Ukuphela kwamagalaji kaphethiloli: Ukushintsha kokuzamazama komhlaba okulethwa ama-EVs

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• April 12, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukwamukelwa okusheshayo kwezimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) kulungisa kabusha indlela esicabanga ngayo ngezokuthutha, okuqhutshwa isidingo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa nokusekela indawo ehlanzekile. Lolu shintsho luthinta imikhakha eyahlukene, kusukela embonini kawoyela yomhlaba wonke, engase ibone ukwehla kwesidingo, kuya eziteshini zikaphethiloli ezijwayela amamodeli amasha amabhizinisi futhi zize zibe amatshe esikhumbuzo angokomlando namasiko. Imithelela yesikhathi eside yalolu shintsho ihlanganisa izinguquko ekuthuthukisweni kwamadolobha, ukuqashwa, ukuphathwa kwamandla, kanye nepolitiki yomhlaba wonke.

Ukuphela kokuqukethwe kwegalaji likaphethiloli

Isidingo sokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ngokwengxenye, sisheshisile ukwamukelwa kwama-EV. Ukweseka lolu shintsho kuhlanganisa nezinhlelo ezahlukene zemboni zikahulumeni nezizimele ezihlose ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya. Isibonelo, i-California yaphasisa umthetho othi ngo-2035, zonke izimoto ezintsha namaloli abagibeli athengiswe kuzwelonke kumele angabi namali ekhishelwa ngaphandle noma abe kagesi. 

Khonamanjalo, iGeneral Motors, enye yabakhiqizi abakhulu bezimoto, yamemezela ukuthi ngo-2035, ingase ithengise ama-EV kuphela. Lesi sinqumo sibonisa ukuthambekela okubanzi embonini yezimoto, lapho izinkampani zishintsha ukugxila kwazo ekukhetheni okunobungani kwemvelo. Ngokuzibophezela ezimotweni zikagesi, abakhiqizi basabela esidingweni sabathengi sezinye izindlela ezihlanzekile kanye nemithetho kahulumeni ekhuthaza izinqubo eziluhlaza.

Umbiko wango-2021 wabikezela ukuthi inani lama-EV emgwaqeni kungenzeka likhule ngesivinini esihlala njalo, sifinyelele ezigidini ezingu-145 emhlabeni jikelele ngo-2030. Lo mkhuba ungathuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha kuyilapho wehlisa ukuncika kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ukushintshela kuma-EV kumelele uguquko olubalulekile endleleni esicabanga ngayo ngezokuthutha, futhi kuwushintsho wonke umuntu angase adinge ukululungiselela.

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Ukwamukelwa okukhulayo kwama-EV kungaqeda isidingo sokuthi izigidi zemiphongolo kawoyela iguqulwe ibe uphethiloli nsuku zonke. Imiphongolo efika ezigidini ezingu-2 ngosuku ingase idinge ukuthola abathengi abasha uma izinqubomgomo zesimo sezulu zango-2022 zisasebenza. Lokhu kuqhela emithonjeni kawoyela evamile kungaba nomthelela omkhulu embonini kawoyela yomhlaba wonke, okuholela ezinguqukweni ezingaba khona kumanani entengo, amaketanga okuhlinzeka, kanye nokuqashwa. Amazwe athembele kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kukawoyela kwamanye amazwe angase adinge ukushintsha umnotho wawo, kuyilapho abathengi bengase bazuze ekwehleni kwezindleko zikaphethiloli njengoba isidingo sikawoyela sincipha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba abathengi baya ngokuya bethenga ama-EV, iziteshi zikaphethiloli zithola amakhasimende ambalwa njengoba abanikazi bezimoto ze-EV beshaje izimoto zabo ekhaya noma eziteshini zokushaja ezifakwe ngokukhethekile. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa yiBoston Consulting Group, okungenani ingxenye yesine yeziteshi zesevisi emhlabeni wonke ezisengozini yokuvalwa ngo-2035 uma zingavumelani namamodeli azo ebhizinisi ekupheleni kweminyaka yowezi-2020. Ukuncipha kweziteshi zikaphethiloli ezivamile kungase kuholele emathubeni amasha ebhizinisi, njengokunwetshwa kwamanethiwekhi okushaja kagesi, kodwa futhi kubangela izingozi kulabo abangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo.

Kohulumeni nabahleli basemadolobheni, ukukhuphuka kwama-EV kunikeza amathuba okuklama kabusha ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha kanye nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa komhlaba. Ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kungaholela emoyeni ohlanzekile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kuthuthukise impilo yomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ukushintshela ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi nakho kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ekukhokhiseni ingqalasizinda, imfundo, kanye nezikhuthazo zokukhuthaza ukutholwa. 

Imithelela yokuphela kwamagalaji kaphethiloli

Imithelela ebanzi yokuphela kwamagalaji kaphethiloli ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukudizayina kabusha okuhlangenwe nakho kwegalaji likaphethiloli, namagalaji kaphethiloli alungiswa kabusha ukuze anikeze abanikazi be-EV izindawo zokusebenza ezikude nezinye izinsiza ngenkathi belinde ukukhokhiswa kwama-EV abo, kuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kwamakhasimende kanye nemithombo yemali ehlukahlukene.
• Abanye abanikazi beziteshi bathengisa noma bathuthukisa kabusha izindlu zabo ezithengiswayo eziyinhloko zibe izicelo ezintsha zokuhlala noma ezohwebo, okuneqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwamadolobha futhi okungenzeka kuguqule ukubukeka kwezwe endawo namanani ezakhiwo.
• Amagalaji kaphethiloli akudala kanye nezinye izingqalasizinda ezakhiwa ngekhulunyaka lama-20 ukuze zihlinzekele izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi futhi ezinomlando obalulekile emiphakathini yendawo kanye nabagibeli emizileni ethile ehlukaniswa njengezikhumbuzo zomlando namasiko, ezigcina amagugu amasiko.
• Ukushintshela kuma-EV okuholela ekwehleni kwemisebenzi yokulungiswa kwezimoto ehlobene nezinjini ezivuthayo, okungenzeka kube nomthelela wokuqashwa embonini yesevisi yezimoto evamile.
• Ukwanda kwesidingo sikagesi sokushaja ama-EV okuholela ekugxilweni okukhulu emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo, okunomthelela ekuxubeni kwamandla ahlanzekile kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri nezindlela zokugaywa kabusha kwezimoto zikagesi, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kokugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokulahlwa kwamabhethri.
• Amathuba okuthi ama-EV ahlanganiswe ezinhlelweni zegridi ehlakaniphile, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwamandla emoto ukuya kugridi kanye nokuphathwa kwamandla kakhudlwana ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Iliphi ibhizinisi lesikhathi esizayo ongalivula ezindaweni ezifaka amagalaji kaphethiloli okwamanje?
• Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja kwe-EV ezweni lonke kuzoshesha noma kuhambe kancane kunokubikezela abahlaziyi abaningi?