Mapeto a kanema mu nthawi ya digito

Taonani chitsanzo cha “kupita ku akanema.” Chithunzi kuwona choyambirira Star Nkhondo or Kutha ndi Mphepo or Kuyera kwamatalala kwa nthawi yoyamba. M’maganizo mwanu mungaone kukongola ndi mwambo, chisangalalo ndi kutengeka mtima, mazana a anthu okondwa atafola pamene nyenyezi zina zikhoza kusakanikirana mu unyinji wosanganikirana. Onani nyali zowala za neon, malo owonera makanema akulu okhala ndi mayina ngati "Capitol" kapena "Royal."

Tangoganizirani zamkati: Makina a popcorn akutuluka maso kuseri kwa kauntala atazunguliridwa ndi anthu osangalala, mwamuna kapena mkazi wovala bwino pakhomo akulandira kuvomereza anthu akamalowa m'bwalo la zisudzo. Tangoganizani khamu la anthu likuphimba zenera lagalasi mozungulira malo opangira matikiti, pomwe wogwira ntchito akumwetulira amadutsa malo olowera pakati pa bowo la galasi kupita kwa anthu ofunitsitsa omwe amakankhira ndalama zawo pansi pa galasilo.

Pambuyo pa ovomerezeka-munthu pakhomo, omvera amasonkhana mozungulira mozungulira chipindacho, akunong'onezana mwachisangalalo atakhala pamipando yofiira, akuchotsa malaya ndi zipewa. Aliyense amadzuka mwaulemu pamene wina akuyenera kufika pampando wake pakati pa mzere, ndipo phokoso lomveka la bwalo la zisudzo limamangidwa pamene magetsi akuda, omvera akudziletsa okha pamaso pa filimuyo, yomwe ili ndi malingaliro awo kumbuyo kwawo, mnyamata kapena mtsikana. amalowetsa filimu yolemera kwambiri pa projekiti ndikuyamba masewero.

Ndizomwe zimayendera makanema, sichoncho? Kodi sichochitika chomwe tonse takhala nacho paziwonetsero zaposachedwa? Osati ndendende.

Monga momwe mafilimu asinthira, momwemonso zochitika zopita ku mafilimu zasintha. Malo owonetsera zisudzo sadzaza kwenikweni. Mizere yazakudya ndi yaifupi, chifukwa ndi ochepa omwe amafuna kuwirikiza kawiri mtengo waulendo wawo chifukwa cha thumba lalikulu la popcorn. Malo ena owonetsera masewera amakhala ndi omvera ambiri - Lachisanu, tsiku lotulutsa kanema lomwe limapezeka paliponse kunena kuti "mlungu wa ofesi ya bokosi," akhoza kudzaza - koma mausiku ambiri amakhalabe opanda mipando.

Pambuyo pa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu zotsatsa, zolengeza zantchito zaboma pakugwiritsa ntchito foni yam'manja, komanso kudzitamandira pazantchito zapaintaneti za malo ochitira masewera omwe mukupitako, kapena mawonekedwe omvera achipinda chomwe mulimo, zowonera zimayamba, filimuyo isanathe. imayamba mphindi makumi awiri pambuyo pa nthawi yotsatsa.

Ndime zonse zam'mbuyomu zikadakhala zotsatsa za mbali ziwiri zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira pomwe malo owonetsera makanema akucheperachepera ndikutha: magulu ovomereza-kanema ndi magulu odana ndi kanema. Kaya aliyense wa iwo ali ndi chilichonse choyenera nthawi zambiri zimatengera bwalo lamasewera lomwelo komanso momwe zinthu zilili, koma tiyeni tiyesetse kuyang'ana bwino nkhaniyi ndikuwona momwe zinthu ziliri, posatengera kulondola kwa malingaliro otere.

Kodi mauthenga amenewa akufanana chiyani pa nkhani ya kanema, ndipo pali kusiyana kotani pakati pawo? Muzonse ziwiri, mumapezeka ku cinema, nthawi zina ndi thumba la popcorn ndi chakumwa cha shuga cha monolithic, kuwonera kanema pakati pa anthu ena. Nthawi zina mumaseka, nthawi zina mukulira, nthawi zina mumakhala nthawi yonseyi ndipo nthawi zina mumachoka msanga. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti, nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe a kanema ndi omwe amasintha mawonekedwe a kanema: bwalo lamasewera limakhala phokoso, magetsi amawala kwambiri, kumveka koyipa, chakudya sichikulawa bwino, kapena kanema ndi zinyalala.

