Amsar placebo - hankali akan kwayoyin halitta, da hankali yana da mahimmanci

Shekaru da yawa, amsawar placebo duka a cikin magani da kuma a cikin binciken asibiti shine amsawar ilimin lissafi mai fa'ida ga jiyya ta asali. Kimiyya ta gane shi a matsayin kididdigar kididdigar da aka dangana ga wasu mutane masu karfi na psychosomatic, haɗin kai-jiki - amsawar da ta haifar da jin dadi ta hanyar ƙarfin imani da kyakkyawan tsarin tunani tare da tsammanin sakamako mai kyau. Ya kasance amsawar marasa lafiya ta asali a cikin karatun asibiti don yin fice. Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, ya zama sananne ga yin daidai da kwayoyi a gwajin asibiti na maganin damuwa.

Masanin placebo, Fabrizio Benedetii, a Jami'ar Turin, ya haɗa yawancin halayen ƙwayoyin halitta da ke da alhakin amsawar placebo. Ya fara ne da gano wani tsohon binciken da masana kimiyyar Amurka suka yi wanda ya nuna cewa maganin naloxone zai iya toshe ikon rage raɗaɗi na amsawar placebo. Kwakwalwa tana samar da opioids, masu kashe ciwo na halitta, da placebos suna haifar da waɗannan opioids iri ɗaya ban da masu watsawa kamar dopamine, suna taimakawa rage zafi da jin daɗin rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ya nuna cewa marasa lafiya na Alzheimer tare da rashin aiki na tunani wanda ba su iya tsara ra'ayoyi game da makomar gaba, watau, samar da kyakkyawar fata mai kyau, ba su iya samun wani taimako na jin zafi daga maganin placebo. Tushen neurophysiological don yawancin cututtuka na hankali, kamar tashin hankali na zamantakewa, ciwo mai tsanani, da damuwa ba a fahimta sosai ba, kuma waɗannan yanayi ɗaya ne waɗanda ke da amsoshi masu amfani ga jiyya na placebo. 

A watan da ya gabata, masu binciken kimiyyar neuroscience na asibiti a Jami'ar Arewa maso yamma sun buga wani sabon binciken da aka goyi bayan ƙira mai ƙarfi na gwaji da ƙididdiga waɗanda ke nuna cewa amsawar placebo na majiyyaci yana iya ƙididdigewa kuma ana iya yin la'akari da daidaiton 95% daidaitaccen martanin placebo na majiyyaci dangane da kwakwalwar mai haƙuri. haɗin aiki kafin fara binciken. Sun yi amfani da huta-jihar aikin aikin maganadisu maganadisu, rs-fMRI, musamman madaidaicin matakin jini-oxygen (BOLD) rs-fMRI. A cikin wannan nau'i na MRI, ra'ayin da aka yarda da shi cewa matakan oxygenation na jini a cikin kwakwalwa yana canzawa dangane da ayyukan jijiyoyi kuma ana ganin waɗannan canje-canje na rayuwa a cikin kwakwalwa ta amfani da BOLD fMRI. Masu binciken suna lissafta canjin aikin kwakwalwar majiyyaci zuwa girman hoto kuma daga ƙarshen hoto suna iya kwatantawa da samun haɗin aikin kwakwalwa, watau musayar bayanan kwakwalwa. 

Masu bincike na asibiti a Arewa maso yammacin, sun dubi aikin kwakwalwar da aka samu na fMRI na masu fama da osteoarthritis don mayar da martani ga placebo da maganin jin zafi duloxetine. A cikin binciken daya, masu binciken sun gudanar da gwajin makafi guda daya. Sun sami kusan rabin marasa lafiya sun amsa placebo kuma sauran rabin basu yi ba. Masu amsawar placebo sun nuna babban haɗin aikin kwakwalwa idan aka kwatanta da masu ba da amsa ga placebo a cikin yankin kwakwalwa da ake kira gyrus midfrontal na dama, r-MFG. 

A cikin binciken biyu, masu binciken sunyi amfani da ma'aunin haɗin gwiwar aikin kwakwalwa na r-MFG don tsinkayar marasa lafiya da zasu amsa ga placebo tare da 95% daidai. 

A cikin binciken ƙarshe na uku, sun kalli marasa lafiya waɗanda kawai suka amsa duloxetine kuma sun gano haɗin aikin fMRI da aka samu na wani yanki na kwakwalwa (madaidaicin parahippocampus gyrus, r-PHG) azaman tsinkayar amsawar analgesic ga duloxetine. Sakamakon ƙarshe ya kasance daidai da sanannen aikin likitanci na duloxetine a cikin kwakwalwa. 

A ƙarshe, sun ƙaddamar da binciken su na haɗin aikin r-PHG don tsinkayar amsawar duloxetine a cikin dukan rukunin marasa lafiya sannan kuma sun gyara don amsawar analgesic da aka annabta ga placebo. Sun gano cewa duloxetine duka sun haɓaka kuma sun rage amsawar placebo. Wannan yana haifar da sakamako na gefen da ba a taɓa gani ba na wani magani mai aiki yana rage martanin placebo. Hanyar wasa tsakanin r-PHG da r-MFG ya rage don tantancewa.