Momwe kudya nyama yocheperako kungasinthire moyo wanu ndi dziko lapansi: chowonadi chodabwitsa chokhudza kupanga nyama padziko lapansi

Kodi cheeseburger yowutsa mudyo imamveka kuthirira pakamwa kwa inu? Ndiye pali mwayi waukulu kuti mumakwiyitsidwa kwambiri ndi okonda masamba omwe amakuwonani ngati 'chilombo chanyama', chodyera ana a nkhosa osalakwa mosasamala kwinaku akuwononga dziko lapansi.

Kudya zamasamba ndi veganism kunapeza chidwi pakati pa mbadwo watsopano wa anthu odziphunzira okha. Kuyenda kukadali wocheperako koma kupeza kutchuka, ndi 3% ya anthu aku US, ndi 10% ya azungu akutsatira zakudya zochokera ku zomera.

Ogula ndi opanga nyama aku Northern-America ndi ku Europe ndi okonda nyama, ndipo malonda a nyama amapanga gawo lofunika kwambiri pazachuma. Ku United States, kupanga nyama yofiira ndi nkhuku kunachuluka kwambiri Mapaundi 94.3 biliyoni mu 2015, ndi anthu ambiri aku America amadya mozungulira 200 mapaundi a nyama pachaka. Padziko lonse lapansi kugulitsa nyama iyi kumapangidwa mozungulira 1.4% ya GDP, zomwe zimapanga ndalama zokwana 1.3 biliyoni za anthu okhudzidwa.

Gulu lina lachijeremani lolemba mfundo za anthu linafalitsa bukuli Nyama Atlas, lomwe limagawa mayiko malinga ndi momwe amapangira nyama (onani chithunzi ichi). Iwo akufotokoza kuti alimi khumi akuluakulu a nyama omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri popanga nyama kudzera mu ulimi woweta kwambiri. ndi: Cargill (33 biliyoni pachaka), Tyson (33 biliyoni pachaka), Smithfield (13 biliyoni pachaka) ndi Hormel Foods (8 biliyoni pachaka). Pokhala ndi ndalama zambiri m'manja, malonda a nyama ndi maphwando awo ogwirizana amayendetsa msika ndikuyesa kusunga anthu pa nyama, pamene zotsatira zomwe zikubwera kwa nyama, thanzi la anthu ndi chilengedwe zimawoneka ngati zosadetsa nkhawa kwambiri.

M'nkhaniyi, tiwona momwe kupanga ndi kudya nyama kumakhudzira thanzi lathu komanso dziko lapansi. Ngati tipitirizabe kudya nyama monga mmene timachitira panopa, dziko lapansili silingathe kutiyendera. Yakwana nthawi yoti muyang'ane nyama!

Timadya kwambiri..

Zoona zake sizonama. Dziko la US ndi dziko lomwe anthu ambiri amadya nyama padziko lapansi (zofanana ndi za mkaka), ndipo amalipira ndalama zambiri za dokotala pa izi. Aliyense nzika yaku US amadya mozungulira mapaundi 200 wa nyama pa munthu pa chaka. Ndipo pamwamba pa izo, anthu aku US ali ndi kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri, shuga ndi khansa kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Umboni wochuluka wochokera kwa akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi (onani m'munsimu) umasonyeza kuti kudya nyama nthawi zonse, makamaka nyama yofiira yokonzedwa, kumayambitsa chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha kufa ndi matenda a mtima, sitiroko kapena matenda a mtima.

Timagwiritsa ntchito malo ochulukirapo poweta ziweto ...

Kuti apange chidutswa chimodzi cha ng'ombe, pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 25 a chakudya amafunikira, makamaka ngati tirigu kapena soya. Chakudyachi chiyenera kumera penapake: oposa 90 peresenti m'madera onse a nkhalango zamvula za Amazon zomwe zakonzedwa kuyambira zaka za m'ma 75 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziweto. Potero, imodzi mwa mbewu zazikulu zomwe zimabzalidwa m'nkhalango yamvula ndi soya yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa nyama. Sikuti nkhalango yamvula imangogwira ntchito yogulitsa nyama; Malinga ndi bungwe la United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), pafupifupi XNUMX peresenti ya madera onse aulimi, 30% ya padziko lonse lapansi yopanda madzi oundana, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira chakudya cha ziweto komanso ngati malo odyetserako ziweto.

