Ƙarshen cinema a cikin shekarun dijital

Yi la'akari da kwarewar "tafi zuwa fina-finai." Hoton ganin asali star Wars or Tafi tare da iska or snow White a karon farko. A cikin zuciyar ku kuna iya ganin kyakyawa da shagali, sha'awa da sha'awa, ɗaruruwan mutane masu zumuɗi sun yi layi yayin da wasu taurarin ma na iya cuɗanya a cikin taron jama'a. Duba fitilun neon masu haske, manyan gidajen sinima masu suna kamar "Capitol" ko "The Royal."

Ka yi tunanin abin da ke ciki: Na'urar popcorn tana bubbuga kernels a bayan kanti wanda abokan farin ciki ke kewaye da shi, wani mutum ko mace sanye da kyau a ƙofar gidan suna shiga yayin da mutane ke shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ka yi tunanin taron jama'ar da ke rufe tagar gilashin da ke kusa da rumfar tikitin, inda wani ma'aikaci mai murmushi ya ba da izinin shiga ta tsakiyar ramin gilashin ga jama'a masu sha'awar da suka kwashe kuɗinsu a ƙarƙashin ramin gilashin.

Wucewa mai shiga-gidan da ke bakin kofa, ƴan kallo sun taru a hankali game da ɗakin, suna ta rada wa juna cikin jin daɗi yayin da suke zaune cikin jajayen kujerun ji, suna cire riguna da huluna. Kowa cikin ladabi yakan tashi idan wani ya isa wurin zamansa a tsakiyar layi, kuma ana kama hayaniya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo yayin da fitilu suka yi baƙar fata, masu kallo sun yi shiru kafin fim ɗin, suna ɗauke da tunanin su kamar a baya, saurayi ko budurwa. yana loda babban nadi na fim akan majigi sannan ya fara nunin.

Abin da ake nufi da zuwa fina-finai ke nan, dama? Shin ba wannan ba shine ƙwarewar da muka samu a kwanan nan ba kuma? Ba daidai ba.

Kamar yadda fina-finai suka canza, haka kuma kwarewar zuwa fina-finai. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ba su cika cika ba. Layukan abinci gajeru ne, kamar yadda kaɗan ke son ninka farashin ziyarar su don kawai buhun popcorn. Wasu gidajen wasan kwaikwayo suna da ɗimbin jama'a - Jumma'a, ranar sakin fina-finai a ko'ina don yin iƙirarin cewa "akwatin ofis ɗin karshen mako," ana iya cikawa - amma yawancin dare har yanzu akwai wadatattun wuraren zama.

Bayan mintuna goma sha biyar na talla, sanarwar sabis na jama'a akan amfani da wayar salula, da kuma takamaiman adadin fahariya game da sabis na kan layi na ikon mallakar gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuke ziyarta, ko halayen sauti na ɗakin da kuke ciki, samfotin farawa, kafin fim ɗin a ƙarshe. farawa minti ashirin bayan lokacin talla.

Duk waɗannan sakin layi biyun da suka gabata za su iya kasancewa tallace-tallacen bangarorin biyu da ke tashe yayin da gidajen sinima ke raguwa da bacewa: ƙungiyoyin masu tallata fina-finai da ƙungiyoyin anti-cinema. Ko daya daga cikinsu yana da wani abin da ya dace sau da yawa yana iya dogara ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kansa da kuma yanayin da ke kewaye da shi, amma bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu ɗauki cikakkiyar hanya kuma mu tinkari lamarin daga maƙasudin gaba ɗaya, ba tare da la’akari da fahimtar irin wannan matsayi ba.

Menene wadannan sakonni suka yi kama game da wasan kwaikwayo na fim, kuma mene ne bambancinsu? A cikin duka, kuna samun kanku a silima, wani lokacin tare da jakar popcorn da abin sha mai zaki, kuna kallon fim a tsakanin sauran mutane. Wani lokaci kuna dariya, wani lokacin kuka, wani lokacin ku zauna gaba ɗaya, wani lokacin kuma kuna tashi da wuri. Wannan labari na gaba ɗaya yana nuna cewa, mafi yawan lokuta, al'amuran yanayi shine abin da ke canza abubuwan cinema: gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana da hayaniya, fitilu suna da haske sosai, sauti mara kyau, abinci mara kyau, ko fim din datti.