Komabe ambiri okonda mafilimu mwina sangadandaule kuti magetsi amakhala owala kwambiri nthawi zonse kapena phokoso limakhala loipa nthawi zonse kapena mafilimu omwe amawawona nthawi zonse amakhala zinyalala. Akhoza kudandaula ndi zinthu zothandiza, kukwera mtengo kwa tikiti, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni m'bwalo la zisudzo. Izi nthawi zambiri sizimangochitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa momwe malo owonera makanema amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe anthu amawonera makanema.

Zomwe zimasiyana zimakonda kukhala m'zithunzi: bwalo loyenera ndi lowala komanso lachikondwerero. Umakhala wodzaza ndi chisangalalo ndi malingaliro, umakhala ndi chisangalalo. Zinthu zina za mphuno kwa nthawi yoyamba zimachitika mu zovala ndi zinthu zokongoletsera za zisudzo: antchito ovala bwino ndi mipando yofiira, makamaka. M'malo owonetsera masiku ano, chithunzi cha chikwama chachikulu cha popcorn pamtengo wofanana ndi tikiti yolowera wamba - chomwe chimawononga madola atatu owonjezera pa 3D ndi madola anayi owonjezera kuti asankhe mpando - ndi chokhumudwitsa poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka koyenera. matumba a popcorn omvera omwe ali mgulu labwino la nostalgic theatre amanyamula. Malonda ambiri amasiyanso chidwi ndi omvera, ena a iwo osangalatsa koma ena amatopetsa.

Izi zimanditsogolera kuti ndifufuze zomwe zasintha kwenikweni m'bwalo la zisudzo ndipo mwina ndikubaya kuphompho kuti ndidziwe chomwe chikupha malo owonetsera kanema. Ndikayang'ana zaka 20 kapena kuposerapo zapitazi, ndiwona masinthidwe akupanga mafilimu, kusintha momwe anthu amawonera mafilimu, ndi kusintha kwa malo owonetsera. Zina mwa mfundozi ziphatikizapo ziwerengero, zambiri zomwe zidzachokera kumalo owonetsera mafilimu aku America. Ndichita zonse zomwe ndingathe kukana kungotchula mndandanda wa ziwerengero kuchokera kwa otsutsa omwe mafilimu ali "zabwino" kapena "zoipa," pamene filimu yodziwika bwino idzakhala yotchuka m'mabwalo a zisudzo, mafilimu ambiri osachita bwino akadali aakulu. kuwerengera ndi kuchuluka kwa omvera ngakhale kuti sachita bwino pamaso pa otsutsa - pomwe mafilimu a "niche" kapena "zachipembedzo" omwe amatchuka ndi otsutsa sangasangalalenso kwambiri ndi omvera. M'malo mwake, ndiyesera kutenga zomwe Roger Ebert adanena za chifukwa chake ndalama zamakanema zikutsika, ndikutsitsimutsanso nkhaniyi ndi zidziwitso zaposachedwa komanso malingaliro abwino ngati malingaliro a Ebert ali ndi tanthauzo.

Kusintha kwa Cinema

Timayamba kufufuza kwathu kuyang'ana mafilimu okha. Kodi nchiyani chapangitsa kuti omvera apite ku kanema wocheperako mkati mwamafilimu okha? Ebert amatchula zamasewera akuluakulu a bokosi: chaka chopanda chimodzi chitha kuwoneka chocheperako kuposa chaka chokhala ndi zotsatsa zotsatsa, za bajeti yayikulu. Kuchokera pazachuma, ngati tiyang'ana ndalama za chaka chilichonse, titha kusankha zaka zomwe zidakhala ndi mafilimu opambana kwambiri: 1998 (Titanic) kapena 2009 (Avatar ndi Zosinthira: Kubwezera zomwe zidagwera) ndi zitsanzo zabwino za chodabwitsa ichi poyerekeza ndi zaka zomwe zidawatsogolera ndikuwatsatira.

Chifukwa chake, titha kuganiza kuti filimu yomwe ili ndi chipwirikiti yozungulira ndiyomwe ingathe kupezerapo mabizinesi apamwamba kwambiri pachaka kuposa zaka zomwe sizikuyenda bwino muofesi (kutengera kukwera kwa mitengo). Zosintha za The Numbers, 1998 ndi chaka chomwe chikuchita bwino kwambiri pakati pa 1995 ndi 2013). Makanema ena omwe anali ndi zomveka zambiri kuzungulira kutulutsidwa kwawo akuphatikizapo oyamba a Star Wars prequels Phantom Menace, yomwe idayamba mu 1999 (ikupangabe $75,000,000 kuchepera Titanic, kusintha kwa inflation) ndi zatsopano Obwezera filimu yomwe inachitika m'mabwalo owonetsera mu 2012 (kuphwanya zolemba zonse zam'mbuyo, koma pamene kusintha kwa inflation sikunapitirire mu 1998).

Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti Ebert anali wolondola poganiza kuti zaka zambiri zokhala ndi kanema wamkulu wa blockbuster mwachilengedwe zitha kuchititsa kuti anthu ambiri aziwonera makanemawo. Kutsatsa komwe kumazungulira mafilimu otere mwachibadwa kumalimbikitsa anthu ambiri kupita ku kanema, ndipo tikhoza kuona kuti mafilimu ambiri oterewa amatsogoleredwa ndi otsogolera apamwamba (James Cameron, George Lucas, kapena Michael Bay) kapena alipo ngati mbali zofunika kwambiri za mndandanda (Harry Potter, Transformers, Nkhani Yoseweretsa, aliyense wa Usadabwe mafilimu).

Tikayang'ana zomwe zikuchitika mumitundu yamakanema ndi "mitundu yazopanga" monga momwe The Numbers amazitchulira, titha kuwona kuti nthabwala ndizokwera kwambiri (chochititsa chidwi, chifukwa palibe filimu yomwe yatchulidwa pano yomwe imatchedwa nthabwala, kupatulapo. Story Toy Toy) ngakhale kuti masewerowa ali ndi theka la sewero, omwe ndi achitatu okha, kuposa mtundu wa "ulendo" wopindulitsa kwambiri, womwe uli ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwamtundu uliwonse. Poganizira kuti, potengera kuchuluka kwa ndalama, mitundu yopindulitsa kwambiri yamakanema ndi 'Super Hero,' 'Kids Fiction' ndi 'Science Fiction,' motsatana, izi zikuwonetsa mawonekedwe. Makanema atsopano ochita bwino omwe amakopa anthu ambiri amakonda kukopa ana ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidwi chambiri koma "mawu owoneka bwino" (mawu omwe sindimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito koma okwanira) kuposa makanema ena. Otsutsa atha kutchula zomwe zikukula izi - Ebert amatero m'nkhani yake akamanena za vuto lotopetsa la "phokoso la anyamata ndi atsikana" lomwe limayambitsa zisudzo za okonda mafilimu opitilira 30.

Mafilimu amene amachita bwino amakhala ndi makhalidwe enaake: angakhale “achipongwe,” “zenizeni,” “osangalatsa” ndi “okwezeka.” Epic cinema imagwira ntchito bwino ndikuwunikanso zoyambira zamphamvu zomwe zatchuka kwambiri kapena zolemba zachinyamata zomwe zikuwonekera pazithunzi (Harry Potter, Masewera a Njala, Madzulo). Ngakhale kuti ali ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi, mafilimuwa nthawi zambiri amayesa kukhala ozama kwambiri komanso omveka bwino m'mapangidwe awo kotero kuti owonerera asasiye kukayikira kwawo kwa nthawi yaitali pamene akuwonera filimuyo. Odziwika bwino ndi olakwika monga anthu ena onse, nthano za sayansi ndi zongopeka - kupatula "zongopeka zapamwamba" monga zolemba za Tolkien - kuchokera ku mafotokozedwe abodza asayansi omwe ali abwino mokwanira kuti amveke bwino kwa membala wamba wa omvera (Ndendera ya Pacific, watsopano Star ulendo mafilimu, Madzulo).

Zolemba zomwe zimavumbulutsa "chowonadi" cha dziko lapansi ndizodziwika bwino (zolemba za Michael Moore), limodzi ndi makanema muzochitika zenizeni kapena zamutu (The Hurt Locker, Argo). Izi ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yambiri yazinthu zamakono, ndipo motero si zachilendo m'mafilimu. Chidwi chowonjezereka cha mafilimu akunja pakati pa misika ya Chingerezi ndi chizindikiro cha kupambana kwa zikondwerero za mafilimu zapadziko lonse ndi kudalirana kwa mayiko pobweretsa mafilimu ochokera kumayiko akunja kupita kumadera a dziko lapansi kumene sakanatha kuzindikira zambiri. Mfundo yomalizayi idzawonekeranso pamene tikukambirana za momwe mafilimu owonetsera mpikisano akukulirakulira komanso momwe mpikisanowo wapezerapo mwayi pakukula kwa chidwi cha mafilimu akunja.

Kuyesera kufotokoza mfundoyi, ngakhale imodzi yomwe ilibe chiwerengero cha owonerera ambiri omwe samangotsatira zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse, titha kuona kuti mafilimu akusintha kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe anthu amakonda. wokonda kuwona makanema ankhanza, owona, zochita kapena sewero. Mafilimu owonetsera achinyamata amalandirabe chidwi kwambiri kuchokera kwa anthu achikulire, ndipo mndandanda wa mabuku ambiri a achinyamata amachotsedwa pawindo.

