Likepe tsa moshoelella: Tsela ea ho tsamaisa thepa ea machaba ntle le tlhahiso

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• March 24, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Boitlamo ba Mokgatlo wa Matjhaba wa Mawatleng (IMO) ba ho fokotsa ho tshwaswa ha gase e bakang mocheso dikepeng ka 2050 bo lebisa indasteri ho isa bokamosong bo hlwekileng. Phetoho ena e kenyelletsa nts'etsopele ea likepe tse tšoarellang, ho hlahlojoa ha mehloli ea matla a tsosolositsoeng joalo ka moea le letsatsi, le ho kenya ts'ebetsong melaoana ea ho fokotsa mesi e kotsi e kang NOx le SOx. Litlamorao tsa nako e telele tsa liphetoho tsena li kenyelletsa liphetoho kahong ea likepe, meaho ea lipalangoang, maemo a khoebo lefatšeng ka bophara, lilekane tsa lipolotiki, le tlhokomeliso ea sechaba.

Boemo ba likepe bo tsitsitseng

Ka 2018, mokhatlo oa Machaba a Kopaneng (UN) IMO o ikemiselitse ho fokotsa ho tsoa ha khase e futhumatsang mocheso likepeng ka liphesente tse ka bang 50 ka 2050. Sepheo sa mantlha sa IMO ke ho ntshetsa pele le ho boloka moralo o pharaletseng oa taolo bakeng sa likepe tsa machaba. Ts'ebetso ena e ka 'na ea etsa hore ba sa sebetseng hantle ba kopane le likotlo tse boima, litefiso tse eketsehileng, le menyetla e fokolang ea lichelete. Ntle le moo, bo-ramatsete ba likepe tse tšoarellang ba ka rua molemo mererong e tsitsitseng ea lichelete.

Hona joale, likepe tse ngata li tsamaisoa ke libeso tse entsoeng ka mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale, e leng se fellang ka ho ntša likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše. Pono ea hajoale e ikemiselitse ho fetoha ha IMO e ntlafalitse Tumellano ea Machabeng ea Thibelo ea Tšilafalo ea Likepe (MARPOL), kopano ea bohlokoa ea ho thibela tšilafalo e tsoang likepeng ka ho aha likepe tse tšoarellang. MARPOL e akaretsa thibelo ea tšilafalo ea moea likepeng, e laela barupeluoa ba indasteri ho tsetela ho li-scrubbers kapa ho fetohela ho mafura a lumellanang.

Phetoho e lebisang ho likepe tse tšoarellang ha se tlhoko ea taolo feela empa ke karabelo tlhokong ea lefats'e ea ho fokotsa mesi e kotsi. Ka ho phethahatsa melaoana ena, IMO e khothaletsa indasteri ea likepe ho hlahloba mehloli e meng ea matla le theknoloji. Lik'hamphani tse ikamahanyang le liphetoho tsena li ka 'na tsa iphumana li le boemong bo botle, athe tse hlōlehang ho li latela li ka 'na tsa tobana le mathata. 

Tšusumetso e senyang

Indasteri ea machaba ea likepe, e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho tsamaisa karolo e fetang 80 lekholong ea khoebo ea lefatše, e kenya letsoho feela karolo ea 2 lekholong ea khase ea carbon dioxide lefatšeng ka bophara. Leha ho le joalo, indasteri e ntša li-aerosols, nitrogen oxides (NOx) le sulfur oxides (SOx), moeeng le likepe tse tsoang leoatleng, tse fellang ka tšilafalo ea moea le likotsi tsa leoatle. Ho feta moo, likepe tse ngata tsa barekisi li entsoe ka tšepe e boima ho e-na le aluminium e bobebe 'me ha li khathatsehe ka mehato ea ho boloka matla, e kang ho khutlisa mocheso oa litšila kapa ho roala ha sekepe se tlaase.

Likepe tse tšoarellang li hahiloe ka matla a ka nchafatsoang joalo ka moea, letsatsi le libeteri. Le ha likepe tse tšoarellang li kanna tsa se ke tsa sebetsa ka botlalo ho fihlela ka 2030, meralo e menyenyane ea likepe e ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura. Mohlala, Seboka sa Machaba sa Lipalangoang (ITF) se tlalehile hore haeba mahlale a morao-rao a tsebahalang a matla a tsosolositsoeng a ka sebelisoa, indasteri ea likepe e ka fihlela liperesente tse 95 tsa decarbonization ka 2035.

European Union (EU) esale e le 'muelli oa nako e telele bakeng sa likepe tsa machaba tse tsitsitseng. Mohlala, ka 2013, EU e ile ea theha Molao oa ho Recycling ka Sekepe mabapi le ts'ebetso ea likepe e bolokehileng le e utloahalang. Hape, ka 2015, EU e amohetse Regulation (EU) 2015/757 mabapi le ho beha leihlo, ho tlaleha, le ho netefatsa (EU MRV) ea likhase tsa carbon dioxide tse tsoang lipalangoang tsa leoatle. 

Liphello tsa likepe tse tsitsitseng

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa likepe tse tšoarellang li ka kenyelletsa:

• Nts'etsopele ea meralo e ncha indastering ea kaho ea likepe kaha baqapi ba batla ho lekola mekhoa ea ho aha likepe tse tšoarellang hantle, tse lebisang phetohong ea maemo le litloaelo tsa indasteri.
• Tšebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea lipalangoang tse thehiloeng leoatleng bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa sechaba le likepe tsa khoebo hang ha boemo ba eona ba khabone bo tlase bo fihletsoe lilemong tse mashome tse tlang, e leng se lebisang phetohong ea meralo ea lipalangoang le moralo oa litoropo.
• Ho feta ha maemo a thata a mesi le tšilafalo ea likepe tsa leoatle ka bo-2030 ha liindasteri tse fapaneng li hatella ho amoheloa ha likepe tse tala, e leng se lebisang indastering ea maoatle e laoloang haholoanyane le e ikarabellang tikolohong.
• Phetoho ea litlhoko tsa basebetsi ka har'a indasteri ea likepe ho isa mesebetsing e ikhethang ho thekenoloji e tsitsitseng le boenjineri, e lebisang menyetla e mecha ea mesebetsi le mathata a ka bang teng ho koetlisa basebetsi hape.
• Ho phahama ho ka bang teng ha litšenyehelo tse amanang le ho latela melao e mecha ea tikoloho, e lebisang liphetohong tsa maano a litheko le litlamorao tse ka bang teng khoebong ea lefats'e.
• Ho hlaha ha lilekane tse ncha tsa lipolotiki le likhohlano holim'a ts'ebetsong le ts'ebetsong ea melao ea machaba ea maoatle, e leng se lebisang ho liphetoho tse ka bang teng pusong ea lefats'e le lipuisano.
• Tsepamiso e kholo ho thuto le tlhokomeliso ea sechaba mabapi le mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea ho tsamaisa likepe, e lebisang ho baahi ba nang le tsebo le ba amehang ba ka susumetsang boitšoaro ba bareki le liqeto tsa maano.
• Monyetla oa hore sechaba se lebōpong la leoatle se fumane boleng bo ntlafetseng ba moea le melemo ea bophelo bo botle ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha mocheso oa NOx le SOx.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Na u nahana hore litšenyehelo tsa ho etsa le ho tsamaisa likepe tse tsitsitseng li tla ba tlase kapa li kholo ho feta tsa likepe tse tloaelehileng?
• Na u nahana hore katleho ea likepe tse tsitsitseng, mabapi le tšebeliso ea matla, e tla ba e fokolang kapa e phahameng ho feta ea likepe tse tloaelehileng?