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Precision kho mob kais rau hauv koj lub genome: Yav Tom Ntej ntawm Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv P3

David Tal, Publisher, Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
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Tues, 09/15/2020 - 05:42

Peb tab tom nkag mus rau yav tom ntej uas cov tshuaj yuav raug kho rau koj cov DNA thiab koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv yav tom ntej yuav raug kwv yees thaum yug. Txais tos rau yav tom ntej ntawm precision tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv tshooj kawg ntawm Peb Lub Neej Yav Tom Ntej Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv series, peb tshawb nrhiav cov kev hem thawj uas tib neeg tam sim no ntsib nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev kis thoob ntiaj teb yav tom ntej, nrog rau cov kev tsim kho tshiab uas peb kev lag luam kws tshuaj tau ua haujlwm los tawm tsam lawv. Tab sis qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kev tsim kho tshiab no yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv kev lag luam loj-cov tshuaj tsim los kho ntau yam tsis yog tsim los kho ib qho.

Raws li qhov no, peb yuav sib tham txog kev hloov pauv dej hiav txwv uas tshwm sim hauv kev lag luam kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm peb txoj kev tsim kho tshiab - pib nrog genomics. Qhov no yog ib daim teb meant los hloov cov kab mob tua machetes nrog microscopic scalpels. Nws tseem yog ib thaj chaw uas yuav muaj ib hnub pom cov neeg nruab nrab tau txais kev nyab xeeb dua, muaj zog dua tshuaj, nrog rau cov lus qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv kho raws li lawv cov caj ces tshwj xeeb.

Tab sis ua ntej peb mus rau hauv dej tob, dab tsi yog genomics lawm?

Genome hauv koj

Lub genome yog tag nrho ntawm koj cov DNA. Nws yog koj software. Thiab nws tau pom nyob rau hauv (yuav luag) txhua lub cell hauv koj lub cev. Tsuas yog tshaj li peb txhiab tus tsiaj ntawv (paub khub) tsim cov software no cov cai, thiab thaum nyeem, nws sau txhua yam uas ua rau koj, koj. Qhov no suav nrog koj qhov muag xim, qhov siab, kev ua kis las thiab kev txawj ntse, txawm tias koj yuav muaj sia nyob.

Txawm li cas los xij, raws li qhov tseem ceeb raws li tag nrho cov kev paub no, nws tsuas yog tsis ntev los no uas peb tau nkag mus rau nws. Qhov no sawv cev rau thawj qhov kev tsim kho tshiab uas peb yuav tham txog: Tus nqi sequencing genomes (nyeem koj DNA) tau nqis los ntawm $ 100 lab hauv xyoo 2001 (thaum thawj tib neeg genome tau ua tiav) kom tsawg dua $ 1,000 xyoo 2015, nrog ntau qhov kev kwv yees kwv yees tias nws yuav poob ntxiv mus rau pennies los ntawm 2020.

Kev siv genome sequencing

Muaj ntau ntau rau genome sequencing dua li muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog koj caj ces caj ces lossis koj tuaj yeem tuav tau koj cov cawv. Raws li genome sequencing ua pheej yig txaus, tag nrho cov kev kho mob xaiv tau muaj. Qhov no suav nrog:

Kev ntsuam xyuas sai dua ntawm koj cov noob txhawm rau txheeb xyuas kev hloov pauv, kuaj pom cov kab mob tsis tshua muaj caj ces zoo dua, thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev cai thiab kev kho mob (ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem no cawm tau tus menyuam yug tshiab nyob rau hauv 2014);
Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm kev kho cov noob uas tuaj yeem pab kho lub cev tsis zoo (sib tham hauv tshooj tom ntej ntawm koob no);
Muab piv koj cov genome rau ntau lab ntawm lwm cov genomes kom nkag siab zoo dua (cov ntaub ntawv kuv) txhua tus noob hauv tib neeg genome ua dab tsi;
Kev kwv yees koj qhov kev pheej hmoo thiab kev pheej hmoo rau cov mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav los tiv thaiv cov mob no xyoo lossis ntau xyoo ua ntej koj yuav tsis pom lawv, feem ntau yog los ntawm txoj kev nyab xeeb, tshuaj muaj zog dua, tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab cov lus qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv raws li koj cov caj ces tshwj xeeb.

Qhov kawg taw tes yog qhov ncauj, tab sis nws kuj yog qhov loj. Nws spells qhov nce ntawm kev kwv yees thiab precision tshuaj. Cov no yog ob lub quantum leaps nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas peb mus rau kev kho mob uas yuav hloov kho qhov zoo ntawm koj kev noj qab haus huv, ib yam li cov nrhiav tau ntawm penicillin revolutionized kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj niam koj txiv thiab pog yawg.

Tab sis ua ntej peb khawb tob rau hauv ob txoj hauv kev no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb peb sib tham txog qhov kev hloov tshiab thib ob uas peb tau hais ua ntej: cov thev naus laus zis uas ua rau cov kev kho mob tshiab no ua tau.