Amma duk da haka yawancin masu kallon fina-finai wataƙila ba za su yi korafin cewa fitilu koyaushe suna da haske sosai ba ko kuma kullun ba su da kyau ko kuma fina-finan da suke gani koyaushe shara ne. Suna iya yin korafi game da abubuwan da suka dace, ko tsadar tikiti, ko kuma amfani da wayoyin salula a gidan wasan kwaikwayo.Waɗannan ba lallai ba ne abubuwan da ke faruwa ba, amma sun fi samun sakamakon sauye-sauyen yadda gidajen sinima ke gudana da kuma yadda mutane ke kallon fina-finai.

Abin da ya bambanta ya kasance a cikin hotunan: gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai kyau yana da haske da kuma biki. Yana cike da farin ciki da tunani, a zahiri yana fitar da farin ciki. Wasu abubuwa na nostalgia na wani lokaci na baya suna faruwa a cikin kayan ado da kayan ado na gidan wasan kwaikwayo: ma'aikata masu kyau da kuma jajayen kujeru, musamman. A cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na zamani, hoton babban jakar popcorn a farashi ɗaya da tikitin shiga gabaɗaya - wanda ya kashe ƙarin dala uku don 3D da ƙarin dala huɗu don zaɓar wurin zama - abin takaici ne idan aka kwatanta da mafi dacewa daidai gwargwado. jakunkuna na popcorn masu sauraro membobi na manufa nostalgic wasan kwaikwayo dauke. Tallace-tallacen da yawa kuma suna ba da sha'awa ga masu sauraro, wasu daga cikinsu suna nishadantarwa amma wasu suna da ban sha'awa.

Wannan ya sa na yi nazarin abin da a zahiri ya canza a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma watakila sanya wasu matsananciyar soka a cikin rami don gano abin da ke kashe gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Idan muka yi la’akari da tsawon shekaru 20 da suka shige, zan bincika sauye-sauyen yin fim, sauye-sauyen yadda mutane ke kallon fina-finai, da kuma canje-canje a gidajen kallo. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan za su haɗa da ƙididdiga, waɗanda yawancinsu za su fito ne daga gidajen sinima na Amurka. Zan yi iyakacin ƙoƙarina don in hana yin la'akari da lissafin ƙididdiga daga masu suka akan abin da fina-finai suke "mai kyau" ko "mara kyau," yayin da fim ɗin da aka fi sani da shi zai zama sananne a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, yawancin fina-finan da ba su da kyau har yanzu suna da girma. jimla da kuma yawan masu sauraro masu kyau duk da rashin aikinsu a idon masu suka - yayin da fina-finan "albashi" ko "al'ada" wadanda suka shahara tare da masu suka bazai iya samun kulawa sosai daga masu sauraro ba. A taƙaice, zan yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukar maganganun Roger Ebert kan dalilin da ya sa kudaden shiga na fim ke raguwa, in sabunta labarin tare da wasu sabbin bayanai da ƙarin fahimtar ko hasashen Ebert yana da fa'ida.

Canje-canje a Cinema

Mun fara jarrabawar mu na kallon fina-finan da kansu. Me ya sa masu sauraro suka rage zuwa cinema a cikin fina-finai da kansu? Ebert ya ambaci manyan abubuwan da suka faru a akwatin ofishin: shekara ba tare da mutum ba a dabi'a ba zai zama abin ban sha'awa ba fiye da shekara guda tare da tallan tallace-tallace mai girma. Daga hangen nesa na kudi kawai, idan muka kalli kudaden shiga na kowace shekara, zamu iya fitar da shekarun da suka sami manyan fina-finai masu nasara: 1998 (Titanic) ko 2009 (Avatar da kuma Juyin Juya-Juyayi: Yin ramuwar gayya) kyawawan misalai ne na wannan al’amari dangane da shekarun da suka gabace su da kuma bin su.

Don haka, za a iya kai mu ga tunanin cewa fim ɗin da ke da haɓaka da yawa da ke kewaye da shi yana da yuwuwar samun mafi girman tallace-tallacen ofisoshin akwatin na shekara fiye da shekarun da ba a sami nasarar babban ofishin akwatin ba (dangane da hauhawar farashin kaya). gyare-gyare na Lambobin, 1998 ya kasance a gaskiya mafi kyawun shekara don ofishin akwatin tsakanin 1995 da 2013). Sauran fina-finan da suka yi taɗi mai yawa game da fitowar su sun haɗa da na farko na Star Wars prequels The Phantom Menace, wanda aka fara a 1999 (har yanzu yana samun $75,000,000 kasa da Titanic, daidaitawa don hauhawar farashin kaya) da sabon ramuwa fim din da ya buga wasan kwaikwayo a cikin 2012 (kasar da duk bayanan da suka gabata, amma lokacin daidaitawa don hauhawar farashin kaya har yanzu bai wuce 1998 ba).