M'tsogolomu, tidzafunika kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochulukirapo kuti tikwaniritse chikhumbo cha nyama padziko lapansi: FAO ikulosera kuti kudya nyama padziko lonse kudzakula ndi osachepera 40 peresenti poyerekeza ndi 2010. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha anthu ochokera m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kunja kwa North America ndi Ulaya, omwe adzayambe kudya nyama yambiri, chifukwa cha chuma chawo chatsopano. Kampani yofufuza za FarmEcon LLC imaneneratu, komabe, kuti ngakhale titagwiritsa ntchito malo onse olima padziko lapansi kudyetsa ziweto, kufunikira kwa nyama kukukulirakuliraku. sizingakwaniritsidwe.

Kutulutsa

Chinthu chinanso chokhumudwitsa ndi chakuti ziweto zimapanga 18% ya mpweya woipa wa dziko lonse lapansi malinga ndi lipoti wa FAO. Ziweto, ndi mabizinesi kuti azichirikiza, zimatulutsa mpweya wochuluka wa carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, ndi mpweya wofananawo mumlengalenga, ndipo izi ndizoposa utsi womwe umachokera ku gawo lonse lamayendedwe. Ngati tikufuna kuteteza dziko lapansi kutentha kuposa madigiri 2, kuchuluka kwake nyengo pamwamba ku Paris zomwe zidanenedweratu kuti zidzatipulumutsa ku tsoka lachilengedwe mtsogolomo, ndiye tiyenera kuchepetsa kwambiri mpweya wathu wowonjezera kutentha.

Anthu odya nyama ankagwedeza mapewa awo n’kumaseka ponena za kufala kwa mawu amenewa. Koma ndizosangalatsa kuti, m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, maphunziro ochuluka kapena mazana ambiri aperekedwa ku zotsatira za nyama pathupi la munthu ndi chilengedwe. Chiwerengero chochulukirachulukira cha akatswiri akuwonetsa kuti ntchito yoweta ndi yomwe imayambitsa zovuta zambiri zachilengedwe monga kuchepa kwa nthaka ndi madzi opanda mchere, kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso kuwonongeka kwa thanzi lathu. Tiyeni tilowe mu tsatanetsatane wake.

Umoyo wathanzi

Nyama imatsimikiziridwa kuti ili ndi thanzi labwino. Ndi gwero lolemera la mapuloteni, ayironi, zinki ndi vitamini B, ndipo ndi chifukwa chabwino kuti linakhala msana wa zakudya zambiri. Mtolankhani Marta Zaraska adafufuza ndi buku lake Meathooked mmene chikondi chathu pa nyama chinakulirakulira motero. Makolo athu nthawi zambiri ankakhala ndi njala, choncho nyama inali yopatsa thanzi komanso yofunika kwambiri kwa iwo. Sanadere nkhawa ngati angadwale matenda a shuga ali ndi zaka 55,” akutero Zaraska.

M’buku lake, Zaraska analemba kuti zaka za m’ma 1950 zisanafike, nyama inali yosowa kwambiri kwa anthu. Akatswiri a zamaganizo amati chinthu chikakhala chochepa, m’pamenenso timachiyamikira kwambiri, ndipo n’zimene zinachitikadi. Panthawi ya nkhondo zapadziko lonse, nyama inasowa kwambiri. Komabe, chakudya cha asilikali chinali cholemetsa pa nyama, motero asilikali ochokera m’madera osauka anapeza nyama yochuluka. Nkhondo itatha, anthu olemera apakati anayamba kudya nyama zambiri, ndipo nyama inakhala yofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri. "Nyama inabwera kuimira mphamvu, chuma ndi umuna, ndipo izi zimatipangitsa kukhala otanganidwa ndi nyama," akutero Zaraska.

Malinga ndi iye, malonda a nyama alibe chidwi ndi kuyitanidwa kwa odya zamasamba, chifukwa ndi bizinesi ngati ina iliyonse. “Makampaniwo samasamala kwenikweni za kadyedwe kanu koyenera, amasamala za phindu. Ku US kuli ndalama zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama - makampaniwa ali ndi $ 186 biliyoni ya malonda apachaka, omwe ndi oposa GDP ya Hungary, mwachitsanzo. Amalimbikitsa, amathandizira maphunziro ndikuyika ndalama pakutsatsa ndi PR. Amangoganizira za bizinesi yawo basi ”.

