Quantumrun

ZITHUNZI CREDIT: Quantumrun

Kukonzekera mizinda yayikulu mawa: Future of Cities P2

David Tal, Wofalitsa, Futurist
@Quantumrun
LinkedIn

Lachiwiri, 09/15/2020 - 09:08

Mizinda simadzipanga yokha. Ndi chisokonezo chokonzekera. Ndiwo kuyesa kosalekeza komwe anthu onse akumatauni amatenga nawo gawo tsiku lililonse, kuyesa komwe cholinga chake ndikupeza matsenga amatsenga omwe amalola mamiliyoni a anthu kukhala limodzi motetezeka, mwachimwemwe, komanso bwino.

Kuyeseraku sikunaperekebe golide, koma pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, makamaka, awulula zidziwitso zakuya zomwe zimalekanitsa mizinda yosakonzekera bwino ndi mizinda yapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zimenezi, kuwonjezera pa umisiri wamakono, okonza mapulani a mizinda amakono padziko lonse tsopano akuyamba kusintha kwakukulu m’matauni m’zaka mazana ambiri.

Kuchulukitsa IQ m'mizinda yathu

Zina mwazinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri pakukula kwa mizinda yathu yamakono ndikukwera kwa mizinda yabwino. Awa ndi malo akumatauni omwe amadalira ukadaulo wa digito kuti aziyang'anira ndikuwongolera ntchito zamatauni - lingalirani kasamalidwe ka magalimoto ndi mayendedwe apagulu, zothandizira, apolisi, chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi zinyalala - munthawi yeniyeni kuti mugwiritse ntchito mzindawu moyenera, motsika mtengo, mopanda zinyalala komanso chitetezo chokwanira. Pamlingo wa khonsolo yamzindawu, smart city tech imathandizira utsogoleri, kukonza matawuni, komanso kasamalidwe kazinthu. Ndipo kwa nzika wamba, smart city tech imawalola onse kukulitsa zokolola zawo zachuma ndikusintha moyo wawo.

Zotsatira zochititsa chidwizi zalembedwa kale m'mizinda ingapo yoyambirira yanzeru, monga Barcelona (Spain), Amsterdam (Netherlands), London (UK), Nice (France), New York (USA) ndi Singapore. Komabe, mizinda yanzeru sizikanatheka popanda kukula kwaposachedwa kwazinthu zitatu zomwe ndizochitika zazikulu kwa iwo eni.

Zomangamanga za intaneti. Monga tafotokozera m'nkhani yathu Tsogolo la intaneti Intaneti yatha zaka zoposa makumi awiri, ndipo ngakhale tingamve ngati ili ponseponse, zoona zake n'zakuti sikunali kofala kwambiri. Wa 7.4 biliyoni Anthu padziko lapansi (2016), 4.4 biliyoni alibe intaneti. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu ambiri padziko lapansi sanayang'anepo pa Grumpy Cat meme.

Monga momwe mungayembekezere, ambiri mwa anthu osalumikizidwawa amakhala osauka ndipo amakhala kumadera akumidzi omwe alibe zida zamakono, monga mwayi wopeza magetsi. Mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene amakonda kukhala ndi intaneti yoyipa kwambiri; Mwachitsanzo, dziko la India lili ndi anthu oposa 730 biliyoni omwe alibe Intaneti, ndipo dziko la China lili ndi anthu XNUMX miliyoni.

Komabe, pofika chaka cha 2025, mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka kumene adzalumikizana. Kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumeneku kudzabwera kudzera m'maukadaulo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kukula kwamphamvu kwa fiber-optic, kutumiza kwa Wi-Fi, ma drones a pa intaneti, ndi ma satellite atsopano. Ndipo ngakhale kuti anthu osauka padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito intaneti samawoneka ngati chinthu chachikulu poyang'ana koyamba, taganizirani kuti m'dziko lathu lamakono, kupeza intaneti kumapangitsa kukula kwachuma:

