Lekunutu la baeloji: Ho sireletsa ho arolelana DNA

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• November 25, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Libanka le lifeme tsa tlhahlobo ea biotech li entse hore datha ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e fumanehe haholo. Lintlha tsa bioloji li sebelisoa ho sibolla liphekolo tsa mofetše, mafu a sa tloaelehang a lefutso, le mafu a mang a fapaneng. Leha ho le joalo, boinotši ba DNA bo ka 'na ba e-ba sehlabelo haholoanyane ka lebitso la lipatlisiso tsa saense.

Boemo ba lekunutu ba baeloji

Lekunutu la baeloji ke taba ea bohlokoa nakong ea lipatlisiso tse tsoetseng pele tsa lefutso le tlhahlobo e atileng ea DNA. Khopolo ena e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho sireletseng tlhahisoleseling ea batho ba fanang ka lisampole tsa DNA, e kenyeletsang taolo ea tumello ea bona mabapi le tšebeliso le polokelo ea lisampole tsena. Ka tšebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea datha ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho na le tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha ea melao e nchafalitsoeng ea lekunutu ho sireletsa litokelo tsa motho ka mong. Ho ikhetha ha tlhahisoleseding ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho hlahisa phephetso e kholo, kaha ka tlhaho e hokahane le boitsebiso ba motho 'me e ke ke ea aroloa ho khetholla likarolo, ho etsa hore ho hlakola boitsebiso e be mosebetsi o rarahaneng.

Naheng ea Amerika, melao e meng ea mmuso e sebetsana le ts'ebetso ea tlhaiso-leseling ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, empa ha ho le e 'ngoe e lokiselitsoeng ka ho hlaka ho fapana le boinotši ba baeloji. Mohlala, Molao oa Liphatlalatso tsa Liphatsa tsa lefutso (GINA), o thehiloeng ka 2008, o bua haholo ka khethollo e ipapisitseng le litaba tsa lefutso. E thibela khethollo ho inshorense ea bophelo bo botle le liqetong tsa mosebetsi empa ha e atolose tšireletso ea eona ho inshorense ea bophelo, bokooa kapa tlhokomelo ea nako e telele. 

Molao o mong oa bohlokoa ke oa Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), e ileng ea fetoloa ka 2013 ho kenyelletsa tlhahisoleseding ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tlas'a sehlopha sa eona sa Protected Health Information (PHI). Leha ho kenyelelitsoe sena, sebaka sa HIPAA se lekanyelitsoe ho bafani ba tlhokomelo ea mantlha ea bophelo bo botle, joalo ka lipetlele le litleliniki, 'me ha e fetele lits'ebeletso tsa tlhahlobo ea lefutso tsa inthaneteng joalo ka 23andMe. Lekhalo lena molaong le bontša hore basebelisi ba litšebeletso tse joalo ba kanna ba se be le boemo bo lekanang ba ts'ireletso ea lekunutu joalo ka bakuli ba maemong a bophelo a setso. 

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ka lebaka la mefokolo ena, linaha tse ling tsa US li entse melao e thata le e hlalositsoeng haholoanyane ea lekunutu. Mohlala, California e fetisitse Molao oa Lekunutu oa Boitsebiso ba Liphatsa tsa lefutso ka 2022, o thibelang lifeme tsa tlhahlobo ea lefutso ho bareki (D2C) joalo ka 23andMe le Ancestry. Molao o hloka tumello e hlakileng ea tšebeliso ea DNA lipatlisisong kapa litumellanong tsa mokha oa boraro.

Ho phaella moo, mekhoa ea bolotsana ea ho thetsa kapa ho tšosa batho hore ba fane ka tumello e thibetsoe. Bareki le bona ba ka kopa hore data ea bona e hlakoloe le lisampole life kapa life tse sentsoeng ka molao ona. Ho sa le joalo, Maryland le Montana li fetisitse melao ea leloko la forensic e hlokang hore liofisiri tsa molao li fumane lengolo la tumello ea ho batla pele li sheba datha ea DNA bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa botlokotsebe. 

Leha ho le joalo, ho ntse ho na le mathata a mang mabapi le ho sireletsa boinotši ba baeloji. Ho na le lipelaelo mabapi le boinotši ba bongaka. Mohlala, ha batho ba tlameha ho lumella phihlello ea lirekoto tsa bona tsa bophelo bo botle ho latela tumello e pharaletseng le hangata e sa hlokahaleng. Mehlala ke maemo ao motho a tlamehang ho saena tokomane ea tlhahisoleseling pele a khona ho etsa kopo ea melemo ea mmuso kapa ho fumana inshorense ea bophelo.

Tloaelo e 'ngoe moo boinotši ba baeloji bo fetohang sebaka se bohlooho ke tlhahlobo ea masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa. Melao ea naha e hloka hore masea ohle a sa tsoa tsoaloa a hlahlojoe bonyane mafu a 21 bakeng sa ho kenella kapele ho tsa bongaka. Litsebi tse ling li tšoenyehile ka hore taelo ena haufinyane e tla kenyelletsa maemo a sa bonahaleng ho fihlela motho e moholo kapa a se na kalafo e tsebahalang.

Litlamorao tsa lekunutu la baeloji

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa boinotši ba baeloji li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Mekhatlo ea lipatlisiso le lik'hamphani tsa biotech tse hlokang tumello e hlakileng ho tsoa ho bafani bakeng sa lipatlisiso tse thehiloeng ho DNA le ho bokella lintlha.
• Lihlopha tsa litokelo tsa botho tse batlang hore pokello ea DNA e tsamaisoang ke 'muso e be pepeneneng le e nang le boitšoaro.
• Linaha tsa bolaoli tse kang Russia le China li theha liphatsa tsa lefutso ho tsoa ho li-drive tsa tsona tse kholo tsa DNA ho tseba hantle hore na ke batho bafe ba loketseng litšebeletso tse itseng tsa sechaba, joalo ka sesole.
• Linaha tse ling tsa US li kenya ts'ebetsong melao ea lekunutu ea data ea lefutso; leha ho le joalo, kaha tsena ha lia tloaeleha, li ka ba le tsepamiso e fapaneng kapa maano a hananang.
• Mekhatlo ea ts'ebetsong ea molao phihlello ea datha tsa DNA e thibetsoe ho thibela sepolesa se fetelletseng kapa sepolesa se lebelletseng se qobellang khethollo hape.
• Theknoloji e ntseng e hlaha ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e khothalletsang mefuta e mecha ea khoebo ho inshorense le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, moo lik'hamphani li ka fanang ka merero ea motho ka mong ho latela liphatsa tsa lefutso.
• Lihlopha tsa babuelli ba bareki li eketsa khatello ea ho ngola le ho fana ka tumello ho lihlahisoa tse sebelisang data ea lefutso, e lebisang pepeneneng e kholo 'marakeng oa biotechnology.
• Mebuso lefatšeng ka bophara e nahanela melao ea boitšoaro le meralo ea taolo bakeng sa ho lebela liphatsa tsa lefutso ho thibela tšebeliso e mpe ea boitsebiso ba liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho sireletsa tokoloho ea motho ka mong.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Haeba u fane ka lisampole tsa DNA kapa u qetile tlhahlobo ea lefutso inthaneteng, melaoana ea lekunutu e ne e le efe?
• Ke joang hape mebuso e ka sireletsang boinotši ba baahi ka tlhaho?