CRISPR saib cov noob

Txog tam sim no, qhov kev tsim kho tshiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw genomics yog cov txheej txheem tshiab gene-spling hu ua CRISPR / Cas9.

thawj sab Xyoo 1987, Cas cov noob hauv peb cov DNA (CRISPR-cov noob caj noob ces) tau ntseeg tias tau hloov zuj zus raws li peb qhov kev tiv thaiv thawj zaug. Cov noob no tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thiab tsom rau cov khoom siv txawv teb chaws, uas tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj thiab txiav lawv tawm ntawm peb lub hlwb. Hauv xyoo 2012, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev (CRISPR/Cas9) los thim rov qab tus kws kho qhov txheej txheem no, tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb caj ces rau lub hom phiaj, tom qab ntawd splice / kho cov kab ke DNA tshwj xeeb.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov hloov pauv tiag tiag ntawm CRISPR / Cas9 (cia peb hu nws CRISPR mus tom ntej) yog tias nws tso cai rau peb tshem tawm lossis ntxiv cov noob caj ces tshiab rau peb cov DNA hauv txoj hauv kev uas nrawm dua, pheej yig dua, yooj yim dua, thiab muaj tseeb dua. txhua txoj kev siv ua ntej.

Cov cuab yeej no tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev thaiv rau kev kwv yees thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tam sim no hauv cov raj xa dej. Nws kuj yog ntau yam. Tsis yog tsuas yog siv los tsim ib qho kho mob HIV, nws tseem yog ib lub cuab tam tam sim no tau siv nyob rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb los tsim genetic hloov cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj, plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub ceev-loj hlob teb ntawm hluavtaws biology, thiab tej zaum yuav txawm siv los pib kho cov genomes ntawm tib neeg embryos rau. tsim cov me nyuam designer, Gattaca-style.

Nruab nrab ntawm av pheej yig gene sequencing thiab CRISPR tech, peb tam sim no pom DNA nyeem thiab kho cov cuab yeej siv los daws ntau yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis tsis muaj kev tsim kho tshiab yuav ua rau cov lus cog tseg ntawm kev kwv yees thiab cov tshuaj muaj tseeb yam tsis muaj qhov sib ntxiv ntawm peb qhov kev tsim kho tshiab.

Quantum suav decrypts lub genome

Yav dhau los, peb tau hais txog qhov poob qis thiab nrawm ntawm cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog genome sequencing. Los ntawm $ 100 lab hauv xyoo 2001 txog $ 1,000 hauv xyoo 2015, qhov ntawd yog 1,000 feem pua ntawm cov nqi poob, kwv yees li 5X poob rau hauv ib xyoos. Hauv kev sib piv, tus nqi ntawm kev suav yog poob los ntawm 2X ib xyoos ua tsaug rau Moore Txoj Cai. Qhov txawv ntawd yog qhov teeb meem.

Gene sequencing yog poob rau hauv tus nqi sai dua li kev lag luam hauv computer tuaj yeem khaws cia, raws li pom los ntawm daim duab hauv qab no (los ntawm ua lag ua luam Insider):

Qhov tsis sib xws no ua rau lub roob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces raug sau, tab sis tsis muaj lub roob sib npaug ntawm kev suav lub zog los txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv loj. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas qhov no tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem yog nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho genomics sub-field tsom rau microbiome.

Nyob rau hauv peb txhua tus yog ib tug complex ecosystem ntawm ntau tshaj 1,000 ntau hom kab mob (xws li cov kab mob, fungi, thiab lwm yam kab mob) uas ua ke sawv cev ntau tshaj peb lab cov noob, dwarfing tib neeg genome nrog nws 23,000 noob. Cov kab mob no muaj txog li ib mus rau peb phaus ntawm koj lub cev hnyav thiab tuaj yeem pom thoob plaws hauv koj lub cev, tshwj xeeb hauv koj lub plab.

Dab tsi ua rau cov kab mob ecosystem no tseem ceeb yog tias ntau pua txoj kev tshawb fawb tau khi koj microbiome kev noj qab haus huv rau koj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Qhov tseeb, qhov txawv txav hauv koj cov microbiome tau txuas nrog cov teeb meem nrog kev zom zaub mov, mob hawb pob, mob caj dab, rog, noj zaub mov tsis haum, txawm tias muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws xws li kev nyuaj siab thiab autism.

Cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab qhia tau hais tias kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntev ntev (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov) tuaj yeem ua rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj cov microbiome mus tas li los ntawm kev tua cov kab mob hauv lub plab noj qab haus huv uas ua rau cov kab mob tsis zoo. Qhov kev puas tsuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob uas tau hais los saum no.

Tias yog vim li cas cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau ua raws cov microbiome peb lab genes, nkag siab raws nraim li cas txhua tus noob cuam tshuam rau lub cev, tom qab ntawd siv CRISPR cov cuab yeej los tsim cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem xa rov qab tus neeg mob lub microbiome mus rau lub xeev noj qab haus huv-tej zaum yuav kho tau lwm yam kab mob hauv cov txheej txheem.