Zowonjezera 10 mafoni am'manja pa anthu 100 alionse m’mayiko amene akutukuka kumene amawonjezera kukula kwa GDP pa munthu aliyense ndi peresenti imodzi.
Mapulogalamu a pa intaneti adzathandiza peresenti 22 GDP ya China yonse pofika 2025.
Pofika mchaka cha 2020, luso lowerenga bwino pamakompyuta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito foni yam'manja zitha kukulitsa GDP ya India potengera peresenti 5.
Ngati intaneti ikafika pa 90 peresenti ya anthu padziko lapansi, m'malo mwa 32 peresenti lero, GDP yapadziko lonse idzakula ndi $22 thililiyoni pofika 2030-ndiko kupindula kwa $17 pa $1 iliyonse yogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene afika pa intaneti mofanana ndi mayiko otukuka masiku ano, zidzatero kupanga ntchito 120 miliyoni ndi kukokera anthu 160 miliyoni mu umphawi.

Mapindu olumikizana awa amathandizira chitukuko cha Dziko Lachitatu, koma adzakulitsanso mizinda yayikulu yomwe ili kale yaku West yomwe ikusangalalako. Mutha kuwona izi ndi kuyesetsa kogwirizana komwe mizinda yambiri yaku America ikupanga ndalama kuti ibweretse liwiro la intaneti la gigabit kumadera awo - molimbikitsidwa mwa zina ndi zoyeserera monga Google Fiber.

Mizinda iyi ikugulitsa ma Wi-Fi yaulere m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, ndikuyika njira zoyendera nthawi iliyonse ogwira ntchito yomanga akugwira ntchito zomwe sizikugwirizana nazo, ndipo ena akufika mpaka poyambitsa ma intaneti omwe ali ndi mzindawu. Kuyika izi pakulumikizana sikumangowonjezera mtengo komanso kutsitsa mtengo wa intaneti yakumaloko, sikumangolimbikitsa gawo laukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, sikumangowonjezera mpikisano wachuma wa mzindawu poyerekeza ndi oyandikana nawo akumatauni, komanso kumathandizira ukadaulo wina wofunikira. zomwe zimapangitsa mizinda yanzeru kutheka….

Internet Zinthu. Kaya mumakonda kuyitcha ubiquitous computing, Internet of Everything, kapena Internet of Things (IoT), zonse ndi zofanana: IoT ndi netiweki yopangidwa kuti ilumikizane ndi zinthu zakuthupi ndi intaneti. Mwanjira ina, IoT imagwira ntchito poyika masensa ang'onoang'ono-to-microscopic pamakina omwe amapanga zinthuzi, komanso (nthawi zina) ngakhale muzopangira zomwe zimadya m'makina omwe amapanga izi. mankhwala.

Masensa awa amalumikizana ndi intaneti popanda zingwe ndipo pamapeto pake "amapereka moyo" ku zinthu zopanda moyo powalola kuti azigwira ntchito limodzi, kusintha kusintha kwa malo, kuphunzira kugwira ntchito bwino ndikuyesera kupewa mavuto.

Kwa opanga, ogulitsa, ndi eni malonda, masensa a IoT awa amalola kuthekera kosatheka kuwunika kutali, kukonza, kusintha, ndikugulitsa zinthu zawo. Kwa mizinda yanzeru, netiweki yapamzinda yonse ya masensa a IoT awa - m'mabasi, zowunikira zomanga, mkati mwa mipope yachimbudzi, kulikonse - zimawalola kuyeza bwino ntchito za anthu ndikugawa zinthu moyenera. Malinga ndi Gartner, mizinda yanzeru idzagwiritsa ntchito "zinthu" 1.1 biliyoni zolumikizidwa mu 2015, kukwera kufika pa 9.7 biliyoni pofika 2020.

Deta yaikulu. Masiku ano, kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse m'mbiri, dziko lapansi likugwiritsidwa ntchito pakompyuta ndipo chilichonse chimayang'aniridwa, kuyang'aniridwa, ndi kuyeza. Koma ngakhale IoT ndi matekinoloje ena angathandize mizinda yanzeru kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zambiri kuposa kale, zonsezo zilibe ntchito popanda kusanthula detayo kuti adziwe zomwe zingatheke. Lowetsani deta yayikulu.

