Batir EV masu arha don yin motocin lantarki mai arha fiye da motocin gas

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• Sunan marubuci

  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Janairu 14, 2022

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Faɗuwar farashin batura, musamman waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin motocin lantarki (EVs), yana sake fasalin masana'antar kera motoci ta hanyar sanya EVs mafi arha fiye da masu amfani da iskar gas na gargajiya. Wannan yanayin, wanda ya ga farashin batir ya ragu da kashi 88 cikin XNUMX a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, ba wai yana hanzarta ɗaukar EVs ba ne har ma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙauracewa duniya daga albarkatun mai. Koyaya, wannan sauyin kuma yana kawo ƙalubale, kamar yuwuwar ƙarancin albarkatu saboda ƙarin buƙatun kayan batir, buƙatun haɓakawa zuwa grid ɗin wutar lantarki da ake da su, da kuma tasirin muhalli na zubar da baturi da sake amfani da su.

Yanayin baturi EV

Farashin batura, musamman waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin EVs, yana raguwa akan ƙimar da ta zarce hasashen da ya gabata. Yayin da farashin samar da batura ya faɗi, gabaɗayan kuɗin da ake kashewa na kera EVs shima yana raguwa, yana mai da su araha fiye da takwarorinsu na injunan ƙonewa na ciki (ICE). Idan wannan yanayin ya ci gaba, za mu iya shaida haɓakar tallace-tallace na EV a tsakiyar 2020s. Yana da kyau a lura cewa farashin batir ya riga ya ga raguwar kashi 88 cikin ɗari a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, kuma ana hasashen cewa EVs ya zama mafi tsada fiye da motocin gas a farkon 2022.

A cikin 2020, matsakaicin farashin fakitin baturin lithium-ion, tushen wutar lantarki na farko na EVs, ya faɗi zuwa dala $137 a kowace kilowatt-hour (kWh). Wannan yana wakiltar raguwar kashi 13 cikin 2019 daga shekarar 88, bayan daidaita farashin farashi. Farashin fakitin baturi ya ragu da kashi 2010 cikin XNUMX tun daga shekarar XNUMX, wanda hakan ya sa fasahar ta kara samun sauki da araha.

Samar da araha da kuma samun manyan batura na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sauyin duniya daga burbushin mai. Batirin lithium-ion, musamman, sune muhimmin sashi na wannan canji. Ba wai kawai suna ƙarfafa EVs ba, har ma suna yin aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin makamashi mai sabuntawa. Za su iya adana makamashin da injinan iska da na'urorin hasken rana ke samarwa, wanda ke da mahimmanci don rage tsaikon yanayin waɗannan hanyoyin makamashin da ake sabunta su. 

Tasiri mai rudani

Har zuwa kwanan nan, batura sun yi tsada sosai don ƙirƙira don EVs don yin ma'anar kuɗi ba tare da umarni da tallafi ba. Tare da farashin fakitin baturi da aka kiyasta zai faɗi ƙasa da dala $100 a kowace kWh nan da 2024, zai sa motocin lantarki na batir (BEVs) su yi gogayya da motocin ICE na al'ada, marasa tallafi. Tunda EVs suna da arha don caji kuma suna iya buƙatar ƙarancin kulawa fiye da abubuwan hawa na yau da kullun, za su zama zaɓi mai ban sha'awa ga masu amfani a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa.

Motocin lantarki sun riga sun zarce motocin mai ta hanyoyi da yawa: Suna da ƙananan farashin kulawa, saurin hanzari, babu hayaƙin wutsiya, da ƙarancin farashin mai a kowane mil. Wani yanayin da zai iya ƙara zama mai mahimmanci a cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa shine haɗa ƙwayoyin baturi kai tsaye cikin motoci. Farashin sel marasa tushe yana da kusan kashi 30 cikin XNUMX ƙasa da farashin fakitin sel iri ɗaya a ciki.

Ana iya ganin mafi ƙarancin farashin masana'antu a China, wanda ke da alhakin kashi uku cikin huɗu na ƙarfin kera batir a duniya a cikin 2020. A karon farko, wasu kamfanonin China sun ba da rahoton farashin fakitin batir ƙasa da dala $100 a kowace kWh. Mafi ƙasƙanci mafi ƙasƙanci shine na manyan fakitin baturi da ake amfani da su a cikin motocin bas ɗin lantarki na China da manyan motocin kasuwanci. Matsakaicin farashin batura a cikin waɗannan motocin Sinawa ya kai dalar Amurka $105 a kowace kWh, idan aka kwatanta da dala $329 na motocin bas masu amfani da wutar lantarki da motocin kasuwanci a sauran duniya.

Abubuwan da batir EV masu rahusa 

Faɗin tasirin batir EV mai rahusa na iya haɗawa da:

• Madaidaicin madaidaicin tsarin ma'ajiyar manufa da aka gina don auna ƙarfin hasken rana. 
• Aikace-aikacen ajiyar makamashi na tsaye; misali, don adana makamashi don mai samar da wutar lantarki.
• Babban ƙwaƙƙwaran EVs wanda ke haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin hayaki mai gurbata yanayi da kuma ba da gudummawa ga ƙoƙarin duniya don yaƙar sauyin yanayi.
• Haɓaka hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa yayin da buƙatar tsaftataccen wutar lantarki don kunna waɗannan motocin yana ƙaruwa.
• Sabbin ayyuka a masana'antar baturi da haɓaka kayan aikin caji.
• Rage yawan amfani da mai yana rage tashe-tashen hankula na geopolitical da rikice-rikicen da ke da alaƙa da yankuna masu arzikin mai.
• Matsin lamba kan samar da lithium, cobalt, da sauran ma'adanai da ake amfani da su wajen samar da baturi wanda ke haifar da yuwuwar karancin albarkatu da sabbin al'amurran siyasa.
• Matsakaicin grid ɗin wutar lantarki da ake da su na buƙatar haɓakawa da faɗaɗa kayan aikin makamashi.
• Zubar da sake yin amfani da batir EV da aka yi amfani da su yana haifar da ƙalubalen muhalli, suna buƙatar ingantattun dabarun sarrafa sharar gida da ƙa'idodi don tabbatar da ayyuka masu aminci da dorewa.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Wadanne zaɓuɓɓukan sake yin amfani da su akwai don batir ɗin mota masu lantarki lokacin da suka kai ƙarshen rayuwarsu?
• Wane nau'in batura ne zai yi iko a gaba? Me kuke tunani shine mafi kyawun madadin lithium?