Ukuphela kwe-cinema enkathini yedijithali

Bona ngeso lengqondo isipiliyoni "sokuya kumamuvi." Isithombe sibona okwangempela I-star wars or Gone ne-Wind or Iqhwa elimhlophe okokuqala. Emqondweni wakho ungase ubone ubukhazikhazi nomcimbi, isasasa nomdlandla, amakhulu abantu abajabule beklelile kuyilapho ezinye zezinkanyezi zingase zihlangane esixukwini esixubile. Bona izibani ze-neon ezikhanyayo, amasinema amakhulu anamagama afana ne-"Capitol" noma "iRoyal."

Cabanga ngengaphakathi: Umshini we-popcorn ophuma izikhwebu ngemuva kwekhawunta ezungezwe abaxhasi abajabule, owesilisa noma owesifazane ogqoke kahle emnyango othatha indawo yokungena njengoba abantu bengena ethiyetha. Ake ucabange isixuku sivala iwindi lengilazi elizungeze idokodo lamathikithi, lapho isisebenzi esimomothekayo sidlulisa indawo yokungena embotsheni emaphakathi yephaneli yengilazi kubantu abazimisele abafaka imali yabo ngaphansi kwembobo yengilazi.

Kudlule umuntu ongeniswa emnyango, izethameli zinqwabelana ngokunganaki ekamelweni, zihlebelane ngesasasa njengoba zihlezi ezihlalweni ezizwakala zibomvu, zikhumula amajazi nezigqoko. Wonke umuntu usukuma ngesizotha uma othile sekufanele afinyelele esihlalweni sakhe phakathi nomugqa, futhi umsindo ozwakalayo waseshashalazini uyaboshwa njengoba izibani ziba mnyama, izethameli zithule ngaphambi kwefilimu, equkethe imizwa yabo njengokuthi ngemuva kwabo, insizwa noma intombi. ilayisha umqulu osindayo wefilimu ku-projektha bese iqala umbukiso.

Yilokho ukuya kuma-movie kumayelana, akunjalo? Ingabe lokho akusona isipiliyoni sonke esibe nakho emibukisweni yakamuva? Hhayi impela.

Njengoba nje amamuvi eshintshile, kanjalo nolwazi lokuya kumamuvi. Amathiyetha awagcwele kangako. Imigqa yokudla imfushane ngokuqhathaniswa, njengoba abambalwa bafuna ukuphinda kabili izindleko zokuvakasha kwabo ngenxa yesikhwama esikhulu samaphophukhoni. Amanye amatiyetha anezithameli eziningi - NgoLwesihlanu, usuku lokukhishwa kwefilimu olutholakala yonke indawo ukuze kuthiwe "impelasonto yehhovisi lebhokisi," ingagcwala - kodwa ubusuku obuningi kusenezihlalo eziningi ezingenalutho.

Ngemuva kwemizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu yokukhangisa, izimemezelo zesevisi yomphakathi ngokusetshenziswa komakhalekhukhwini, kanye nenani elithile lokuziqhayisa mayelana nezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi ze-franchise yetiyetha oyivakashelayo, noma izimfanelo zokulalelwayo nokubonwayo zegumbi okulo, ukubuka kuqala kuqala, ngaphambi kokuthi ifilimu igcine iqala imizuzu engamashumi amabili ngemuva kwesikhathi esikhangisiwe.

Zombili lezi zigaba ezedlule bezingaba izikhangiso zezinhlangothi ezimbili eziqhamukayo njengoba amathiyetha ancipha futhi ashabalala: amaqembu asekela amasinema kanye namaqembu amelene nesinema. Ukuthi omunye wabo unelungelo yini ngokuvamile kungancika ethiyetha ngokwayo kanye nezimo ezizungezile, kodwa ake sizame ukuthatha indlela ephelele futhi sibhekane nenkinga sisendaweni evamile, ngaphandle kokunaka ukungalungi kwesimo esinjalo.