Zambiri ndi mawu aukadaulo omwe atchuka posachedwapa - omwe mudzawamva akubwerezedwanso mpaka 2020s. Ndilo liwu lomwe limatanthawuza kusonkhanitsa ndi kusungirako gulu lalikulu la data, gulu lalikulu kwambiri kotero kuti ma supercomputer okha ndi ma network amtambo amatha kutafuna. Tikulankhula za data pamlingo wa petabyte (gigabytes miliyoni imodzi).

M'mbuyomu, deta yonseyi inali yosatheka kusinthidwa, koma chaka chilichonse ma algorithms abwinoko, kuphatikiza ndi makompyuta amphamvu kwambiri, alola maboma ndi mabungwe kulumikiza madontho ndikupeza mawonekedwe mu data yonseyi. Kwa mizinda yanzeru, machitidwewa amawalola kuchita bwino ntchito zitatu zofunika: kuwongolera machitidwe ovuta kwambiri, kukonza machitidwe omwe alipo, ndikulosera zam'tsogolo.

Zonse pamodzi, zatsopano zamawa mu kasamalidwe ka mizinda zikuyembekezera kuzindikirika pamene matekinoloje atatuwa adzaphatikizidwa pamodzi. Mwachitsanzo, yerekezani kugwiritsa ntchito data yanyengo kuti mungosintha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, kapena malipoti a chimfine nthawi yeniyeni kuti aloze madera omwe ali ndi ma drive owonjezera a chimfine, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zapa social media zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi geo-targeted social media kuti muyembekezere zaumbanda zisanachitike.

Malingaliro awa ndi zina zambiri zibwera makamaka kudzera pazidashibodi za digito kuti zipezeke ponseponse kwa okonza mapulani amizinda ndi akuluakulu osankhidwa mawa. Ma dashboards awa adzapatsa akuluakulu a boma zambiri zenizeni zenizeni za momwe mzinda wawo ukugwirira ntchito ndi zomwe zikuchitika, motero amawalola kupanga zisankho zabwinoko za momwe angayikitsire ndalama za boma pantchito zomanga. Ndipo ndichinthu choyenera kuthokoza, poganizira kuti maboma apadziko lonse lapansi akuyembekezeka kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwana $35 thililiyoni m'mapulojekiti azomangamanga m'matauni pazaka makumi awiri zikubwerazi.

Kupitilira apo, deta yomwe idzadyetse ma dashboard a makhansala a mzindawu ipezekanso kwa anthu ambiri. Mizinda yanzeru ikuyamba kuchita nawo ntchito yotsegula deta yomwe imapangitsa kuti zidziwitso za anthu zizipezeka mosavuta kwa makampani akunja ndi anthu pawokha (kudzera m'malo opangira mapulogalamu kapena ma API) kuti agwiritse ntchito pomanga mapulogalamu ndi ntchito zatsopano. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zodziwika bwino za izi ndi mapulogalamu a foni yam'manja odzipangira okha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zamaulendo apamzinda weniweni kuti apereke nthawi yofika pagulu. Monga lamulo, momwe zambiri zamzinda zimapangidwira komanso zopezeka, m'pamenenso mizinda yanzeru iyi ingapindule ndi nzeru za nzika zawo kuti zipititse patsogolo chitukuko cha mizinda.

Kuganiziranso zokonzekera zam'matauni zamtsogolo

Pali fashoni yomwe ikuchitika masiku ano yomwe imalimbikitsa omvera pa chikhulupiriro cha cholinga. Kwa mizinda, anthu awa amati palibe kukongola koyenera pankhani yokonza nyumba, misewu, ndi madera. Pakuti kukongola kuli m’diso la wopenya.

Anthu amenewa ndi zitsiru.