Don haka, da alama Ebert ya yi daidai yayin ɗaukar shekaru tare da babban fim ɗin da ya fi dacewa a dabi'ance ya fi samun yawan halartar fina-finai. Tallace-tallacen da ke kewaye da irin waɗannan fina-finai a zahiri suna ƙarfafa mutane da yawa don zuwa sinima, kuma muna iya ganin cewa yawancin irin waɗannan fina-finai sun kasance suna jagorantar manyan daraktoci (James Cameron, George Lucas, ko Michael Bay) ko kuma suna kasancewa a matsayin mahimman sassan. jerin (Harry mai ginin tukwane, Transformers, Labarin wasan yara, wani daga cikin Marvel fina-finai).

Duban abubuwan da ke faruwa a nau'ikan fina-finai da "nau'ikan halitta" kamar yadda Lambobin ke kiran su, za mu iya ganin cewa fina-finan barkwanci sun fi girma gabaɗaya (abin sha'awa sosai, ganin cewa babu fim ɗin da aka ambata ya zuwa yanzu da aka lakafta shi azaman wasan ban dariya, sai dai Toy Story) duk da kasancewar rabin yawan nau'o'in wasan kwaikwayo, waɗanda su ne kawai na uku gabaɗaya, wanda ya zarce nau'in "kasada" mai matukar fa'ida, wanda ke da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin kowane nau'in. Idan aka yi la’akari da cewa, dangane da matsakaita girma, nau’o’in kirkire-kirkire da suka fi samun riba ga fina-finai su ne ‘Super Hero,’ ‘Kids Fiction’ da ‘Fiction Science,’ bi da bi, wannan yana nuna tsari. Sabbin fina-finai masu nasara waɗanda ke zana ɗimbin jama'a suna jan hankalin yara kuma galibi suna da jarumtaka duk da haka "geekier" kyakkyawa (kalmar da ba na son amfani da ita amma wacce za ta ishe) fiye da sauran fina-finai. Masu suka na iya ambata wannan yanayin girma - Ebert ya yi a cikin labarinsa lokacin da ya ambaci lahani mai gajiyarwa "masu hayaniya da 'yan mata" da ke haifar da kwarewar masu kallon fina-finai sama da 30.

Fina-finan da suka yi da kyau suna da wasu halaye: za su iya zama “gutuwa,” “gaskiya,” “fantastical” da “girma.” Epic cinema tabbas yana aiki yadda ya kamata tare da binciko sabbin manyan jarumai waɗanda suka girma cikin shahara ko kuma litattafan matasa waɗanda ke buga allo (Harry Potter, Wasannin Yunwa, Twilight). Duk da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa, waɗannan fina-finai sukan yi ƙoƙari su kasance masu zurfi sosai kuma suna da cikakkun bayanai a cikin tsarin su don kada mai kallo ya dakatar da rashin imani na tsawon lokacin kallon fim din. Manyan jarumai suna da lahani kamar sauran mutane, almarar kimiyya da fantasy - ban da "babban fantasy" kamar ayyukan Tolkien - zane daga bayanan karya-kimiyya waɗanda ke da kyau kawai don yin ma'ana ga matsakaicin memba na masu sauraro (Yankin Pacific, sabon star Trek movies, Magariba).

Takardun da ke fallasa “gaskiya” na duniya shahararru ne (Ayyukan Michael Moore), tare da fina-finai a cikin yanayi na zahiri ko na zahiri (The Hurt Locker, Argo). Wannan yanayin ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin nau'ikan kafofin watsa labaru na zamani da yawa, kuma don haka ba sabon abu bane a cikin fina-finai. Yawan sha'awar fina-finan kasashen waje a kasuwannin turanci shi ma wata alama ce ta nasarorin da aka samu a bukukuwan fina-finai na kasa da kasa da kuma dunkulewar duniya wajen kawo fina-finai daga kasashen ketare zuwa sassan duniya da ba za su yi wani tasiri ba. Wannan batu na karshe zai sake bayyana yayin da muke tattaunawa kan yadda fina-finai na gasar ke fuskanta da kuma yadda gasar ta yi amfani da karuwar sha'awar fina-finai na kasashen waje.

Don ƙoƙarin zana ƙarshe daga wannan bayanan, duk da cewa ba a ƙididdige yawan masu kallo waɗanda ba su dace da tsarin da aka saba ba, muna iya ganin cewa fina-finai, gabaɗaya, suna canzawa don dacewa da dandano na masu sauraro waɗanda suke. sun fi sha'awar ganin fina-finai masu banƙyama, gaskiya, aiki ko wasan kwaikwayo. Fina-finan da aka yi niyya ga matasa masu sauraro har yanzu suna samun kulawa sosai daga tsofaffin alƙaluma, kuma ana ɗaukar jerin littattafan matasa da yawa don allo.