Le milayezo ifana ngani ngetiyetha yefilimu, futhi imuphi umehluko phakathi kwayo? Kuzo zombili, uzithola use-cinema, ngezinye izikhathi nesikhwama se-popcorn nesiphuzo esinoshukela se-monolithic, ubukele ifilimu phakathi kwabanye abantu. Kwesinye isikhathi uyahleka, ukhala, kwesinye isikhathi uhlale njalo kwesinye isikhathi usheshe uhambe. Lesi simo esivamile sibonisa ukuthi, izikhathi eziningi, izici zesimo yizo ezishintsha okuhlangenwe nakho kwesinema: ithiyetha inomsindo, izibani zikhanya kakhulu, umsindo mubi, ukudla akunambithisisi kahle, noma imuvi ingudoti.

Nokho iningi lababukeli bamabhayisikobho cishe ngeke likhononde ngokuthi izibani zihlala zikhanya kakhulu noma umsindo uhlezi umubi noma amafilimu abawabonayo ahlala ewudoti. Bangase bakhononde ngezinto ezilula, noma izindleko eziphezulu zethikithi, noma ukusetshenziswa komakhalekhukhwini etiyetha. Lokhu ngokuvamile akuzona izimo ezikhona, kodwa kakhulu umphumela wezinguquko endleleni amabhayisikobho asebenza ngayo kanye nendlela abantu ababona ngayo amafilimu.

Okuhlukile kuvame ukuba sesithombeni: ithiyetha ekahle iyakhanya futhi inemikhosi. Igcwele injabulo nokucabanga, empeleni iveza injabulo. Izakhi ezithile ze-nostalgia zesikhathi esidlule zenzeka emigqonyeni nasezicini zokuhlobisa zaseshashalazini: abasebenzi abagqoke kahle kanye nezihlalo ezibomvu ezizizwayo, ikakhulukazi. Etiyetha yesimanje, isithombe sesikhwama esikhulu sama-popcorn esibiza inani elifanayo nethikithi lokungena elivamile - elibiza amadola amathathu engeziwe nge-3D kanye namadola amane engeziwe ukukhetha isihlalo - siyadumaza uma siqhathaniswa nokulinganiswa ngokufanele. izikhwama ze-popcorn amalungu ezithameli zethiyetha ye-nostalgic efanelekile. Izikhangisi eziningi nazo zishiya imibono kubabukeli, ezinye zazo zijabulisa kodwa ezinye ziyisicefe.

Lokhu kungiholela ekuhloleni ukuthi yini eshintshile ngempela endaweni yeshashalazi futhi mhlawumbe ngigwaze kwalasha ukuze ngithole ukuthi empeleni yini ebulala ibhayisikobho. Uma ngibheka phakathi neminyaka engu-20 noma ngaphezulu edlule, ngizohlola izinguquko ekwenzeni amafilimu, izinguquko endleleni abantu abawabona ngayo amafilimu, nezinguquko ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Amanye ala maphuzu azohlanganisa izibalo, iningi lazo elizobe livela kumathiyetha amafilimu aseMelika. Ngizokwenza konke okusemandleni ami ukwenqaba ukumane ngicaphune ohlwini lwezibalo zabagxeki lapho amafilimu “mahle” noma “mabi,” njengoba nakuba ifilimu egxekwa ngokugxekayo ngokuvamile izothandwa ezinkundleni zemidlalo yeshashalazi, amafilimu amaningi angenzi kahle asemakhulu kakhulu. izibalo kanye nosayizi abahle bezethameli naphezu kokungenzi kahle kwabo emehlweni abagxeki - kuyilapho amafilimu "e-niche" noma "amahlelo" athandwa kakhulu abagxeki angase angatholi ukunakwa okuningi nayizethameli ngaso sonke isikhathi. Empeleni, ngizozama ukuthatha izitatimende zikaRoger Ebert zokuthi kungani imali ye-movie yehla, futhi ngivuselele i-athikili ngolunye ulwazi lwakamuva kanye nomuzwa ongcono wokuthi imibono ka-Ebert ifanelekile yini.