Inde mukhoza kuwerengera kukongola. Ndi akhungu, aulesi ndi odzikuza okha amene amanena mosiyana. Ndipo zikafika kumizinda, izi zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi muyeso wosavuta: ziwerengero zokopa alendo. Pali mizinda ina padziko lapansi yomwe imakopa alendo ochulukirapo kuposa ena, mosasinthasintha, kwazaka zambiri, ngakhale zaka mazana ambiri.

Kaya ndi New York kapena London, Paris kapena Barcelona, Hong Kong kapena Tokyo ndi ena ambiri, alendo amakhamukira kumizindayi chifukwa adapangidwa mowoneka bwino (ndipo ndinganene padziko lonse lapansi) mowoneka bwino. Okonza mizinda padziko lonse lapansi adaphunzira za mizinda yapamwamba iyi kuti apeze zinsinsi zomanga mizinda yokongola komanso yokhazikika. Ndipo kudzera muzambiri zomwe zaperekedwa kuchokera ku matekinoloje anzeru amizinda omwe tafotokozedwa pamwambapa, okonza mizinda akupeza kuti ali pakati pa kutsitsimutsidwa kwamatauni komwe tsopano ali ndi zida ndi chidziwitso chokonzekera kukula kwamatauni mokhazikika komanso mokongola kuposa kale.

Kukonzekera kukongola mu nyumba zathu

Zomangamanga, makamaka skyscrapers, ndiwo chithunzi choyamba chomwe anthu amalumikizana ndi mizinda. Zithunzi za positikhadi zimakonda kuwonetsa pakati pa mzinda wapakati patali nditali m'mphepete ndikukumbatiridwa ndi thambo loyera. Zomangamanga zimanena zambiri za kalembedwe ndi mawonekedwe a mzindawu, pomwe nyumba zazitali kwambiri komanso zowoneka bwino zimauza alendo za zomwe mzindawu umakonda kwambiri.

Koma monga mmene aliyense wapaulendo angakuuzeni, mizinda ina imamanga nyumba bwino kuposa ina. Ndichoncho chifukwa chiyani? Kodi nchifukwa ninji mizinda ina imakhala ndi nyumba zooneka bwino ndi zomanga, pamene ina imaoneka ngati yachisawawa?

Nthawi zambiri, mizinda yomwe ili ndi nyumba zambiri "zoyipa" imakhala ndi matenda angapo:

Dipatimenti yokonzekera mizinda yopanda ndalama zambiri kapena yosathandizidwa bwino;
Kusakonzekera bwino kapena kutsatiridwa molakwika malangizo okhudza chitukuko cha mizinda; ndi
Mkhalidwe womwe malangizo omanga omwe alipo akulephereka ndi zokonda ndi matumba akuya a opanga katundu (mothandizidwa ndi makhonsolo amtawuni omwe alibe ndalama kapena katangale).

M'malo awa, mizinda imakula motsatira zofuna za msika wamba. Mizere yopanda malire ya nsanja zopanda mawonekedwe imamangidwa mosaganizira momwe zimayenderana ndi malo ozungulira. Zosangalatsa, mashopu, ndi malo opezeka anthu onse ndizoganiziridwanso. Awa ndi madera amene anthu amagona m’malo mwa madera amene anthu amapitako.

Inde, pali njira yabwinoko. Ndipo njira yabwinoyi imaphatikizapo malamulo omveka bwino, omveka bwino a chitukuko cha mizinda ya nyumba zapamwamba.

Ponena za mizinda yomwe dziko limasilira kwambiri, onse amapambana chifukwa adapeza malingaliro okhazikika m'mawonekedwe awo. Kumbali ina, anthu amakonda dongosolo lowoneka bwino komanso lofanana, koma zambiri zimatha kukhala zotopetsa, zokhumudwitsa komanso zosokoneza, monga Norilsk, Russia. Kapenanso, anthu amakonda zovuta m'malo omwe amakhalapo, koma mochulukira zimatha kusokoneza, kapena choyipitsitsa, zimatha kumva ngati mzinda wamunthu ulibe chidziwitso.