Kuipa kwa thanzi

Nyama ingayambe kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa thupi pamene ikudya nthawi zonse kapena m'magulu akuluakulu (tsiku ndi tsiku chidutswa cha nyama chimakhala chochuluka). Lili ndi mafuta ambiri okhutitsidwa, omwe, ngati adyedwa kwambiri, angapangitse kuti cholesterol m’mwazi wanu ikwere. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko. Ku United States, kudya nyama ndikokula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Munthu wamba wa ku America amadya kuposa nthawi 1.5 kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe amafunikira, omwe ambiri amachokera ku nyama. 77 magalamu a mapuloteni a nyama ndi 35 magalamu a mapuloteni a zomera amapanga okwana 112 magalamu a mapuloteni zomwe zikupezeka pa munthu aliyense ku US patsiku. RDA (chilolezo cha tsiku ndi tsiku) cha akulu ndi okhawo magalamu 56 kuchokera ku zakudya zosakaniza. Madokotala amachenjeza kuti thupi lathu limasunga mapuloteni ochulukirapo monga mafuta, omwe amapangitsa kulemera, matenda a mtima, shuga, kutupa ndi khansa.

Kodi kudya masamba kulibwino kwa thupi? Ntchito zomwe zatchulidwa komanso zaposachedwa kwambiri za kusiyana pakati pa zakudya zama protein a nyama ndi zakudya zama protein zamasamba (monga mitundu yonse yazamasamba / zamasamba) zimasindikizidwa ndi University of Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital ndi Harvard Medical School, University of Andrews, T. Colin Campbell Center for Nutrition Studies ndi Lancet, ndipo pali ena ambiri. Mmodzi ndi mmodzi, amayankha funso ngati mapuloteni a zomera amatha kukhala ndi thanzi labwino m'malo mwa mapuloteni a nyama, ndipo amayankha funsoli ndi inde, koma pansi pa chikhalidwe chimodzi: zakudya zopangira zomera ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala ndi zakudya zonse zopatsa thanzi. Maphunzirowa amaloza m'modzi pambuyo pa nyama yofiira ndi nyama yokonzedwa kuti ikhale yowononga kwambiri thanzi la anthu kuposa nyama yamtundu wina. Maphunzirowa amasonyezanso kuti tiyenera kuchepetsa kudya kwa nyama, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe amapereka thupi.

Kafukufuku wa chipatala cha Massachusetts (magwero onse omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa) adayang'anira zakudya, moyo, imfa ndi matenda a anthu 130,000 kwa zaka 36, ​​ndipo adapeza kuti omwe amadya mapuloteni a zomera m'malo mwa nyama yofiira anali ndi mwayi wocheperapo ndi 34% kuti afe. imfa yoyambirira. Akangochotsa mazira pazakudya zawo, zidachepetsa 19% pachiwopsezo cha imfa. Pamwamba pa izo, kafukufuku wa pa yunivesite ya Harvard anapeza kuti kudya nyama yofiira pang'ono, makamaka yofiira yofiira, ikhoza kugwirizana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuthamanga kwa magazi, shuga, matenda a mtima, sitiroko, ndi kufa ndi matenda a mtima. Chotsatira chomwecho chinatsirizidwa ndi Lancet kuphunzira, komwe kwa chaka chimodzi, odwala 28 adapatsidwa moyo wopanda mafuta ochepa, osasuta fodya, komanso maphunziro owongolera kupsinjika komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono, ndipo anthu 20 adapatsidwa ntchito yosunga zakudya zawo 'zachizolowezi'. Pamapeto pa phunziroli tinganene kuti kusintha kwa moyo wonse kumatha kubweretsa kutsika kwa atherosulinosis yamtima pakangotha ​​chaka chimodzi.