Ganin cewa waɗannan sha'awar sun kasance suna wakiltar ƙaramin tsararraki, yana da dabi'a ga Ebert da sauransu don jin cewa akwai ƙarancin ƙarfafawa a gare su don zuwa gidajen cinema: sha'awar Hollywood sun koma ga masu sauraron matasa. Wannan wani bangare ne na bayyana karuwar shaharar fina-finan kasashen waje, da samun damar yin amfani da shi ta hanyar Intanet da kuma karin kasuwannin duniya, saboda wadannan sun shafi nau'o'in nau'o'i da al'adu iri-iri wadanda za su iya jan hankalin masu sauraro da yawa. Daga ƙarshe, zuwa cinema ya ci gaba da zama abin dandano: idan dandano na masu sauraro ba su dace da yanayin cinema ba, ba za su gamsu ba.

Don haka, masu sauraro waɗanda ba sa neman gaskiyar gaskiya ko almara na kimiyya, yawancin waɗanda aka zana su daga kayan ado da makamantansu, na iya samun wahalar ganin abin da suke so a cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo.

Canje-canje a cikin Kallon Fina-finai

Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, manyan fina-finai a gidajen sinima sukan bi wasu alamu. Duk da haka, cinemas ba shine kawai wurin da za mu iya samun fim mai kyau ba. Wani labarin Globe da Mail na kwanan nan na Geoff Pevere ya ba da shawarar cewa talabijin ita ce sabuwar "matsakaici na zaɓi ga mutanen da ke neman karkatar da hankali." Ya yi magana game da irin abubuwan da Ebert ya saba da shi lokacin da ya yi tsokaci game da rashin "wasan kwaikwayo na tsakiya," yana mai cewa zaɓin mai kallon fim a zamanin yau "ko dai an sake shi a ɗan ɗan gajeren lokaci (wanda yawancinmu muna kallo a gida a talabijin). ko ta yaya) ko kuma wani fim ɗin inda duniya ta kusa halaka har sai wani a cikin matsi ya tashi cikin firam ɗin 3-D don adana shi. "

Wadannan kalaman na iya nuna sha'awar da ke tsakanin masu matsakaicin matsayi, wanda Pevere ke nufi da labarinsa, cewa fina-finai ba su da "karkatar da hankali."

Idan aka yi la’akari da sauye-sauye da yanayin da aka jera a sama, a bayyane yake cewa masu kallo waɗanda ba su da sha’awar ci gaban ci gaban cinema za su nemi wani wuri don karkatar da su, kuma tare da yalwar sauran zaɓuɓɓukan da ake da su, ba abin mamaki ba ne. Duk da yake a cikin zamanin da ba a taɓa gani ba a zamanin da, fim ɗin shine ainihin hanya ɗaya tilo don ganin fina-finai - farkon TV ɗin yana da iyakancewa ta fuskar kayan aiki - yanzu masu sauraro za su iya amfani da sabis iri-iri na buƙatu don ganin fina-finai ba tare da fita ba. saya DVD ko ma tuƙi zuwa kantin hayar bidiyo, yawancin su yanzu an rufe su (Blockbuster shine misalin da ake yawan ambato).

Masu ba da sabis na USB kamar Rogers, Bell, Cogeco da sauran masu samar da kebul suma suna ba da sabis na fina-finai da TV da ake buƙata, yayin da AppleTV da Netflix suna ba wa masu kallo nau'ikan fina-finai da nunin TV da yawa (duk da cewa ƙasa da kayan kwanan nan a Kanada fiye da na Amurka). ). Hatta Fina-finan Youtube suna ba da fina-finai da yawa, kyauta ko biya.

Ko da ba tare da biyan kuɗin irin wannan sabis ɗin ba, tare da kwamfuta mai aiki da Intanet, yana da matukar dacewa da sauƙi ga wani ya sami fina-finai a kan layi, ko dai ta hanyar rafi ko gidajen yanar gizon fina-finai kyauta, da kallon fina-finai ba tare da caji ba. Yayin da gwamnatoci da kamfanoni za su yi ƙoƙarin rufe irin waɗannan shafuka, irin waɗannan gidajen yanar gizon suna da juriya sosai kuma galibi ana yin proxies don haɓaka rukunin yanar gizon.