Izinguquko ku-Cinema

Siqala ukuhlolwa kwethu sibheka amafilimu ngokwawo. Yini edale ukuthi izethameli zingayi e-cinema kancane ngokwamafilimu? U-Ebert ukhuluma ngamahithi amakhulu e-box-office: unyaka ongenawo ngokwemvelo uzobukeka ungathandeki kunonyaka onesikhangiso esikhangiswa kakhulu, sebhajethi enkulu. Ngokombono wezezimali kuphela, uma sibheka imali engenayo yonyaka ngamunye, singakhetha iminyaka eyayinamafilimu amakhulu ayimpumelelo: 1998 (I-Titanic) noma 2009 (avatar futhi Abashintshi: Ukuziphindisela Kwawa) ziyizibonelo ezinhle zalesi simo uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka eyandulelayo nezilandelayo.

Ngakho-ke, singase siholele ekucabangeni ukuthi imuvi ene-hype eningi ezungezile kungenzeka ukuthi iqoqe ukuthengiswa kwehhovisi lebhokisi eliphakeme kakhulu ngonyaka kuneminyaka lapho ingekho khona impumelelo ebaluleke kakhulu yehhovisi lebhokisi (ngokusekelwe ekwenyukeni kwamandla emali. ukulungiswa kwe-The Numbers, 1998 kusewunyaka owenza kahle kakhulu ehhovisi lebhokisi phakathi kuka-1995 no-2013). Amanye amamuvi abenokuningi kwezwi mayelana nokukhululwa kwawo ahlanganisa eyokuqala ye-Star Wars prequels I-Phantom Menace, eyaqala ukuboniswa ngo-1999 (isenza ama- $75,000,000 ngaphansi kwalokhu Titanic, ukulungisa ukwehla kwamandla emali) kanye nokusha Avengers ifilimu eyangena ezinkundleni zemidlalo yeshashalazi ngo-2012 (ehlula wonke amarekhodi adlule, kodwa lapho kulungiswa ukwehla kwamandla emali namanje ayikakhuli ngo-1998).

Ngakho-ke, kubonakala sengathi u-Ebert wayeqinisile ekucabangeni ukuthi iminyaka ngefilimu enkulu ye-blockbuster kwakungenzeka ukuthi ibangele abantu abaningi abakhona kuma-movie. Ukumaketha okuzungeze amafilimu anjalo ngokwemvelo kukhuthaza abantu abaningi ukuthi baye ebhayisikobho, futhi siyabona ukuthi amafilimu amaningi anjalo avame ukuholwa abaqondisi abasezingeni eliphezulu (uJames Cameron, uGeorge Lucas, noma uMichael Bay) noma abakhona njengezingxenye ezibalulekile zefilimu. uchungechunge (UHarry Potter, Ama-Transformers, Indaba Yamathoyizi, noma ikuphi kwe Marvel amafilimu).

Uma sibheka okuthrendayo ezinhlotsheni zama-movie "nezinhlobo zobuciko" njengoba i-Numbers izibiza kanjalo, singabona amahlaya asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu (okuthakazelisayo ngokwanele, uma kubhekwa ukuthi ayikho i-movie okukhulunywe ngayo kuze kube manje enelebuli yamahlaya, ngaphandle kwe I-toy story) naphezu kokuba ingxenye yamadrama eyingxenye yesithathu kuphela, idlulwa uhlobo “lokuzidela” olunenzuzo enkulu, olunesamba esiphezulu esiphezulu sanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi, ngokwemali eyisamba, izinhlobo zokudala ezinenzuzo kakhulu zamafilimu ‘Iqhawe Elinamandla,’ ‘Inganekwane Yezingane’ kanye ‘Nenganekwane Yesayensi,’ ngokulandelana, lokhu kuphakamisa iphethini. Amafilimu amasha aphumelelayo adonsa izethameli eziningi avame ukukhanga izingane futhi avame ukuba nobuhle obunobuqhawe kodwa “obuqina” (igama engingathandi ukulisebenzisa kodwa elizokwanela) kunamanye amafilimu. Abagxeki bangase bakhulume ngalo mkhuba okhulayo - u-Ebert uyakwenza esihlokweni sakhe lapho ekhuluma ngokulimala okukhathazayo "abafana namantombazane abanomsindo" okubangela umuzwa weshashalazi wababukeli bamafilimu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30.