Pomwe kafukufuku wa University of Andrews adapezanso zomwezi, adapezanso kuti odya zamasamba amakonda kukhala ndi index yotsika ya thupi komanso kuchepa kwa khansa. Izi ndichifukwa choti ali ndi zakudya zochepa zamafuta odzaza ndi cholesterol komanso kudya kwambiri zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, fiber, phytochemicals, mtedza, mbewu zonse ndi soya. Chiwopsezo chochepa cha khansa chinatsimikiziridwanso ndi Prof. Dr. T. Colin Campbell, yemwe adawona mu zomwe zimatchedwa "China Project", kuti zakudya zomwe zimakhala zowonjezereka mu mapuloteni a nyama zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi khansa ya chiwindi. Anapeza kuti mitsempha yowonongedwa ndi cholesterol ya nyama imatha kukonzedwa ndi zakudya zochokera ku zomera.

Antibiotics

Akatswiri a zachipatala amanenanso kuti nthawi zambiri chakudya chomwe amapatsidwa kwa ziweto chimakhala mankhwala ndi mankhwala arsenic, zomwe alimi amagwiritsa ntchito kulimbikitsa ulimi wa nyama pamtengo wotsika kwambiri. Mankhwalawa amapha mabakiteriya omwe ali m'matumbo a nyama, koma akagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, amachititsa kuti mabakiteriya ena asamve, pambuyo pake amakhala ndi moyo ndikuchulukana ndipo amafalikira ku chilengedwe kudzera mu nyama.

Posachedwapa, European Medicines Agency inafalitsa a lipoti momwe amafotokozera momwe kugwiritsidwira ntchito kwa anti-biotics amphamvu kwambiri m'mafamu kwakwera kuti alembe m'mayiko akuluakulu a ku Ulaya. Mmodzi mwa ma antibiotic omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri anali mankhwala alireza, amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda oika moyo pachiswe. The WHO analangiza Asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ofunikira kwambiri pazamankhwala amunthu, ngati atatero, ndikuchiza nawo nyama, koma lipoti la EMA likuwonetsa zosiyana: maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Pali kukambitsirana kwakukulu pakati pa azaumoyo ponena za kuipa kwa nyama pazakudya za anthu. Kafukufuku wochulukirapo ayenera kuchitidwa kuti adziwe zomwe zotsatira zenizeni za thanzi zimakhala za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya zochokera ku zomera komanso zotsatira zake za zizolowezi zina zonse zomwe veggies amatha kutsata, monga kusasuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa kwambiri komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Zomwe maphunziro onse amawonetsa mosagwirizana ndi izi paKudya nyama kumakhala ndi thanzi labwino, ndipo nyama yofiira ndiyo mdani wamkulu wa 'nyama' wa thupi la munthu. Ndipo kudya nyama mopambanitsa ndizomwe anthu ambiri padziko lapansi akuwoneka kuti akuchita. Tiyeni tione mmene kudya mopambanitsaku kumakhudzira nthaka.

Veji kutungangako

The UN Food and Agriculture Organisation Akuti pafupifupi anthu 795 miliyoni mwa anthu 7.3 biliyoni padziko lapansi amadwala matenda osakwanira m'kati mwa 2014-2016. Chowonadi choyipa, komanso chofunikira m'nkhaniyi, chifukwa kuchepa kwa chakudya kumakhudzana makamaka ndi kukwera kwachangu kwa anthu komanso kuchepa kwa kupezeka kwa malo, madzi, ndi mphamvu kwa munthu aliyense. Pamene mayiko omwe ali ndi malonda akuluakulu a nyama, monga Brazil ndi US, amagwiritsa ntchito nthaka kuchokera ku Amazon kulima mbewu za ng'ombe zawo, ndiye kuti timatenga malo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudyetsa anthu mwachindunji. Bungwe la FAO likuyerekeza kuti pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya minda yaulimi imagwiritsidwa ntchito polima chakudya cha ziweto komanso ngati malo odyetserako ziweto. Vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndilo kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa nthaka, chifukwa chofuna kudya chidutswa cha nyama tsiku lililonse.

Zimadziwika kuti ulimi wa ziweto umawononga nthaka. Pamalo onse olimapo omwe alipo, Ma 12 maekala chaka chilichonse amatayika chifukwa cha chipululu (njira yachilengedwe imene nthaka yachonde imasanduka chipululu), malo amene matani 20 miliyoni a tirigu akanalimidwa. Njira imeneyi imayamba chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa (yolima mbewu ndi msipu), kudyetserako msipu ndi kulima mozama komwe kumawononga nthaka. Chimbudzi cha ziweto chimadumphira m’madzi ndi mumlengalenga, n’kuipitsa mitsinje, nyanja ndi nthaka. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa feteleza wamalonda kukhoza kupatsa nthaka zakudya zina pamene kukokoloka kwa nthaka kukuchitika, koma feterezayu amadziwika kuti amalowetsamo zinthu zambiri. mphamvu zamagetsi.