(Xav tias nws yog noj ib qho ntawm cov hipster, probiotic yogurts uas thov kom rov qab koj lub plab noj qab haus huv, tab sis qhov no yeej ua tau.)

Thiab ntawm no yog qhov uas peb rov qab los rau lub raj mis. Cov kws tshawb fawb tam sim no muaj cov thev naus laus zis uas xav tau los ua cov noob no thiab kho lawv, tab sis yog tias tsis muaj kev suav horsepower los ua cov gene sequences, peb yuav tsis nkag siab tias lawv ua dab tsi thiab yuav kho lawv li cas.

Hmoov zoo rau thaj chaw, qhov kev ua tiav tshiab hauv kev suav lub zog yog yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsiab lus los ntawm nruab nrab-2020s: quantum computers. Hais nyob rau hauv peb Yav tom ntej ntawm Computers series, thiab piav qhia luv luv (thiab zoo) hauv video hauv qab no, lub computer ua haujlwm quantum tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib hnub ua cov ntaub ntawv genomic hauv vib nas this, piv rau xyoo uas siv niaj hnub supercomputers.

Qhov kev ua haujlwm qib tom ntej no (ua ke nrog tus nqi me me ntawm kev txawj ntse tam sim no muaj) yog cov ceg uas ploj lawm uas xav tau los txhawb kev kwv yees thiab cov tshuaj precision mus rau hauv lub ntsiab.

Kev cog lus ntawm precision kho mob

Precision healthcare (yav tas los hu ua kev kho mob tus kheej) yog ib qho kev qhuab qhia uas lub hom phiaj los hloov hnub no "ib qho loj haum txhua qhov" nrog rau cov lus qhia zoo thiab kev kho mob uas haum rau tus neeg mob cov caj ces, ib puag ncig, thiab kev ua neej nyob.

Ib zaug dhau los ntawm xyoo 2020s lig, koj tuaj yeem mus ntsib ib lub tsev kho mob lossis tsev kho mob, qhia tus kws kho mob koj cov tsos mob, tso ntshav ib tee (tej zaum txawm yog cov quav quav), tom qab ib nrab teev tos, tus kws kho mob yuav rov qab los. Nrog rau kev soj ntsuam tag nrho ntawm koj cov genome, microbiome, thiab ntshav tsom xam. Siv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj xyuas tus kab mob tiag tiag (ua rau) ntawm koj cov tsos mob, piav qhia txog dab tsi txog koj lub cev cov caj ces ua rau koj raug tus kab mob no, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov ntawv sau rau koj hauv computer rau cov tshuaj uas yog tsim los kho koj tus kab mob. ib yam uas qhuas koj lub cev lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Zuag qhia tag nrho, los ntawm tag nrho cov sequencing ntawm koj cov genome, ua ke nrog kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm koj cov noob caj noob ces tswj koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv, koj tus kws kho mob yuav muaj ib hnub sau tshuaj zoo dua, muaj zog dua thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv, ntawm qhov tseeb ntau npaum li cas rau koj qhov tshwj xeeb physiology. Qhov kev hloov kho theem no tau ua rau muaj kev kawm tshiab-pharmacogenomics- uas yog kev txhawj xeeb nrog txoj hauv kev los them nyiaj rau qhov sib txawv ntawm caj ces hauv cov neeg mob uas ua rau muaj ntau cov lus teb rau ib qho tshuaj.

Kho koj ua ntej koj mob

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob yav tom ntej, thiab siv tib qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm koj cov genome, microbiome, thiab ntshav ua haujlwm, nws kuj tseem ua tau rau tus kws kho mob mus rau saum toj-thiab-tshaj tawm los ntawm kev pom zoo rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov lus qhia txog kev ua neej nrog rau Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv koj los ntawm ib hnub ntsib qee yam kab mob, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab mob hlwb uas koj cov caj ces predisposes koj.

Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no tuaj yeem ua tiav thaum yug los, yog li txhawb nqa koj tus kws kho mob kom ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv uas tuaj yeem them nyiaj faib tau zoo rau koj cov neeg laus. Thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws yuav zoo heev uas cov neeg tiam tom ntej yuav ntsib txoj sia tsis muaj kab mob ntau. Lub caij no, nyob rau lub sijhawm ze, kwv yees cov kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kev tuag tuaj yeem pab txuag tau txog $20 billion txhua xyoo hauv cov nqi kho mob (US system).

Cov kev tsim kho tshiab thiab cov qauv uas tau piav qhia hauv tshooj no piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm peb txoj haujlwm tam sim no ntawm "kev saib xyuas mob" mus rau ntau lub hauv paus ntawm "kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv." Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas hais txog kev tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob tshwm sim tag nrho.

Thiab tseem, qhov no tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm Peb Lub Neej Yav Tom Ntej ntawm Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv series. Tseeb tiag, kev kwv yees thiab cov tshuaj muaj tseeb yuav pab tau koj thaum koj mob, tab sis yuav ua li cas thaum koj raug mob? Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd hauv peb tshooj tom ntej.