Amabhayisikobho enza kahle athambekele ekubeni nezici ezithile: angaba “aluhlaza,” “angokoqobo,” “amnandi” kanye “nokukhulu.” I-Epic cinema isebenza ngempumelelo ngokuhlola amaqhawe anamandla aqala ukuduma noma amanoveli entsha ashaya izikrini (UHarry Potter, Imidlalo Yendlala, Twilight). Naphezu kwezakhi ezimangalisayo, lawa mafilimu ngokuvamile azama ukucwiliswa kakhulu futhi anemininingwane ekwakhiweni kwawo ukuze umbukeli angadingi ukumisa ukungakholwa kwawo isikhathi eside njengoba ebukele ifilimu. Amaqhawe anamandla anamaphutha njengabo bonke abanye abantu, inganekwane yesayensi kanye nenganekwane - ngaphandle “kwenganekwane ephezulu” njengemisebenzi kaTolkien - edwetshwa ezincazelweni mbumbulu zesayensi ezivele zibe nengqondo kulungu lezethameli elijwayelekile (Osebeni lwe-Pacific, entsha Star Trek amabhayisikobho, Ntambama).

Amadokhumentari adalula “iqiniso” lomhlaba adumile (imisebenzi kaMichael Moore), kanye namamuvi asesimweni esingokoqobo noma esihlokweni (I-Hurt Locker, Argo). Lo mkhuba uvame kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zemidiya yesimanje, futhi ngenxa yalokho akuyona into engavamile kumafilimu. Ukwanda kwesithakazelo kumafilimu angaphandle phakathi kwezimakethe zaseNgilandi kuwuphawu lwempumelelo yamafestivali amafilimu amazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke ekuletheni amafilimu avela emazweni angaphandle ezingxenyeni zomhlaba lapho ayengeke athole khona ukuqashelwa okukhulu. Leli phuzu lokugcina lizophinde livele njengoba sixoxa ngokukhula kwamabhayisikobho okuncintisana abhekana nakho nokuthi lowo mncintiswano ulisebenzise kanjani ithuba lokukhula kwesithakazelo kumafilimu angaphandle.

Ukuze sizame ukuthola isiphetho kule datha, nakuba esingabaleli izibukeli eziningi ezingalandeli iphethini evamile, singabona ukuthi amamuvi, ngokuvamile, ayashintsha ukuze afane nokuthandwa kwezithameli unentshisekelo enkulu yokubona amafilimu aluhlaza, angokoqobo, esenzo noma edrama. Amafilimu aqondiswe ezithamelini ezincane asathola ukunakwa okukhulu okuvela kuzibalo zabantu abadala, futhi uchungechunge lwezincwadi eziningi zentsha luhlwithwa esikrinini.

Uma kubhekwa ukuthi lezi zithakazelo zivame ukumela isizukulwane esisha, kungokwemvelo ukuthi u-Ebert nabanye bazizwe sengathi sincane isikhuthazo sokuba baye kumabhayisikobho: okuthakaselwayo kweHollywood kudlulele kulezo zezethameli ezincane. Lena ingxenye ethile echaza ukuthandwa okukhulayo kwamafilimu angaphandle, ukufinyeleleka kakhudlwana ngenxa ye-inthanethi kanye nemakethe yomhlaba wonke, njengoba lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezibanzi zezinhlobo namasiko ezingase zikhange kakhulu izethameli ezindala. Ekugcineni, ukuya e-cinema kuyaqhubeka kuyindaba yokunambitha: uma ukunambitheka kwezithameli kungahambisani nezitayela ze-cinema, ngeke baneliseke.

Ngakho-ke, izethameli ezingabheki amaqiniso aluhlaza noma izinganekwane zesayensi, eziningi zazo ezithathwe ebuhleni kanye nezakhi zomklamo ezifanayo, zingase zikuthole kunzima ukubona ezikufunayo kumathiyetha.