Kulinganiza zinthu monyanyirazi n'kovuta, koma mizinda yokongola kwambiri yaphunzira kuchita bwino kudzera mu dongosolo la m'matauni lovuta kuchita bwino. Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani za Amsterdam: Nyumba za m’ngalande zake zotchuka zimakhala ndi utali wofanana ndi m’lifupi mwake, koma zimasiyana mokulira mu mtundu, kukongoletsa, ndi kamangidwe ka denga. Mizinda ina ingatsatire njirayi pokhazikitsa malamulo, malamulo, ndi malangizo kwa omanga nyumba omwe amawauza ndendende zomwe nyumba zawo zatsopano zimafunikira kuti zigwirizane ndi nyumba zoyandikana nazo, ndi mikhalidwe iti yomwe akulimbikitsidwa kupanga nayo.

Mofananamo, ofufuza adapeza kuti zinthu zazikulu m'mizinda. Mwachindunji, kutalika koyenera kwa nyumba ndi nyumba zisanu (ganizirani Paris kapena Barcelona). Nyumba zazitali ndi zabwino pang’ono, koma nyumba zambiri zazitali zingapangitse anthu kudzimva kukhala aang’ono ndi osafunika; m’mizinda ina, amatsekereza dzuŵa, kulepheretsa anthu kukhala ndi thanzi labwino tsiku ndi tsiku.

Nthawi zambiri, nyumba zazitali zimayenera kukhala zocheperako komanso nyumba zomwe zimawonetsa bwino zomwe mzindawu umakonda komanso zokhumba zake. Nyumba zazikuluzikuluzi ziyenera kukhala zomangidwa mowoneka bwino zomwe zimakhala zokopa alendo, mtundu wa nyumba kapena nyumba zomwe mzinda ungadziwike, monga Sagrada Familia ku Barcelona, CN Tower ku Toronto kapena Burj Dubai ku United Arab Emirates. .

Koma malangizo onsewa ndi otheka masiku ano. Pofika mkatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 2020, padzakhala zatsopano ziwiri zaukadaulo zomwe zisintha momwe timamangira komanso momwe tidzapangire nyumba zathu zamtsogolo. Izi ndi zatsopano zomwe zisintha chitukuko cha zomangamanga kukhala gawo la sci-fi. Dziwani zambiri mu mutu wachitatu za mndandanda uwu wa Future of Cities.

Kubweretsanso zamunthu pamapangidwe athu amsewu

Kulumikiza nyumba zonsezi ndi misewu, dongosolo la kuzungulira kwa mizinda yathu. Kuyambira m'ma 1960, kuganiziridwa kwa magalimoto oyenda pansi kwakhala kwakukulu pamapangidwe amisewu m'mizinda yamakono. M'malo mwake, kulingalira uku kunakulitsa momwe misewu yomwe ikukulirakulira nthawi zonse komanso malo oimika magalimoto ali m'mizinda yathu yonse.

Tsoka ilo, choyipa choyang'ana pamagalimoto opitilira oyenda pansi ndikuti moyo m'mizinda yathu umasokonekera. Kuipitsa mpweya kumakwera. Malo opezeka anthu ambiri amachepa kapena kulibe chifukwa misewu imawathira kunja. Kuyenda kosavuta kumatsika chifukwa misewu ndi midadada imayenera kukhala yayikulu mokwanira kuti magalimoto azitha. Kutha kwa ana, okalamba ndi olumala kuyenda mumzinda modziyimira pawokha kumasokonekera chifukwa mphambano zimakhala zovuta komanso zowopsa kuwoloka chifukwa cha anthuwa. Moyo wowoneka m'misewu ukutha pomwe anthu amalimbikitsidwa kuyendetsa galimoto kupita kumalo m'malo moyenda kupita komweko.

Tsopano, chingachitike ndi chiyani ngati mutatembenuza lingaliro ili kuti mupange misewu yathu ndi malingaliro oyenda pansi? Monga momwe mungayembekezere, moyo wabwino umayenda bwino. Mupeza mizinda yomwe imamva ngati mizinda yaku Europe yomwe idamangidwa magalimoto asanabwere.