Pamwamba pa izi, nyama zimadya pafupifupi malita 55 thililiyoni amadzi pachaka. Kupanga 1 kg ya mapuloteni a nyama kumafuna madzi ochulukirapo nthawi 100 kuposa kupanga 1 kg ya mapuloteni ambewu, lembani ofufuza mu American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Pali njira zabwino zosamalira nthaka, ndipo tifufuza m'munsimu momwe alimi achilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe adayambira bwino popanga zakudya zokhazikika.

Mpweya wowonjezera kutentha

Takambirana kale kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha womwe makampani anyama amapanga. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti si nyama iliyonse yomwe imatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Kupanga nyama ya ng'ombe ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri; ng'ombe ndi zakudya zomwe zimadya zimatenga malo ambiri, ndipo pamwamba pa izo, zimatulutsa methane yambiri. Choncho, chidutswa cha ng'ombe chimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa nkhuku.

Research lofalitsidwa ndi bungwe la Royal Institute of International Affairs, linapeza kuti kuchepetsa kudya kwa nyama m'kati mwa malangizo ovomerezeka a zaumoyo kungachepetseko gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a mpweya wowonjezera kutentha umene ukufunika kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dziko kufika pansi pa madigiri a 2. Kuti mufikire madigiri awiri okwana, zochulukirapo kuposa kungotengera zakudya zochokera ku mbewu zimafunikira, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi wina. phunziro kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Minnesota. Ofufuzawo akuwonetsa kuti njira zowonjezera, monga kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wochepetsera gawo lazakudya komanso kuchepetsa zinthu zosakhudzana ndi chakudya, ndizofunikira.

Kodi sikungakhale kopindulitsa kuti nthaka, mpweya, ndi thanzi lathu kusandutsa mbali ina ya msipu wodyetserako ziweto kukhala msipu wolima ndiwo zamasamba zogwiritsiridwa ntchito mwachindunji ndi anthu?

Solutions

Tisaiwale kuti kunena kuti 'zakudya zochokera ku mbewu za aliyense' ndizosatheka ndipo zimachitika chifukwa chokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira. Anthu a mu Afirika ndi malo ena ouma padziko lapansili amasangalala kukhala ndi ng’ombe kapena nkhuku monga magwero awo okha a zomanga thupi. Koma mayiko monga USA, Canada, mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, Australia, Israel ndi mayiko ena aku South America, omwe ali pamwamba pa mndandanda wa zakudya za nyama, ayenera kupanga masinthidwe owopsa m’njira yopangira chakudya chawo ngati akufuna kuti dziko lapansi ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu chikhalepo kwa nthaŵi yaitali, popanda chiyembekezo cha kupereŵera kwa zakudya m’thupi ndi masoka achilengedwe.

Ndizovuta kwambiri kusintha momwe zinthu ziliri, chifukwa dziko ndi lovuta ndipo limapempha mayankho eni eni ake. Ngati tikufuna kusintha zinazake, ziyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono komanso zokhazikika, ndikutumikira zosowa zamagulu osiyanasiyana. Anthu ena amatsutsa kotheratu mitundu yonse ya ulimi wa ziweto, koma ena akadali okonzeka kuswana ndi kudya nyama kuti adye, koma angafune kusintha kadyedwe kawo kuti akhale ndi malo abwino.

Choyamba ndikofunikira kuti anthu azindikire kudya kwawo mopambanitsa, asanasinthe zakudya zawo. "Tikamvetsetsa komwe njala ya nyama imachokera, titha kupeza njira zothetsera vutoli," akutero Marta Zaraska, wolemba bukuli. Meathooked. Nthawi zambiri anthu amaganiza kuti sangadye nyama yocheperako, koma sizinali choncho ndi kusuta?