Izinguquko Ekubukeni Amafilimu

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amafilimu amakhulu emabhayisikobho avame ukulandela amaphethini athile. Nokho, amasinema akusewona ukuphela kwendawo esingathola kuyo ifilimu enhle. Isihloko sakamuva se-Globe and Mail kaGeoff Pevere siphakamise ukuthi ithelevishini “iyindlela entsha yokuzikhethela yabantu abafuna umdlalo ohlakaniphile.” Unanela imizwa ejwayele eka-Ebert lapho ephawula ngokuntuleka “komdlalo ophakathi nendawo,” ethi ukukhetha kombukeli wamabhayisikobho namuhla “kungase kukhishwe kancane imali yokuthenga indlu yobuciko be-indie (okungenzeka iningi lethu liyibukele ekhaya ku-TV. noma kunjalo) noma enye imuvi lapho umhlaba ucishe wabhujiswa kuze kube yilapho umuntu ogqoke izingubo eziqinile endizela kuhlaka lwe-3-D ukuze ayigcine.”

Lawa mazwi angase abonise isifiso esikhulayo phakathi kwesigaba esiphakathi, uPevere aqondise kuso isihloko sakhe, sokuthi amabhayisikobho awasewona “umdlalo ohlakaniphile.”

Uma kubhekwa izinguquko namathrendi okubalwe ngenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi ababukeli abangenalo isithakazelo emakethe ye-cinema ekhulayo bazobheka kwenye indawo ukuzijabulisa kwabo, futhi ngobuningi bezinye izinketho ezitholakalayo, akumangazi. Ngenkathi ezinsukwini zakudala zakudala i-cinema bekuwukuphela kwendlela yokubona amafilimu - i-TV yakuqala inomkhawulo ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo - manje izethameli zingasebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo ezifunwa kakhulu ukuze zibone amafilimu ngaphandle kokuphuma futhi. thenga iDVD noma ushayele uye esitolo esiqashisa ngevidiyo, iningi lazo esesivaliwe (i-Blockbuster iyisibonelo esicashunwa njalo).

Abahlinzeki besevisi yamakhebula abafana noRogers, Bell, Cogeco nabanye abahlinzeki bezintambo eziningi nabo bahlinzeka ngamamuvi kanye nezinsiza ze-TV ezifunwayo, kuyilapho i-AppleTV ne-Netflix ihlinzeka ababukeli ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zamafilimu nezinhlelo ze-TV (yize izinto zamuva nje ezincane e-Canada kunase-US. ). Ngisho nama-movie we-YouTube ahlinzeka ngamamuvi ambalwa, mahhala noma akhokhelwayo.

Ngisho nangaphandle kokukhokhela insizakalo enjalo, enekhompuyutha esebenzayo ne-inthanethi, kulula kakhulu futhi kulula ngomuntu ukuthola amamuvi ku-inthanethi, kungaba ngezifufula noma amawebhusayithi emuvi amahhala, futhi abuke amafilimu mahhala. Ngenkathi ohulumeni nezinkampani zizozama ukuvala izingosi ezinjalo, amawebhusayithi anjalo aqinile kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kwenziwa ama-proxi ukuze kugcinwe amasayithi.

Nokho nakuba lezi zinguquko zingase zinikeze ama-cinephiles “ngomdlalo ohlakaniphile” abawufunayo, kuwuphawu olubi kumabhayisikobho. Ukwanda kwesithakazelo kumafilimu angaphandle, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, futhi kucashunwe ngu-Ebert mayelana nenani elikhulu lamafilimu angaphandle adumile ku-Netflix, angatholakali kalula kumabhayisikobho amakhulu, kusho nokuthi abathandi befilimu bazofuna ezinye izindlela. yokuthola amafilimu amasha athokozisayo. Njengoba u-Ebert exwayisa, “izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi ziyachuma lapho zigcina izethameli zazo, zibonise izihloko ezihlukahlukene futhi zigcizelele izici ezinenzuzo.” Abanye bazodinga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze baphile.