Patsalabe ma boulevards a NS ndi EW omwe amathandizira kukhazikitsa njira yolowera kapena kuwongolera ndikupangitsa kuti kuyenda mosavuta kudutsa tawuni. Koma polumikiza misewu iyi, mizinda yakaleyi imakhalanso ndi misewu yaifupi, yopapatiza, yosagwirizana, komanso (nthawi zina) yomwe imawongoleredwa mozungulira yomwe imawonjezera kusiyanasiyana kwamatawuni awo. Misewu yopapatizayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse ndi oyenda pansi chifukwa ndiyosavuta kuti aliyense awoloke, motero amakopa kuchuluka kwamayendedwe apazi. Kuchulukirachulukira kwamayendedwe apapazi kumakopa eni mabizinesi am'deralo kuti akhazikitse masitolo ndi okonza mizinda kuti amange mapaki ndi mabwalo am'mbali mwa misewu iyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito misewuyi.

Masiku ano, zopindulitsa zomwe tafotokozazi zikumveka bwino, koma manja a okonza mizinda ambiri padziko lonse lapansi amakhalabe omangika pakumanga misewu yokulirapo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi chikugwirizana ndi zimene takambirana m’mutu woyamba wa nkhani zino: Chiwerengero cha anthu amene akusamukira m’mizinda chikuchuluka kwambiri kuposa mmene mizinda imeneyi ingasinthire. Ndipo ngakhale ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zoyendera anthu ndizokulirapo masiku ano kuposa kale, chowonadi nchakuti kuchuluka kwa magalimoto m'mizinda yambiri padziko lapansi kukukulirakulira chaka ndi chaka.

Mwamwayi, pali kusintha kwamasewera mu ntchito zomwe zingachepetse mtengo wamayendedwe, magalimoto, komanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamsewu. Momwe lusoli lidzasinthira momwe timamangira mizinda yathu, tiphunzira zambiri mu mutu wachinayi za mndandanda uwu wa Future of Cities.

Kuchulukitsa kachulukidwe m'matauni athu

Kuchulukana kwa mizinda ndi chikhalidwe china chachikulu chomwe chimawasiyanitsa ndi midzi yaying'ono, yakumidzi. Ndipo poganizira kukula kwa mizinda yathu pazaka makumi awiri zikubwerazi, kachulukidwe kameneka kadzakulirakulira chaka chilichonse. Komabe, zifukwa zomwe zikukulira mizinda yathu mochulukirachulukira (mwachitsanzo, kukulira m'mwamba ndi zotukuka zatsopano) m'malo mokulitsa mayendedwe amzindawu pamtunda wokulirapo wa kilomita zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe takambiranazi.

Ngati mzindawu udasankha kutengera kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuchulukirachulukira ndikukulirakulira ndi nyumba zambiri komanso nyumba zocheperako, ndiye kuti uyenera kuyika ndalama pakukulitsa zomangamanga zake kunja, ndikumanganso misewu yambiri ndi misewu yayikulu yomwe ingathandizire anthu ambiri kupita kuderali. mkati mwa mzinda. Ndalamazi ndi zachikhalire, zowonjezedwa pa kukonza zomwe okhometsa misonkho azidzakumana nazo mpaka kalekale.

M'malo mwake, mizinda yambiri yamakono ikufuna kuyika malire ochita kupanga pakukula kwakunja kwa mzinda wawo ndikuwuza mwamphamvu omanga nyumba kuti amange ma condominium okhala pafupi ndi pakati pa mzindawu. Ubwino wa njirayi ndi wochuluka. Anthu omwe amakhala ndikugwira ntchito pafupi ndi mzindawu safunikanso kukhala ndi galimoto ndipo amalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zoyendera anthu, potero amachotsa magalimoto ambiri pamsewu (ndi kuipitsidwa kwawo). Chitukuko chochepa kwambiri cha zomangamanga za anthu chiyenera kuyikidwa m'malo amodzi omwe amakhala ndi 1,000, kuposa nyumba 500 zomwe zimakhala ndi 1,000. Kuchulukana kwa anthu kumakopanso kuchuluka kwa mashopu ndi mabizinesi kuti atsegule pakati pa mzindawu, kupanga ntchito zatsopano, kuchepa kwa umwini wamagalimoto, ndikuwongolera moyo wamzindawu.

