuyindaba eyisicefe ngendlela engakholakali. Ngokuvamile, uzobe ulungile. Kodwa hhayi namuhla. Ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezintela zezakhiwo esizokhuluma ngakho ngezansi kuzoncibilikisa ibhulukwe lakho. Ngakho-ke zilungiselele, ngoba usuzocwila kuwo!

Inkinga ngezintela zezakhiwo

Izintela zezakhiwo eningini lomhlaba zisethwa ngendlela elula kakhulu: intela ephansi kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala nezohwebo, elungiswa minyaka yonke ukuze kunyuke izinga lentengo, futhi ezimweni eziningi iphindwe ngevelu yemakethe yendawo. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, intela yendawo yamanje isebenza kahle futhi kulula ukuyiqonda. Kodwa nakuba izintela zezakhiwo ziphumelela ekukhiqizeni izinga eliyisisekelo lemali engenayo kumasipala wendawo, ziyehluleka ukukhuthaza ukukhula okuphumelelayo kwedolobha.

Futhi kusho ukuthini ukusebenza kahle kulo mongo?

Kungani kufanele uzinakekele

Manje, lokhu kungase kuphazamise izimpaphe ezithile, kodwa kubiza kakhulu futhi kusebenza kahle kakhulu kuhulumeni wasekhaya ukuba anakekele ingqalasizinda futhi anikeze izinsiza zomphakathi kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi kunokusebenzela inani elifanayo labantu abasabalele ezindaweni ezingaphansi, ezingaphansi kwedolobha. noma izindawo zasemakhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngayo yonke ingqalasizinda yedolobha eyengeziwe edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe abanikazi bezindlu abayinkulungwane abahlala phezu kwamabhulokhi edolobha amathathu noma amane, esikhundleni sabantu abayinkulungwane abahlala endaweni eyodwa ephezulu.

Ezingeni lomuntu siqu, cabanga ngalokhu: inani elingenakulinganiswa lentela yakho yombuso, yesifundazwe/yesifunda kanye nekamasipala isetshenziswa ekunakekeleni izinsiza eziyisisekelo nezimo eziphuthumayo kubantu abahlala ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma ezindaweni ezikude zedolobha, kunabantu abaningi. abahlala emadolobheni. Lokhu kungenye yezinto eziholela engxoxweni noma emqhudelwaneni abantu basemadolobheni ababa nawo ngokumelene nabantu abahlala emiphakathini yasemakhaya, njengoba abanye benomuzwa wokuthi akulungile ukuthi izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni zixhase ukuphila kwalabo abahlala emadolobheni angawodwa noma ezindaweni ezikude zasemakhaya.

Eqinisweni, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu abahlala ezindlini ezinemindeni eminingi bakhokha isilinganiso Amaphesenti angu-18 ngaphezulu ezintela kunalabo abahlala ezindlini ezinomndeni owodwa.

Sethula izintela zezakhiwo ezincike ekuminyana

Kukhona indlela yokubhala kabusha izintela zezakhiwo ngendlela ekhuthaza ukukhula okusimeme kwedolobha noma idolobha, ilethe ukulunga kubo bonke abakhokhi bentela, kuyilapho isiza nemvelo. Kalula nje, kungenxa yesistimu yentela yendawo encike ekuminyana.

Intela yendawo esekelwe ekuminyana ihlinzeka ngokuyisisekelo isikhuthazo sezezimali kubantu abakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni eziminyene kakhulu. Nansi indlela esebenza ngayo:

Umkhandlu wedolobhakazi noma wedolobhana unquma ukuminyana kwabantu okuthandwayo phakathi kwekhilomitha-skwele elilodwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele yawo kamasipala—lokhu sizokubiza ngokuthi ubakaki wokuminyana ophezulu. Laba bakaki abaphezulu bangahluka kuye ngobuhle bedolobha, ingqalasizinda ekhona, nendlela yokuphila ekhethwayo yabahlali bakhona. Isibonelo, ubakaki abaphezulu baseNew York bangaba abantu abangu-25-30,000 ngekhilomitha-skwele ngalinye (ngokusekelwe ekubalweni kwabantu kuka-2000), kanti edolobheni elifana ne-Rome-lapho izakhiwo ezinkulu ezibhilidi zingabonakala zingekho nhlobo endaweni-ubakaki wokuminyana obungu-2-3,000 umqondo owengeziwe.