Poganizira kuti zokonda izi zimayimira m'badwo wachichepere, mwachibadwa kwa Ebert ndi ena kumverera kuti palibe chilimbikitso chochepa kuti apite kumalo owonetserako mafilimu: zokonda za Hollywood zasunthira kwa omvera achichepere. Ili ndi gawo lina lomwe likufotokoza kuchulukirachulukira kwa makanema akunja, kupezeka mosavuta chifukwa cha intaneti komanso msika wapadziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa izi zimakonda kuphimba mitundu ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zomwe zitha kukopa anthu okalamba. Pamapeto pake, kupita ku filimu kumapitirizabe kukhala nkhani ya kukoma: ngati zokonda za omvera sizikugwirizana ndi zochitika za cinema, iwo sangakhutire.

Chifukwa chake, omvera omwe sakuyang'ana zenizeni zenizeni kapena zopeka za sayansi, zomwe zambiri zimatengera kukongola ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, angavutike kuwona zomwe akufuna m'mabwalo owonetsera.

Kusintha kwa Kuwonera Mafilimu

Monga tanena kale, mafilimu akuluakulu m'makanema amatsata njira zina. Komabe, malo owonetsera mafilimu salinso malo okhawo omwe tingapeze mafilimu abwino. Nkhani yaposachedwapa ya Globe and Mail yolembedwa ndi Geoff Pevere inanena kuti wailesi yakanema ndiyo “njira yatsopano imene anthu amene akufunafuna kuonera zinthu mwanzeru.” Iye akufanana ndi mmene Ebert amamvera pamene ananena za kusoweka kwa “seŵero lapakati,” ponena kuti chosankha cha wowonerera filimu masiku ano “ndicho mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa nyumba ya zojambulajambula (zomwe ambiri a ife mwinamwake timawonera kunyumba pa TV. Komabe) kapena filimu ina yomwe dziko lapansi latsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa mpaka wina wovala zothina awulukira mu 3-D frame kuti asunge."

Ndemanga izi zingasonyeze chikhumbo chokulirakulira pakati pa anthu apakati, omwe Pevere akulozera nkhani yake, kuti mafilimu salinso "zanzeru zosokoneza."

Chifukwa cha kusintha ndi zochitika zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, zikuwonekeratu kuti owona omwe alibe chidwi ndi zomwe zikukula zamakanema adzayang'ana kwinakwake kuti asokonezeke, ndipo ndi kuchuluka kwa njira zina zomwe zilipo, sizodabwitsa. Ngakhale m'masiku ovuta kwambiri akale, filimuyo inali njira yokhayo yowonera mafilimu - ma TV oyambirira akukhala ochepa kwambiri pazinthu zakuthupi - tsopano omvera amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mautumiki osiyanasiyana omwe akufuna kuti awone mafilimu popanda kutuluka ndi kutuluka. gulani DVD kapena ngakhale kuyendetsa ku malo ogulitsira mavidiyo, ambiri omwe atsekedwa tsopano (Blockbuster kukhala chitsanzo chotchulidwa kawirikawiri).

Othandizira ma chingwe monga Rogers, Bell, Cogeco ndi ena ambiri omwe amapereka zingwe amaperekanso ntchito zamakanema ndi ma TV zomwe zimafunidwa, pomwe AppleTV ndi Netflix zimapatsa owonera makanema ndi makanema apa TV osiyanasiyana (ngakhale zaposachedwa kwambiri ku Canada kuposa ku US. ). Ngakhale Makanema a YouTube amapereka makanema angapo, kwaulere kapena kulipira.

Ngakhale osalipira ntchito yotere, yokhala ndi makompyuta ndi intaneti, ndizosavuta komanso zosavuta kuti munthu apeze makanema pa intaneti, kudzera m'mitsinje kapena mawebusayiti aulere, ndikuwonera makanema kwaulere. Ngakhale maboma ndi mabungwe ayesa kutseka masamba oterowo, mawebusayiti oterowo amakhala olimba kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri ma proxies amapangidwa kuti asungitse masambawo.