Maboma amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi. Marco Springmann, wofufuza wa Oxford Martin Programme pa Tsogolo la Chakudya, akuti maboma atha kuphatikizira zinthu zokhazikika muzakudya zadziko monga gawo loyamba. Boma likhoza kusintha zakudya za anthu kuti apange zosankha zathanzi komanso zokhazikika kukhala zosasinthika. "Unduna waku Germany wasintha posachedwa zakudya zonse zoperekedwa ku maphwando kuti zikhale zamasamba. Tsoka ilo, pakadali pano, mayiko ochepa okha ndi omwe achita izi, "akutero Springmann. Monga gawo lachitatu la kusintha, akutchula kuti maboma angapangitse kusalinganika m'dongosolo lazakudya pochotsa ndalama zothandizira zakudya zopanda thanzi, ndikuwerengera kuopsa kwachuma kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kapena ndalama zathanzi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudya zakudya pamtengo wazinthuzi. Izi zidzalimbikitsa opanga ndi ogula kuti asankhe mwanzeru pankhani yazakudya.

Misonkho ya nyama

Dick Veerman, katswiri wazakudya waku Dutch, akuwonetsa kuti msika ukufunika kusintha kasamalidwe ka nyama kukhala chakudya chokhazikika. Mu msika waulele, mafakitale a nyama sangasiye kupanga, ndipo kupezeka komwe kumapezeka kumapangitsa kuti anthu azifuna. Chofunikira ndichoti kusintha kopereka. Malinga ndi Veerman, nyama iyenera kukhala yokwera mtengo, ndikuphatikizanso 'msonkho wa nyama' pamtengo, zomwe zimakwaniritsa malo omwe amagulitsa nyama. Misonkho ya nyama idzapangitsanso nyama kukhala yamtengo wapatali, ndipo anthu ayamba kuyamikira nyama (ndi zinyama) zambiri. 

Pulogalamu ya Oxford's Future of Food posachedwa lofalitsidwa kuphunzira mu Nature, zomwe zinawerengetsera phindu lazachuma lomwe limakhalapo popanga chakudya cha msonkho potengera mpweya wotenthetsa dziko lawo. Kukhazikitsa msonkho pazanyama ndi majenereta ena otulutsa mpweya wambiri kumatha kuchepetsa kudya nyama ndi 10 peresenti ndikudula matani biliyoni imodzi ya mpweya wowonjezera kutentha mchaka cha 2020, malinga ndi ofufuza.

Otsutsa akuti msonkho wa nyama ungaphatikizepo osauka, pomwe anthu olemera amatha kumangodya nyama kuposa kale. Koma ofufuza a Oxford akuwonetsa kuti maboma atha kupereka ndalama zina zathanzi (zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba) kuthandiza anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa kuti asinthe.

Lab - nyama

Oyambitsa ambiri akufufuza momwe angapangire kutsanzira kwabwino kwa nyama, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nyama. Yambani monga Memphis Meats, Mosa Meat, Impossible Burger ndi SuperMeat onse amagulitsa nyama ya lab ndi mkaka, zomwe zimakonzedwa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa 'cellular Agriculture' (zogulitsa zaulimi). The Impossible Burger, yopangidwa ndi kampani yomwe ili ndi dzina lomwelo, imawoneka ngati burger weniweni wa ng'ombe, koma ilibe ng'ombe iliyonse. Zosakaniza zake ndi tirigu, kokonati, mbatata ndi Heme, yomwe ndi molekyu yachinsinsi yomwe imakhala ndi nyama yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yosangalatsa kwa anthu. Impossible Burger imapanganso kukoma kofanana ndi nyama poyika yisiti mu zomwe zimatchedwa Heme.

Nyama ndi mkaka zomwe zimapangidwa ndi labu zimatha kuthetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha wopangidwa ndi ziweto, komanso zimatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka ndi madzi komwe kumafunika kukulitsa ziweto pakapita nthawi; limati Kukolola Kwatsopano, bungwe lomwe limapereka ndalama zofufuza zaulimi wama cell. Njira yatsopanoyi yaulimi ilibe chiopsezo ku kubuka kwa matenda ndi nyengo ya nyengo yoipa, ndipo ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pafupi ndi nthawi zonse zoweta ziweto, powonjezera katundu ndi nyama yodzala ndi labu.