Noma ngabe ikuphi ukuminyana okuphezulu ekugcineni, umhlali wedolobha ohlala endlini noma esakhiweni lapho ukuminyana kwabantu ngekhilomitha elilodwa ukuzungeza ikhaya lakubo kuhlangana noma okweqa ubakaki abaphezulu kakhulu bazogcina sebekhokha intela yezakhiwo ephansi kakhulu, mhlawumbe akhokhe ngisho nokukhokha intela. intela yendawo yonke.

Uma ungaphandle kwalaba babakaki abaphezulu abahlala kuzo (noma uma ungaphandle kwedolobha/idolobha), izinga lakho lentela yendawo lizokhuphuka. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu kuzodinga imikhandlu yamadolobha ukuthi inqume ukuthi bangaki abakaki abancane okufanele babe khona kanye nobubanzi bokuminyana obuqukethwe kubakaki ngamunye. Kodwa-ke, lezo kuzoba izinqumo zezepolitiki nezezimali ezihlukile ezidingweni zedolobha/idolobhana ngalinye.

Izinzuzo zezintela zezakhiwo ezisekelwe ekuminyana

Ohulumeni bamadolobhakazi namadolobhana, abathuthukisi bezakhiwo, amabhizinisi, kanye nezakhamuzi ngazinye bonke bazozuza ohlelweni lobakaki wokuminyana oluchazwe ngenhla ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo. Ake sibheke ngayinye.

Abahlali

Lapho lolu hlelo olusha lwentela yendawo luqala ukusebenza, labo abahlala ezindaweni zedolobha/idolobhana labo cishe bazobona ukukhuphuka kwenani lempahla yabo. Lokhu kukhuphuka ngeke kuholele ekuthengweni okunyukile okuvela konjiniyela abakhulu, kodwa ukonga kwentela okutholwa yilaba bahlali kungasetshenziswa noma kutshalwe ngendlela ezibona kufanele ngayo.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kulabo abahlala ngaphandle kwezinga eliphezulu lokuminyana—imvamisa labo abahlala ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni aphakathi nendawo ukuya kude—bazobona ukwenyuka kwezintela zabo zendawo, kanye nokwehla kancane kwenani lempahla yabo. Le ngxenye yabantu izohlukana ngezindlela ezintathu:

Abangu-1% bazoqhubeka nokuhlala ezindaweni zabo ezihlala abantu ngabanye, ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njengoba ingcebo yabo izonciphisa ukukhuphuka kwabo kwentela futhi ukuba seduze kwabo nabanye abantu abacebile kuzogcina amanani abo ezakhiwo. Isigaba esiphezulu esiphakathi esikwazi ukukhokhela indawo engemuva kwendlu enkulu kodwa abazobona ukwehla kwezintela eziphakeme nabo bazonamathela ezimpilweni zabo zasemadolobheni kodwa bazoba abagqugquzeli abakhulu ngokumelene nohlelo olusha lwentela yendawo esekelwe ekuminyana. Ekugcineni, labo ochwepheshe abasebasha kanye nemindeni emincane evame ukwenza ingxenye ephansi yesigaba esiphakathi bazoqala ukufuna izinketho ezishibhile zezindlu enkabeni yedolobha.

Business

Nakuba kungavezwanga ngenhla, abakaki bokuminyana bazophinde basebenze ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu ziye zathuthela izindawo zazo zamahhovisi nezokukhiqiza ngaphandle kwamadolobha ukuze zehlise izindleko zentela yendawo. Lokhu kushintshwa kungenye yezinto ezinkulu ezikhipha abantu emadolobheni, okubhebhezela ukukhula okunganqamuki kwemvelo ecekela phansi ukusabalala. Uhlelo lwentela yezakhiwo olususelwa ekuminyanisweni luzohlehlisa lowo mkhuba.

Amabhizinisi manje azobona isisusa sezezimali sokufuduka eduze noma ngaphakathi kwezindawo zedolobha/idolobha, futhi hhayi nje ukugcina intela yendawo iphansi. Kulezi zinsuku, amabhizinisi amaningi alwela ukuqasha izisebenzi zeminyaka eyinkulungwane ezinethalente, njengoba kungebona nje abaningi abangenandaba nendlela yokuphila yasemadolobheni, kodwa inani elikhulayo liphuma ekubeni nemoto ngokuphelele. Ukufuduka eduze nedolobha kukhulisa inqwaba yamathalente abakwazi ukufinyelela kuyo, ngaleyo ndlela kuholele emabhizinisini amasha kanye namathuba okukhula. Futhi, njengoba amabhizinisi amakhulu egxila eduze komunye nomunye, kuzoba namathuba amaningi okuthengisa, okubambisana okuyingqayizivele kanye nemibono ehlukahlukene (efana ne-Silicon Valley).