Izinguquko eCinema

Itiyetha ngokwayo nayo isishintshile: ubuchwepheshe obusha njenge-3D buvame kakhulu kanye nomklamo wetiyetha. E-Toronto, i-Cineplex, inkampani enkulu ye-cinema yaseCanada, inenhlangano efanayo yemidlalo yaseshashalazini: amanani afanayo, amasistimu afanayo, ukudla okufanayo. Kwabanye abahambayo bama-movie, izinketho zishoda. Amanani amathikithi akhuphuka asondele ku-$20 ku-3D noma i-AVX (izihlalo ezabelwe indawo enemilenze eyengeziwe kanye nesistimu yomsindo enamandla), futhi intengo "ye-popcorn & 2 drinks combo" kubantu abangu-2 ingakhokhela umuntu wesithathu ukuthi eze imuvi. Ezinye izibukeli zithola i-3D ixakile noma iyacasula - Mina ngokwami ​​ngike ngaba nakho okunye okukhungathekisayo kokufaka izibuko ezengeziwe phezu kweyami, bese ngithola ukuthi ikhanda lami kufanele lihlale ligxile futhi liqondile ukuze isithombe singahlanekezeli ngezibuko.

Noma kunjalo, i-3D isalokhu idumile kumatiyetha kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamamuvi asebenzisa i-3D ngezinga elithile; kubukeka sengathi amatiyetha azoqhubeka nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe phakathi kwezindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yevidiyo nomsindo kumasinema, noma ngokuba nezikrini ezinkulu noma izihlalo.

Ngokuvamile, lezi zinguquko zibonakala zibonisa isifiso sokukhuthaza abantu ukuba beze futhi bajabulele amafilimu ngokwamukela inkulumo-ze ethi “hambani nikhulu noma niye ekhaya,” enezingxenye ezinkulu, izikrini ezinkulu nezipikha ezihamba phambili. Izinhlelo ezifana nekhadi le-SCENE le-Cineplex likhipha amathikithi e-movie amahhala uma amaphuzu anele enqwabelene, okuvumela abadlali basesinema abasebenzisa imali yasetiyetha ukuthi bonge ithikithi lamahhala ngemuva kwamamuvi ayi-10 noma ngaphezulu - nakuba ukubambisana ne-Scotiabank kusho ukuthi abanikazi bamakhadi base-Scotiabank bangathola amathikithi mahhala. ekuchitheni imali namakhadi abo. Izinhlelo ezifana nalezi zikhuthaza abantu ukuthi bavakashele kakhulu njengoba ngokuzayo imuvi ingaba mahhala.

Kodwa, uma kubhekwa ukuthi i-Cineplex ithenge yonke imincintiswano yabo eminyakeni embalwa edlule (ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba iningi lalezi zinguquko seziqalile ukusebenza), kubukeka sengathi amathiyetha ama-movie jikelele ayantengantenga. Nakuba imephu ingacacile ukuthi idatha yayo ibalwa kanjani, iCinema Treasures inikeza isilinganiso esifiphele setiyetha evaliwe uma kuqhathaniswa navuliwe e-Canada. Ngokusobala izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi eziningi zivaliwe emashumini eminyaka edlule, njengoba amanye amagama angajwayelekile ezophakamisa, kodwa kukhona isibalo esikhulu semidlalo yaseshashalazini evalwe eminyakeni yamuva nje - eseduze nami ihlanganisa izinkundla eziningi zeshashalazi ze-AMC ezazimi ngasemaphethelweni eToronto futhi. ezindaweni ezimbalwa ezikhethiwe zedolobha. Amathiyetha amaningi avaliwe abezinkampani ezincane noma ayezimele.

Labo abangakwazi ukushintshela kwifilimu yedijithali, njengoba i-Indiewire yabika ngonyaka odlule, nabo banyamalala ngokushesha emigwaqweni. Isikhathi sizosho ukuthi amathiyetha azoqhubeka nokunyamalala noma izinombolo zizohlala zizinzile isikhathi esithile, kodwa izitatimende zika-Ebert zibonakala ziqhubeka nokusebenza eminyakeni emibili kamuva.