Zopanga zachilengedwe zachilengedwe

Kugwiritsa ntchito malo opangira kukulitsa zakudya si chitukuko chatsopano ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale mu zomwe zimatchedwa greenhouses. Tikamadya nyama yocheperako, masamba ambiri amafunikira, ndipo titha kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zobiriwira pafupi ndi ulimi wamba. Wowonjezera kutentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga nyengo yofunda momwe mbewu zingakulire, ndikupatsidwa zakudya zoyenera komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumateteza kukula bwino. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zanthawi zonse monga tomato ndi sitiroberi zimatha kulimidwa m'malo obiriwira chaka chonse, pomwe zimangowoneka munyengo inayake.

Malo obiriwira obiriwira amatha kupanga masamba ambiri kuti adyetse anthu, ndipo nyengo zazing'ono ngati izi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'matauni. Chiwerengero chochulukira cha minda yapadenga ndi malo osungiramo mizinda ikupangidwa, ndipo pali zolinga zazikulu zosinthira mizinda kukhala malo obiriwira obiriwira, pomwe malo obiriwira amakhala mbali ya malo okhalamo kuti mzindawu ulime zina mwa mbewu zake.

Ngakhale kuti ali ndi mphamvu, nyumba zosungiramo zomera zimawoneka ngati zotsutsana, chifukwa chakuti nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa carbon dioxide, womwe umapangitsa kuti mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ukhale wochuluka. Makina osalowerera ndale ayenera kukhazikitsidwa m'malo onse obiriwira omwe alipo kale asanakhale gawo lokhazikika lazakudya zathu.

Chithunzi: https://nl.pinterest.com/lawncare/urban-gardening/?lp=true

Kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka mokhazikika

Tikachepetsa kudya kwambiri nyama, maekala mamiliyoni ambiri azaulimi adzakhala njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito nthaka. Kugawidwanso kwa maderawa kudzafunika. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti madera ena otchedwa 'malo otsetsereka' sangabzalepo, chifukwa amatha kudyetsera ng'ombe zokha ndipo sizoyenera kulimidwa.

Anthu ena amatsutsa kuti 'maiko akutali' amenewa atha kusandulika kukhala zomera zawo zoyambirira, mwa kubzala mitengo. Mu masomphenyawa, minda yachonde ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira mphamvu zamagetsi kapena kulima mbewu kuti anthu adye. Ofufuza ena amatsutsa kuti minda yaing'onoyi iyenera kugwiritsidwabe ntchito kuti ziweto zidye kuti zipeze nyama zochepa, pamene akugwiritsa ntchito minda yachonde kulima mbewu za anthu. Mwanjira imeneyi, ziweto zocheperako zikudyetsedwa m'malo otsetsereka, yomwe ndi njira yokhazikika yozisunga.

Choyipa cha njira imeneyi ndikuti nthawi zonse sitikhala ndi minda yocheperako, ndiye ngati tikufuna kukhala ndi ziweto zina zopangira nyama zazing'ono komanso zokhazikika, minda yachonde iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti idyetse kapena kulima mbewu zokolola. nyama.

Kulima kwachilengedwe komanso kwachilengedwe

Njira yokhazikika yaulimi imapezeka mu ulimi wachilengedwe ndi wachilengedwe, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zikhale zogwira mtima komanso zogwira ntchito zamoyo zonse (zamoyo zam'nthaka, zomera, ziweto ndi anthu) za agro-ecosystem, ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo omwe alipo. Zotsalira zonse ndi zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa pafamupo zimabwerera m'nthaka, ndipo mbewu zonse, zakudya ndi mapuloteni odyetsera ziweto zimakula mokhazikika, monga momwe zalembedwera m'nthaka. Miyezo ya Canada Organic (2015).

Mafamu achilengedwe ndi achilengedwe amapanga famu yoyendera zachilengedwe pobwezeretsanso zinthu zina zonse zapafamuyo. Nyama ndi okha zisathe recyclers, ndipo akhoza ngakhale kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya zinyalala, malinga ndi kafukufuku kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Cambridge. Ng'ombe zimafunikira udzu kuti zipange mkaka ndikukulitsa nyama yawo, koma nkhumba zimatha kukhala ndi zinyalala ndikudzipangira zokha maziko a zakudya 187. Kuwonongeka kwa chakudya kumawerengera mpaka 50% ya zopanga zonse padziko lonse lapansi ndipo kotero pali zakudya zokwanira zowonongeka kuti zigwiritsidwenso ntchito m'njira yokhazikika.