Monga lamulo, mzinda wamtundu woterewu, womwe anthu ali ndi mwayi wofikira kunyumba zawo, ntchito, zogulira, ndi zosangalatsa ndizothandiza komanso zosavuta kuposa madera azaka zikwizikwi tsopano akuthawa mwachangu. Pachifukwachi, mizinda ina ikuganiza za njira yatsopano yokhoma msonkho ndi chiyembekezo cholimbikitsa kuchulukana kwambiri. Tikambirananso izi mu mutu wachisanu za mndandanda uwu wa Future of Cities.

Mainjiniya magulu a anthu

Mizinda yanzeru komanso yolamulidwa bwino. Nyumba zomangidwa mokongola. Misewu yodzala anthu m’malo mwa magalimoto. Ndipo kulimbikitsa kachulukidwe kuti apange mizinda yabwino yosakanikirana. Zinthu zonsezi zokonzekera mizinda zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kupanga mizinda yophatikiza, yokhazikika. Koma mwina chofunika kwambiri kuposa zonsezi ndi kulera anthu ammudzi.

Dera ndi gulu kapena chiyanjano cha anthu omwe amakhala malo amodzi kapena kugawana makhalidwe ofanana. Madera enieni sangamangidwe mongopanga. Koma ndi dongosolo loyenera la mizinda, ndizotheka kumanga zinthu zothandizira zomwe zimalola anthu kuti adzisonkhanitsa okha.

Malingaliro ambiri okhudza kumanga anthu m'makonzedwe akumatauni amachokera kwa mtolankhani wodziwika komanso wazatawuni, Jane Jacobs. Ankatsatira mfundo zambiri zoyendetsera mizinda zomwe takambiranazi, kulimbikitsa misewu yaifupi komanso yopapatiza yomwe imakopa anthu ambiri kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimakopa mabizinesi ndi chitukuko cha anthu. Komabe, pankhani ya madera omwe akubwera, adagogomezeranso kufunika kokulitsa mikhalidwe iwiri yofunika: kusiyanasiyana ndi chitetezo.

Kuti akwaniritse mikhalidwe iyi pamapangidwe amatauni, Jacobs adalimbikitsa okonza mapulani kulimbikitsa njira zotsatirazi:

Wonjezerani malo ogulitsa. Limbikitsani zonse zatsopano m'misewu ikuluikulu kapena yodutsa anthu kuti asungitse chipinda chimodzi kapena zitatu kuti agwiritse ntchito malonda, kaya ndi malo ogulitsira, ofesi ya mano, malo odyera, ndi zina zotero. Mzindawu ukakhala ndi malo ochitira malonda ambiri, kumachepetsa rendi ya malowa. , zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo wotsegulira mabizinesi atsopano. Ndipo mabizinesi ochulukirachulukira mumsewu, adati msewu umakopa anthu ambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamapazi, mabizinesi amatseguka. Zonsezi, ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zabwino zozungulira.

Kusakaniza kwa zomangamanga. Mogwirizana ndi mfundo imene ili pamwambayi, Jacobs analimbikitsanso anthu okonza mapulani a mizinda kuti ateteze gawo lina la nyumba zakale za mumzinda kuti zisalowe m'malo ndi nyumba zatsopano kapena nsanja zamakampani. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti nyumba zatsopano zimalipira lendi yapamwamba pamalonda awo, motero zimakopa mabizinesi olemera kwambiri (monga mabanki ndi malo ogulitsa mafashoni apamwamba) ndikukankhira kunja kwa masitolo odziimira okha omwe sangakwanitse kulipira lendi yapamwamba. Mwa kukakamiza kuphatikiza nyumba zakale ndi zatsopano, okonza mapulani amatha kuteteza mabizinesi osiyanasiyana omwe msewu uliwonse umapereka.

