Mafuta opangidwa ndi ammonia akhazikitsidwa kuti asinthe mphamvu zobiriwira

Funsani abale a Wright kapena Xerox, ndipo angakuuzeni zomwezo: Dziko lachidziwitso siloyenera. A Wrights, pambuyo pake, adawulutsa ndege yawo yoyamba mu 1903, komabe lusoli silinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri mpaka zaka khumi pambuyo pake. Chester Carlson, mwamuna amene anasintha ntchito ya ofesi yokhota mapensulo, anali ndi luso lojambula zithunzi mu 1939; Zaka makumi awiri kenako, Xerox adakhala wotchuka. Ndipo mfundo yofananayo imagwiranso ntchito pamafuta obiriwira—omwe amagwiritsira ntchito mafuta obiriwira tsopano alipo. Zabwino, nazonso. Komabe ngakhale pakufunika mphamvu zokhazikika, palibe yankho lomveka bwino lomwe latuluka.

Lowani Roger Gordon, woyambitsa Ontario pogwiritsa ntchito makampani opanga mankhwala. Ali ndi Green NH3, kampani yomwe yawononga nthawi, ndalama, ndi thukuta labwino la ole mumakina omwe amapanga mafuta otsika mtengo, oyera, komanso ongowonjezeranso: Yankho, akuti, lili mu NH3. Kapena kwa chemistry-challenge, ammonia.

Koma sikuti ndi ammonia wamba, omwe nthawi zambiri amachokera ku malasha kapena zinyalala za nyama. Amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi madzi okha. Ayi, ili si bodza.

“Tili ndi ukadaulo womwe umagwira ntchito. Sichifupikitsa pa chilichonse, "akutero Gordon. “Ndi makina aakulu ngati firiji, ndipo amalumikizana ndi thanki yosungiramo zinthu. Simuyenera kuyilimbitsa ndi mphamvu ya gridi yokhazikika, nanunso. Ngati muli opareshoni yayikulu mokwanira, ngati kampani yamalori, mutha kukhala ndi makina anu apamphepo ndipo mutha kusandutsa magetsi kukhala NH3.

“Galimoto yaikulu kapena ndege siziyenda pa batire,” iye akuwonjezera motero, akumavomereza kupereŵera kwa magalimoto amagetsi. "Koma amatha kuthamanga ndi ammonia. NH3 ndi yamphamvu kwambiri. "

Green NH3: Kuyambitsa njira ina yamagetsi yamawa lero

Koma si mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa gwero. Ndi gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu kuposa petulo nyengo. Mosiyana ndi mchenga wamafuta, womwe njira yake yochotsa ndi yakuda komanso yokwera mtengo, NH3 imatha kubwerezedwanso ndikusiya zero mpweya. Mosiyana ndi mafuta a petulo—ndipo sitifunikira kukumbutsa oyendetsa galimoto za mtengo wa gasi—ndiwotsika mtengo modabwitsa, pa 50 senti pa lita. (Pakali pano, Peak Oil, pamene kuchuluka kwa mafuta a petroleum kumachitika, akuyembekezeredwa padziko lonse m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.)

Ndipo ndi tsoka la kuphulika kwa Lac Mégnatic akadali atsopano, ndi bwino kuwonjezera kuti NH3 imakhalanso yotetezeka kwambiri: Gordon's NH3 imapangidwa kumene imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutanthauza kuti palibe mayendedwe okhudzidwa, ndipo siwowonongeka ngati hydrogen, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa mafuta obiriwira. zamtsogolo. Ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wokhala ndi—ndipo sitikukonza—zotsatira zosintha masewero. Makamaka, akuwonjezera Gordon, m'gawo lazamayendedwe ndi bizinesi yaulimi, omwe onse ndi mbiri yakale yowotcha gasi, kapena madera akutali ngati kumpoto omwe amalipira mpaka $ 5 lita.

"Pali kusinthasintha kwakukulu ngati kusintha kwanyengo kukuchitika, koma zoona zake, ngati anthu angagwiritse ntchito mtengo womwewo wa chinthu chomwe chili chabwino kwa chilengedwe, akanatero," akutero. "Koma ndimatsutsana ndi anthu ambiri omwe amatsutsa payipi ya Keystone, chifukwa sakupereka njira zina. Zomwe anthu ayenera kuganizira ndikupita patsogolo ndi matekinoloje omwe sali mafuta mchenga. M'malo monena kuti mchenga wa phula ndi mapaipi ndi oipa, tiyenera kunena kuti, 'Nayi njira ina yogwirira ntchito.'