Komabe ngakhale zosinthazi zitha kupatsa ma cinephile ndi "kusokoneza mwanzeru" komwe akufuna, ndichizindikiro choyipa kumakanema. Kuwonjezeka kwa chidwi ndi mafilimu akunja, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, komanso kutchulidwa ndi Ebert ponena za kuchuluka kwa mafilimu otchuka akunja pa Netflix, omwe sapezeka mosavuta m'malo owonetsera mafilimu akuluakulu, kumatanthauzanso kuti okonda mafilimu adzayang'ana njira zina. kupeza mafilimu atsopano osangalatsa. Monga momwe Ebert akuchenjezera, “mabwalo amasewera amatsogola kwambiri moti amasunga omvera awo, amawonetsa mitu yosiyanasiyana komanso amagogomezera mbali zomwe zimawonjezera phindu. Ena onse adzafunika kusintha kuti apulumuke.

Zosintha pa Cinema

Bwalo la zisudzo lokha lasinthanso: matekinoloje atsopano ngati 3D ndiofala kwambiri komanso kapangidwe ka zisudzo. Ku Toronto, Cineplex, kampani yaikulu kwambiri ya cinema ku Canada, ili ndi bungwe lofanana la zisudzo: mitengo yomweyo, machitidwe omwewo, chakudya chomwecho. Kwa ena okonda mafilimu, zosankhazo ndizosowa. Mitengo yamatikiti imakwera pafupi ndi $20 ya 3D kapena AVX (yokhala ndi malo okhala ndi miyendo yambiri komanso makina amawu odzitamandira), ndipo mtengo wa "popcorn & 2 drinks combo" kwa anthu awiri ukhoza kulipira munthu wachitatu kuti abwere kanema. Owonera ena amawona kuti 2D ndi yosasangalatsa kapena yokwiyitsa - ine ndekha ndakhala ndi zokumana nazo zokhumudwitsa ndikuyika magalasi owonjezera pa ine ndekha, ndikupeza kuti mutu wanga uyenera kukhala wolunjika komanso wowongoka kuti chithunzi chisasokoneze magalasi.

Komabe, 3D idakali yotchuka m'malo owonetsera komanso ndi mitundu yayikulu yamakanema omwe amagwiritsa ntchito 3D kumlingo wina; zikuwoneka ngati malo owonetserako zisudzo apitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo pakati pa njira zatsopano zowongolera makanema ndi makanema pamakanema, kapena kukhala ndi zowonera zazikulu kapena mipando.

Kaŵirikaŵiri, masinthidwe ameneŵa akuwoneka kuti akusonyeza chikhumbo cholimbikitsa anthu kubwera kudzasangalala ndi akanemawo mwa kutengera mawu akuti “pitani aakulu kapena bwererani kwanu,” okhala ndi mbali zazikulu, masikirini aakulu ndi olankhula ochuluka. Mapulani ngati Khadi la Cineplex la SCENE limapereka matikiti amakanema aulere akapeza mfundo zokwanira, kulola oyenda pamakanema omwe amawononga ndalama kumalo ochitira zisudzo kuti asungire tikiti yaulere pambuyo pa makanema 10 kapena kupitilira apo - ngakhale mgwirizano ndi Scotiabank zikutanthauza kuti eni makadi a Scotiabank atha kupeza matikiti aulere. kuwononga ndalama ndi makhadi awo. Dongosolo ngati limeneli limalimbikitsa anthu kuti azidzayendera kwambiri chifukwa nthawi ina filimuyo idzakhala yaulere.

Koma, popeza Cineplex yagula mpikisano wawo wonse pazaka zingapo zapitazi (panthawi yomweyo pomwe zambiri mwazosinthazi zayamba kugwira ntchito), zikuwoneka ngati malo owonetsera makanema ambiri akusokonekera. Ngakhale mapu sakumveketsa bwino momwe deta yake imawerengedwera, Cinema Treasures imapereka chiwongolero chodetsa nkhawa cha malo owonetsera otsekedwa poyerekeza ndi otsegulidwa ku Canada. Mwachiwonekere, zisudzo zambiri zidatsekedwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, monga momwe mayina ena osadziwika angasonyezere, komabe pali malo ambiri owonetserako masewera omwe atsekedwa m'zaka zaposachedwa - omwe ali pafupi ndi ine akuphatikizapo zisudzo zambiri za AMC zomwe zidayima m'mphepete mwa Toronto. m'malo ochepa osankhidwa akutawuni. Maholo ambiri otsekedwa anali a makampani ang'onoang'ono kapena anali odziimira okha.

Iwo omwe sanathe kusinthira ku kanema wa digito, monga Indiewire adanena chaka chatha, adasowanso mwachangu m'misewu. Nthawi itiuza ngati zisudzo zipitilirabe kutha kapena manambala akhalabe okhazikika kwakanthawi, koma zonena za Ebert zikuwoneka kuti zikugwirabe ntchito patatha zaka ziwiri.