Ntchito zingapo. Kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu yamabizinesi mumsewu kumaseweredwa muzabwino za Jacob zomwe zimalimbikitsa dera lililonse kapena chigawo chilichonse kukhala ndi ntchito yopitilira imodzi kuti akope anthu oyenda pansi nthawi zonse masana. Mwachitsanzo, Bay Street ku Toronto ndiye gwero lalikulu lazachuma mumzinda (ndi Canada). Nyumba zomwe zili m’mphepete mwa msewuwu n’zokhazikika kwambiri m’zachuma moti pofika XNUMX kapena XNUMX koloko masana onse ogwira ntchito zandalama akamapita kwawo, dera lonselo limakhala lopanda ntchito. Komabe, ngati msewuwu ungaphatikizepo kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi ochokera kumakampani ena, monga malo odyera kapena malo odyera, ndiye kuti derali likhala likugwira ntchito mpaka madzulo.

Kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu. Ngati mfundo zitatu zomwe zili pamwambazi zikuyenda bwino kulimbikitsa mabizinesi osakanikirana kuti atsegule m'misewu yamzindawu (zomwe Jacobs angatchule ngati "dambo lazachuma"), ndiye kuti misewu iyi idzawona magalimoto oyenda usana ndi usiku. Anthu onsewa amapanga chitetezo chachibadwidwe—dongosolo lachilengedwe loyang’anira m’khwalala—pamene zigawenga zimapewa kuchita zinthu zoletsedwa m’malo opezeka anthu ambiri zimene zimakopa anthu ambiri oyenda pansi. Ndipo apanso, misewu yotetezeka imakopa anthu ambiri omwe amakopa mabizinesi ambiri omwe amakopa anthu ambiri.

Jacobs ankakhulupirira kuti m’mitima mwathu, timakonda misewu yosangalatsa yodzaza ndi anthu akuchita zinthu komanso kucheza m’malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Ndipo m'zaka makumi angapo kuchokera pamene adasindikiza mabuku ake apamwamba, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pamene okonza mizinda akwanitsa kupanga zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi, anthu ammudzi amawonekera mwachibadwa. Ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi, ena mwa maderawa ndi oyandikana nawo amatha kukhala okopa okhala ndi mawonekedwe awo omwe amadziwikanso mumzinda wonse, kenako padziko lonse lapansi - taganizirani za Broadway ku New York kapena msewu wa Harajuku ku Tokyo.

Zonsezi zanenedwa, ena amatsutsa kuti chifukwa cha kukwera kwa intaneti, kulengedwa kwa midzi yakuthupi pamapeto pake kudzatha chifukwa chochita nawo madera a pa intaneti. Ngakhale izi zitha kukhala choncho mu theka lakumapeto kwa zaka zana lino (onani tsamba lathu Tsogolo la intaneti series), pakadali pano, madera a pa intaneti akhala chida cholimbikitsira midzi yomwe ilipo komanso kupanga zatsopano. M'malo mwake, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ndemanga zakumaloko, zochitika ndi masamba ankhani, ndi unyinji wa mapulogalamu alola anthu okhala m'matauni kuti amange midzi yeniyeni nthawi zambiri mosasamala kanthu za kusakonzekera bwino kwamatauni komwe kumawonetsedwa m'mizinda yosankhidwa.

Tekinoloje zatsopano zakhazikitsidwa kuti zisinthe mizinda yathu yamtsogolo

Mizinda yamawa idzakhala ndi moyo kapena kufa ndi momwe imalimbikitsira kulumikizana ndi maubale pakati pa anthu ake. Ndipo ndi mizinda ija yomwe imakwaniritsa izi bwino lomwe pamapeto pake idzakhala atsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi pazaka makumi awiri zikubwerazi. Koma zabwino tawuni ndondomeko yekha sadzakhala zokwanira kusamalira bwino kukula kwa mizinda mawa zinanenedweratu kuti zinachitikira. Apa ndipamene matekinoloje atsopano omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa adzayamba kugwira ntchito. Phunzirani zambiri podina maulalo omwe ali pansipa kuti muwerenge mitu yotsatira ya mndandanda wathu wa Future of Cities.