Kumabhizinisi amancane (njengangaphambili kwezitolo nabahlinzeki besevisi), lolu hlelo lwentela lufana nesisusa sezezimali sempumelelo. Uma ungumnikazi webhizinisi elidinga indawo yaphansi (njengezitolo zezitolo), ugqugquzeleka ukuba uthuthele ezindaweni lapho amakhasimende amaningi akhangwa ukuya kuzo, okuholela emithanjeni eminingi. Uma ungumhlinzeki wesevisi (njengesevisi yokudla noma yokulethwa), ukuminyana okukhulu kwamabhizinisi nabantu kuzokuvumela ukuthi unciphise isikhathi/izindleko zakho zokuhamba futhi unikeze usizo abantu abaningi ngosuku.

Onjiniyela

Konjiniyela bezakhiwo, lolu hlelo lwentela luzofana nemali yokuphrinta. Njengoba abantu abaningi bekhuthazwa ukuthenga noma ukuqasha enkabeni yedolobha, amakhansela edolobha azoba ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyengeziwe yokugunyaza izimvume zemiklamo emisha yokwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhasa ngezimali izakhiwo ezintsha kuzoba lula njengoba ukwanda kwesidingo kuzokwenza kube lula ukuthengisa amayunithi ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukwakhiwa.

(Yebo, ngiyabona ukuthi lokhu kungase kudale ibhamuza lezindlu esikhathini esifushane, kodwa amanani ezindlu azozinza eminyakeni emine kuya kweyisishiyagalombili uma ukunikezwa kwamayunithi wokwakha kuqala ukufana nesidingo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma ubuchwepheshe obusha bokwakha buchazwe ku. isahluko sesithathu yalolu chungechunge lufinyelele emakethe, okuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bakhe izakhiwo ngezinyanga esikhundleni seminyaka.)

Enye inzuzo yalolu hlelo lwentela yokuminyana ukuthi lungakhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezintsha ezilingana nomndeni. Amayunithi anjalo aphume emfashini emashumini eminyaka adlule, njengoba imindeni iye yathuthela ezindaweni ezinezindleko eziphansi, ishiya amadolobha abe yizinkundla zokudlala zabancane nabangashadile. Kodwa ngalesi simiso esisha sentela, nokungenelela kwemithetho kamasipala yokwakha eyisisekelo, ecabangela phambili, kuzokwazi ukwenza amadolobha akhange emindenini futhi.

Ohulumeni

Kohulumeni bomasipala, lolu hlelo lwentela luzoba usizo lwesikhathi eside emnothweni wabo. Izoheha abantu abaningi, intuthuko eyengeziwe yezindawo zokuhlala, kanye namabhizinisi amaningi ukuthi asungule izitolo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yamadolobha abo. Lokhu kuminyana okukhulu kwabantu kuzokwandisa imali yedolobha, kunciphise izindleko zokusebenza kwedolobha, futhi kukhulule izinsiza zemiklamo emisha yentuthuko.

Kohulumeni ezingeni lesifundazwe/lesifunda kanye nesifundazwe, ukusekela lesi sakhiwo esisha sentela kuzoba nomthelela ekwehlisweni kancane kancane kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kazwelonke ngokunciphisa ukusabalala okungalawuleki. Ngokuyisisekelo, le ntela entsha izovumela ohulumeni ukuthi babhekane nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokumane baguqule umthetho wentela futhi bavumele izinqubo zemvelo zonxiwankulu ukuba zisebenze umlingo wabo. Lokhu (ingxenye) kuyintela esekela ibhizinisi, intela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu esekela umnotho.

(Futhi, funda imicabango yethu esikhundleni sentela yokuthengisa intela yekhabhoni.)

Izintela zokuminyana zizoba nomthelela kanjani endleleni yakho yokuphila

Uma uke wavakashela i-New York, i-London, i-Paris, i-Tokyo, nanoma yimaphi amanye amadolobha omhlaba adumile, anabantu abaningi, ubuyobe uhlangabezane nokunyakazisa nokunotha kwamasiko akunikezayo. Kungokwemvelo—abantu abaningi abagxile endaweni yezwe kusho ukuxhumana okwengeziwe, izinketho eziningi, namathuba amaningi. Ngisho noma ungacebile, ukuhlala kulawa madolobha kukunikeza ulwazi oluningi ongeke uluthole endaweni engayodwa. (Okuhlukile okuvumelekile indlela yokuphila yasemaphandleni enikeza impilo ecebile kakhulu yemvelo kunamadolobha anganikeza impilo ecebile nenempilo ngokulinganayo.)