Kwa iye, komabe, Gordon sakufewetsa mkangano wamagetsi: Amamvetsetsa kuti mafuta akulu ali ndi mphamvu. Amamvetsetsa kuti mafuta a petroleum akadali paliponse. Ndipo akumvetsetsa kuti, pakali pano, boma la Canada limakonda kumvera chisoni makampani amafuta pazifukwa zomwe ambiri amaziwona ngati zodziwikiratu pambuyo pofufuza pang'ono pa mtsogoleriyo.

Koma Gordon samalankhula motalika za zoyipazo. Amayang'ana kwambiri zabwino zaukadaulo: Adapanga makina ake opangira NH3, ndipo ukadaulo wakhala ukugwira ntchito kuyambira 2009. Amayendetsa ndege, masitima apamtunda, ndi magalimoto okhala ndi NH3, ndikuyerekeza kuti kubweza magalimoto kumawononga pakati pa $ 1,000- $ 1,500.

Ndipo adakhala ndi anthu ochokera kudera lonselo - oyenda kuchokera ku Alberta - akukwera pa kapinga, kumupempha kuti agawane zaukadaulo wake. (Zindikirani: Chonde musayese izi. Magalimoto a NH3 amafunikira malo awoawo odzaza madzi.)

Funso loyaka moto limakhalabe, ndiye: Ngati dongosolo la Gordon's NH3 likugwira ntchito bwino, bwanji, monga ndege ya Wrights kapena teknoloji yojambula zithunzi ya Xerox, siinatengedwe?

"Pakadali pano, ndikadaganiza kuti kampani ina yayikulu ikadandiyandikira ndikundiuza kuti, 'Ndiwe mwini wa patent, ndipo tipereka ndalama izi. Tawononga ndalama zothandizira mabatire, biodiesel ndi ethanol. Tafanizira malonda athu ndi [matekinoloje amenewo] ndipo mawu apakatikati ndikuti sizikhala zotsika mtengo kapena sizigwira ntchito ndipo NH3 imagwiranso ntchito.

"Koma aliyense akuwopa kutsutsana ndi tirigu, motsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitika tsopano."

Kodi akutanthauza chiyani? Makampani amafuta pakali pano ali ndi msika wamagetsi, ndipo, popanda kumveka ngati akudandaula kwambiri, akufuna kuti izi zizikhala choncho. (Si zabodza: ​​Mu 2012, makampani amafuta ndi gasi adawononga ndalama zoposa $140 miliyoni pa olimbikitsa anthu ku Washington okha.) Ndiye, zomwe ukadaulo wa Gordon umafunikira, ndi ndalama: Amafunikira boma kapena mabungwe akuluakulu kuti apereke ndalama zofunika yambani kupanga, ndikugwiritsa ntchito, makina ambiri a Green NH3.

Maloto amenewo, nawonso, si nthano zongopeka: Stephane Dion, yemwe anali mtsogoleri wa chipani cha federal Liberal, adayamika kuthekera kwa NH3. Wolemba wotchuka Margaret Atwood nayenso. Mayunivesite ambiri, kuyambira ku Yunivesite ya Michigan mpaka ku Yunivesite ya New Brunswick, adayesa luso lake. Ndipo Copenhagen, yemwe adalumbira kuti sadzalowerera ndale pofika 2025, wawonetsa chidwi kwambiri ku Green NH3.

Pali anthu ogwirizana m'boma ndi amalonda akuluakulu omwe amadziwa za Green NH3 ndipo mwadala sanachitepo kanthu kuti apite patsogolo ndikuthandizira dziko lapansi chifukwa ndi Oil Luddite kapena ogwirizana ndipo akufuna kufinya senti iliyonse kuchokera kwa anthu omwe angathe.

Gordon anati: “Tiyima, boma ndi zanzeru zoyendetsera ndalama. “Ndipo anthu andiuza kuti, ‘musawononge ndalama zimene anthu ena, amene osunga ndalama, ayenera kuwonongera pa zipangizo zamakono.’” Timavomereza zimenezi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zamafuta opangidwa ndi ammonia, pitani kwa anthu GreenNH3.com.