Duk da haka yayin da waɗannan canje-canjen na iya ba wa cinephiles tare da "wasan kwaikwayo mai wayo" da suke nema, yana da mummunar alama ga cinemas. Ƙara sha'awar fina-finai na kasashen waje, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da kuma Ebert ya nakalto game da ɗimbin shahararrun fina-finai na kasashen waje a kan Netflix, waɗanda ba su da sauƙi a samu a manyan gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na fim, kuma yana nufin cewa masu son fim za su nemi wasu hanyoyi. na samun riko da sabbin fina-finai masu ban sha'awa. Kamar yadda Ebert ya yi kashedin, “ gidajen wasan kwaikwayo suna bunƙasa don ’yan sanda masu sauraron su, suna nuna lakabi iri-iri da kuma jaddada fasalulluka masu ƙima. Sauran zasu buƙaci daidaitawa don tsira.

Canje-canje a Cinema

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kansa ya canza: sabbin fasahohi kamar 3D sun fi kowa tare da ƙirar wasan kwaikwayo. A Toronto, Cineplex, babban kamfani na cinema na Kanada, yana da ƙungiyar ɗaiɗaikun gidan wasan kwaikwayo: farashin iri ɗaya, tsarin iri ɗaya, abinci iri ɗaya. Ga wasu masu kallon fim ɗin, zaɓin ba su da kyau. Farashin tikitin ya haura kusan $20 don 3D ko AVX (waɗanda aka ba da wurin zama tare da ƙarin ɗaki na ƙafa da tsarin sauti mai ƙarfi), kuma farashin “popcorn & 2 drinks combo” na mutane 2 na iya biyan mutum na uku ya zo wurin. fim din. Wasu masu kallo suna ganin 3D mai ban sha'awa ko ban haushi - Ni da kaina na sami wasu abubuwan ban takaici da suka dace da ƙarin gilashin gilashi a kan kaina, sa'an nan kuma gano cewa dole ne kaina ya kasance a tsakiya kuma a tsaye don kada hoton ya karkata ta cikin tabarau.

Duk da haka, 3D ya kasance sananne a cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo kuma tare da manyan fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke amfani da 3D har zuwa wani lokaci; ga alama gidajen wasan kwaikwayo za su ci gaba da yin amfani da fasaha a tsakanin sabbin hanyoyin inganta ingancin bidiyo da sauti a cikin gidajen sinima, ko ta hanyar samun manyan allo ko kujeru.

Gabaɗaya, waɗannan canje-canjen sun bayyana suna nuna sha'awar ƙarfafa mutane su zo su ji daɗin fina-finai ta hanyar ɗaukar mantra "ku tafi babba ko ku tafi gida," tare da manyan sassa, manyan fuska da masu magana da haɓaka. Shirye-shirye kamar katin SCENE na Cineplex suna ba da tikitin fim kyauta lokacin da aka tara isassun maki, yana barin masu kallon sinima waɗanda ke kashe kuɗi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo su adana kan tikitin kyauta bayan 10 ko fiye da fina-finai - kodayake haɗin gwiwa tare da bankin Scotia yana nufin masu riƙe katin Scotia na iya samun tikiti kyauta. daga kashewa da katunan su. Tsarin irin wannan yana ƙarfafa mutane su ziyarci ƙarin saboda lokaci na gaba fim ɗin zai iya zama kyauta.

Amma, ganin cewa Cineplex ya sayi duk gasar su a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata (a daidai lokacin da yawancin waɗannan canje-canje suka fara aiki), yana kama da cewa gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na fim gabaɗaya suna raguwa. Duk da yake taswirar ba ta fayyace yadda ake ƙididdige bayananta ba, Cinema Treasures yana ba da ƙima mara kyau na rufaffiyar wasan kwaikwayo idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda aka buɗe a Kanada. Babu shakka yawancin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo sun rufe shekarun da suka gabata, kamar yadda wasu sunayen da ba a sani ba za su ba da shawarar, amma duk da haka akwai adadi mai yawa na wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda suka rufe a cikin 'yan shekarun nan - waɗanda ke kusa da ni sun haɗa da yawancin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na AMC waɗanda suka tsaya a gefen Toronto kuma a cikin ƴan zaɓaɓɓun wurare a cikin gari. Yawancin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo da aka rufe na ƙananan kamfanoni ne ko kuma sun kasance masu zaman kansu.

Wadanda ba su iya canzawa zuwa fina-finai na dijital, kamar yadda Indiewire ya ruwaito a bara, suma sun bace da sauri daga tituna. Lokaci zai nuna ko gidajen wasan kwaikwayo za su ci gaba da bacewa ko kuma lambobin za su tsaya tsayin daka na ɗan lokaci tukuna, amma da alama maganganun Ebert sun ci gaba da aiki bayan shekaru biyu.