Umhlaba usuvele usezinhlelweni zokuzakhela amadolobha, ngakho lolu hlelo lwentela luzosheshisa inqubo kuphela. Njengoba lezi zintela zokuminyana ziqala ukusebenza phakathi nebanga lesikhathi lamashumi eminyaka, abantu abaningi bazothuthela emadolobheni, futhi iningi lizothola amadolobha abo akhula abe sezingeni eliphakeme kanye nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwamasiko. Izigcawu zamasiko amasha, amafomu obuciko, izitayela zomculo, nezindlela zokucabanga zizovela. Kuyoba umhlaba omusha ngokuphelele ngomqondo wangempela wale nkulumo.

Izinsuku zakuqala zokuqaliswa

Ngakho-ke iqhinga ngalolu hlelo lwentela lokuminyana kusekusetshenzisweni kwalo. Ukushintsha ukusuka efulethini ukuya ohlelweni lwentela yendawo encike ekuminyana kuzodinga ukuthi kufakwe phakathi neminyaka ethile.

Inselelo yokuqala enkulu ngalolu shintsho ukuthi njengoba ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha kuba eqolo, kudala isiphithiphithi sabantu abazama ukuthuthela enkabeni yedolobha. Futhi uma kukhona ukushoda kwezindlu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalokhu kukhula kwesidingo esiphuthumayo, noma yiziphi izinzuzo zokonga ezivela ezintela eziphansi zizokhanselwa ngamanani aphezulu okuqasha noma izindlu.

Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu, amadolobhakazi noma amadolobhana acabangela ukuthuthela kulolu hlelo lwentela kuzomele alungiselele ukushesha kwesidingo ngokugunyaza izimvume zokwakha zenqwaba yemiphakathi emisha, eklanywe ngokuqhubekayo nezindlu. Kuzodingeka bashaye imithetho kamasipala eqinisekisa ukuthi amaphesenti amakhulu ayo yonke intuthuko ye-condo entsha ilingana nomndeni (esikhundleni sama-bachelor noma amayunithi ekamelo elilodwa) ukuze kuhlaliswe imindeni ebuyela edolobheni. Futhi kufanele banikeze intela ejulile yokukhuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi abuyele enkabeni yedolobha, ngaphambi kokuthi kufakwe intela entsha, ukuze ukuthutheleka kwabantu enkabeni yedolobha kungaphenduki kube ukuthutheleka kwezimoto eziphuma edolobheni. idolobha ukuze baye emsebenzini ongaphansi kwedolobha.

Inselele yesibili ukuvotela lolu hlelo. Nakuba abantu abaningi behlala emadolobheni, iningi lalabo bantu lisahlala ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni, futhi ngeke libe nalo isisusa sezimali sokuvota ohlelweni lwentela oluzonyusa izintela zabo. Kodwa njengoba amadolobha namadolobhana emhlabeni wonke eba kuminyene ngokwemvelo, inani labantu abahlala ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni maduzane lizodlula izindawo ezingaphansi kwedolobha. Lokhu kuzonikeza amandla okuvota kubantu basemadolobheni, abazoba nesikhuthazo sezimali sokuvota ohlelweni olubanika ikhefu lentela ngenkathi kuqedwa uxhaso lwasemadolobheni oluyikhokhayo ukuze baxhase ngezimali impilo yasemadolobheni.

Inselele enkulu yokugcina ukugcina ithrekhi yezibalo zabantu cishe ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze ubale kahle izintela zezakhiwo okufanele wonke umuntu azikhokhe. Nakuba lokhu kungase kube inselele namuhla, umhlaba omkhulu wedatha esingena kuwo uzokwenza ukuqoqwa nokuqopha le datha kube lula futhi kushibhile ukuze omasipala balawule. Le datha futhi iyona abahlaziyi bezakhiwo besikhathi esizayo abazoyisebenzisa ukuze bahlole kangcono inani lesakhiwo ngobuningi.

Sekukonke, ngokukhokhiswa intela yezakhiwo, amadolobha namadolobhana kancane kancane azobona izindleko zawo zokusebenza zincipha unyaka nonyaka, zikhulula futhi zidale imali eyengeziwe yezinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle zasendaweni kanye nezindleko ezinkulu zemali—okwenza amadolobha awo abe indawo ekhanga kakhulu abantu phila, sebenza futhi udlale.