Zombo zokhazikika: Njira yopita kumayiko ena opanda mpweya

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• March 24, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kudzipereka kwa International Maritime Organisation (IMO) pakuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wotenthetsera m'sitima pofika chaka cha 2050 ndikuwongolera bizinesiyo kukhala ndi tsogolo labwino. Kusintha kumeneku kumaphatikizapo kupanga zombo zokhazikika, kufufuza kwa mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu monga mphepo ndi dzuwa, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo ochepetsera mpweya woipa monga NOx ndi SOx. Zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za kusinthaku zikuphatikizapo kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka zombo, zomangamanga, kayendetsedwe ka malonda padziko lonse, mgwirizano wa ndale, ndi chidziwitso cha anthu.

Zosasunthika za zombo

Mu 2018, bungwe la United Nations (UN) IMO lidadzipereka kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa mpweya wochokera ku zombo ndi pafupifupi 50 peresenti pofika chaka cha 2050. Cholinga chachikulu cha IMO ndi kupanga ndi kusunga ndondomeko yoyendetsera dziko lonse lapansi. Kusuntha uku kungapangitse kuti olephera kukhazikika akumane ndi chindapusa chokulirapo, chiwongola dzanja chowonjezeka, komanso mwayi wocheperako wazandalama. Kapenanso, osunga zombo zokhazikika atha kupindula ndi njira zopezera ndalama zokhazikika.

Pakali pano, zombo zambiri zimayendetsedwa ndi mafuta opangidwa ndi zinthu zakale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya woipa utuluke. Paradigm yomwe ilipo tsopano ikuyenera kusintha pamene IMO yakhazikitsa Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse Woletsa Kuwonongeka kwa Zombo (MARPOL), msonkhano wofunikira woletsa kuipitsidwa kwa zombo pomanga zombo zokhazikika. MARPOL imakhudza kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya m'zombo, ndikulamula omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamakampani kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsuka kapena kusintha mafuta ogwirizana.

Kusintha kopita kumayendedwe okhazikika sikungofunikira kuwongolera komanso kuyankha kufunikira kwapadziko lonse lapansi kuchepetsa mpweya woipa. Pokhazikitsa malamulowa, IMO ikulimbikitsa makampani oyendetsa sitima kuti afufuze njira zina zopangira mphamvu ndi matekinoloje. Makampani omwe amazolowera kusinthaku atha kukhala ndi mwayi wabwino, pomwe omwe amalephera kutsatira izi amatha kukumana ndi zovuta. 

Zosokoneza

Makampani oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi padziko lonse lapansi, omwe ali ndi udindo woyendetsa malonda opitilira 80 peresenti ya malonda apadziko lonse lapansi, amathandizira 2 peresenti yokha ya mpweya woipa wapadziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, makampaniwa amatulutsa ma aerosols, nitrogen oxides (NOx) ndi sulfure oxides (SOx), mumlengalenga ndi zotengera zomwe zimatuluka m'nyanja, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya ndi kuvulala kwamadzi. Komanso, zombo zambiri zamalonda zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zolemera kwambiri m'malo mwa aluminiyamu yopepuka ndipo sizimavutitsa ndi njira zopulumutsira mphamvu, monga kubwezeretsa kutentha kwa zinyalala kapena zokutira zocheperako.

Zombo zokhazikika zimamangidwa ndi mphamvu zowonjezera monga mphepo, dzuwa, ndi mabatire. Ngakhale zombo zokhazikika sizingagwire ntchito mpaka 2030, mapangidwe ocheperako kwambiri atha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la International Transportation Forum (ITF) linanena kuti ngati matekinoloje omwe akudziwika kuti atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito agwiritsidwa ntchito, makampani oyendetsa zombo atha kufika pafupifupi 95 peresenti ya decarbonization pofika 2035.

European Union (EU) yakhala ikulimbikitsa kwanthawi yayitali kutumiza zombo zapadziko lonse lapansi zokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2013, EU idakhazikitsa lamulo la Ship Recycling Regulation pankhani yobwezeretsanso zombo zotetezeka komanso zomveka. Komanso, mu 2015, EU idavomereza Regulation (EU) 2015/757 pakuyang'anira, kupereka malipoti, ndi kutsimikizira (EU MRV) ya mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide kuchokera kumayendedwe apanyanja. 

Zotsatira za zombo zokhazikika

Zowonjezereka za zombo zokhazikika zingaphatikizepo:

• Kupanga mapangidwe atsopano pamakampani opanga zombo monga opanga amafunafuna njira zopangira zombo zokhazikika zokhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwamakampani ndi machitidwe.
• Kuchulukirachulukira kwa zoyendera zapanyanja zoyendera anthu onse komanso zotumiza zamalonda zikadzakwaniritsidwa m'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi, zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha kwamayendedwe ndi kukonza kwamatauni.
• Kupititsa patsogolo kukhwimitsa mpweya komanso kuipitsidwa kwa zombo zapanyanja pofika zaka za m'ma 2030 pomwe mafakitale osiyanasiyana amakakamiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa zombo zobiriwira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale bizinesi yoyendetsedwa bwino komanso yosamalira zachilengedwe.
• Kusintha kwazomwe zimafunikira pantchito yonyamula katundu kupita ku maudindo apadera muukadaulo wokhazikika ndi uinjiniya, zomwe zimabweretsa mwayi watsopano wantchito ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike pakubwezeretsanso antchito.
• Kutha kukwera kwamitengo yokhudzana ndi kutsata malamulo atsopano a chilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwamitengo yamitengo komanso zomwe zingakhudze kusintha kwamalonda padziko lonse lapansi.
• Kuwonekera kwa mgwirizano watsopano wa ndale ndi mikangano pa kutsatiridwa ndi kutsatiridwa kwa malamulo apanyanja apadziko lonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka dziko lonse ndi zokambirana.
• Kuyang'ana kwakukulu pamaphunziro ndi chidziwitso cha anthu okhudzana ndi njira zokhazikika zotumizira ngalawa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala odziwa zambiri komanso otanganidwa omwe angakhudze machitidwe a ogula ndi zisankho zamalamulo.
• Kuthekera kwa madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti akhale ndi mpweya wabwino komanso thanzi labwino chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya wa NOx ndi SOx.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti mtengo wopangira ndi kuyendetsa zombo zokhazikika udzakhala wocheperako kapena wokulirapo kuposa wa zombo wamba?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti ntchito yabwino ya zombo zokhazikika, pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi, idzakhala yocheperako kapena yapamwamba kuposa ya zombo wamba?